超大孔磷酸铝分子筛的合成及性能

1988年Davis等首次报道了以二正丙胺和四丁基氢氧化铵为结构导向剂合成出一种命名为VPI-5的新型磷酸铝超大孔分子筛。它是一族具有相同三维拓朴学骨架的磷酸铝系分子筛,该结构的对称性属六方晶系,P6_3cm空间群,单位晶胞由36个TO_2组成,晶胞参数α=1.8989nm,c=0.8112nm,其主孔道由18员环构成,孔直径约为1.2-1.3nm。     

Study on the anodic reaction of Ni in an alkaline solution by transient pH detection based on scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM)

The anodic reaction of Ni in an alkaline solution was studied by the tip–substrate voltammetry mode of scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) and cyclic voltammetry (CV). A platinum microdisc electrode was selected as the tip electrode, which functioned as a pH sensor with transient response capability. The pH value of the solution near the Ni electrode surface varied while the Ni substrate oxidation reaction occurred, and the pH variation could be detected by the tip faradic current. The cyclic voltammogram results showed that two types of hydroxides: i.e. α‐Ni(OH)₂ and β‐Ni(OH)₂ were formed during Ni oxidation in the lower potential region. In the proceedings of α‐Ni(OH)₂ → γ‐NiOOH and β‐Ni(OH)₂ → β‐NiOOH, the process of OH^? concentration decrease in the solution was ahead and behind of electron transfer in the solid phase, respectively. These results indicate that the OH^? adsorption process occurs as an elementary step in the former reaction and the H⁺ diffusion process from the inner to the outer layer of the solid phase occurs as a subsequent step in the latter reaction. The results also revealed that the oxide film on the Ni surface has a two‐layer structure. The real potential of the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) on the Ni surface with different cycles is also analyzed in the paper. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Synthesis and modification of terrylenediimides as high-performance fluorescent dyes

Two new synthetic approaches to terrylenediimides, highly photostable fluorescent dyes, are described. For the first time terrylenediimide has been synthesised in a straightforward procedure that makes large quantities available. The second route includes an efficient cross-coupling reaction followed by a cyclodehydrogenation. Monofunctionalisation of the imide structure allows terrylenediimides now to be coupled with a variety of compounds, for example, by Suzuki cross-coupling, which can lead to an array of terrylenediimides with new functional groups such as hydroxy, amino, or carboxy groups needed to link up with other molecules. The functionalisation in the bay region is used to tune the properties of terrylenediimides and extend the range of applications, for example, by introducing water solubility. These tetrasubstituted terrylenediimides offer, depending on the substituents used, exciting features such as good solubility in common organic solvents, water solubility, or NIR absorption.     

Micro-Gal laser absolute gravimeter based on high precision heterodyne interferometer

A micro-Gal absolute gravimeter based on high-precision and high-stability heterodyne interferometer is presented. The distance measuring technology of the gravimeter is studied in detail. The experimental results of distance measuring for a free-falling motion show that the high-precision heterodyne interferometer described in this paper can meet the demand of a micro-Gal absolute gravimeter with relative uncertainty of 6.4 × 10-9. Moreover, the heterodyne interferometer is more stable than the Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) which is widely used in present absolute gravimeters.     

计入地面附加衰减的声屏障插入损失估算方法*

基于理论推导和计算,给出了公路声屏障声学设计中,在考虑地面附加衰减情况下计算插入损失的方法。该方法综合考虑了有限长线声源无限长声屏障绕射声衰减量、有限长线声源地面衰减量及遮蔽角对插入损失的影响。通过与《声屏障声学设计和测量规范》（HJ/T90-2004）的计算结果的对比,验证了本文所给方法的精确性及可行性,并对规范所给地面衰减修正量进行了商榷。最后,给出了当预测点位于有限长路段中央法线上时,通过计算线声源地面衰减量得到计算插入损失所需参数值,再计算插入损失的简便方法。本研究为存在地面附加衰减情况下有限长声屏障插入损失计算提供了一个新的参考方法。     

抛光粉颗粒度对高功率激光玻璃材料抛光效率和粗糙度的影响

磷酸盐钕玻璃、熔石英和BK7是3类用于激光惯性约束聚变(ICF)装置主要光学元件材料.实验中采用不同平均粒径的氧化铈抛光粉对上述3类材料分别进行抛光,对特定材料抛光去除量和抛光粉平均粒径的关系进行了研究.实验表明:由于材料的物理和化学特性不同,特定的材料需选用相应平均粒径大小的抛光粉才能达到最佳的抛光效率.实验还就上述3类高功率激光玻璃材料抛光中各个阶段的抛光粗糙度与抛光粉平均粒径的关系进行了研究,结果表明:某一规格抛光粉的粒径对不同特性材料抛光后的表面粗糙度影响表征情况不同.     

Synthesis and properties of reactive liquid crystal monomers and side-chain liquid crystalline polymers

Two nematic liquid crystal (LC) monomers containing double bonds in the side chain were designed and synthesised. Length of the side groups varied from 1 to 2 methylene units. The side-chain polymers were synthesised by hydrosilylation reaction. The molecular structures of the intermediates and the LC monomers were characterised by Fourier transform infrared, elemental analysis and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The thermal phase behaviour of the monomers and polymers were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry and polar optical microscopy coupled with hot stage. The LC monomers showed only one nematic mesophase in the cooling process. And, the two polymers exhibit an enantiotroppic nematic mesophase either in the heating or in the cooling process.     

Microwave-Assisted Synthesis of Propesticides 1,3,4-Thiadiazole Aminophosphonates

A novel and easy synthetic route to diethyl (5-substituted phenyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-ylamino) (substituted phenyl) methylphosphonates has been achieved by the reaction of substituted benzylidene-5-(substituted phenyl)-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-amines and diethyl phosphite under microwave irradiation. These 1,3,4-thiadiazole aminophosphonates were identified by infrared, ¹H NMR, and elemental analyses. The target compounds were obtained in better yields (71–89%) and shorter time (10 min) than with conventional heating.

Laboratory Studies of Depressurization with a High Concentration of Surfactant in Low-Permeability Reservoirs

To solve the problem of high pressure of water injection in low permeability reservoirs, a high concentration of surfactant system was developed in this article. With the solubilization of oil in aqueous surfactant solution as a criterion, a formula was screened from anionic and nonionic-anionic surfactants, and the optimal depressurized system was obtained as follows, 13.3% surfactant HEX +2.23% n-propanol +4.47% n-butanol, the solubilization capability being up to 0.66 g/g. This system had good salt tolerance, and it exhibited water external microemulsion in the range of of 1 to 200 g/L NaCl. Core flooding results show that this high concentration of surfactant system formed water external microemulsion with the residual oil in the core, reducing the displacement pressure over 35%. Meanwhile, the effects of concentration and injection volume on depressurization were also investigated. It is indicated that a good depressurization effect was achieved after injecting 1 pore volume of the system with the salt concentration of 100 g/L.     

碳纳米管担载纳米Ir催化生物质基乙酰丙酸合成γ-戊内酯

以碳纳米管(CNTs)担载Ir纳米粒子为催化剂进行生物质基平台化合物乙酰丙酸(LA)选择加氢制备γ-戊内酯(GVL)的研究,并利用X射线衍射、X射线光电子能谱和透射电镜表征了使用前后的Ir/CNT催化剂,探讨了影响LA催化加氢制GVL反应性能的因素和该反应的可能路径.结果表明,与Ru,Rh和Pd等传统铂族金属相比,Ir/CNT催化剂不但可在温和条件下(50℃,2.0 MPa,H₂)实现LA至GVL的完全转化,且可对多类直接源于生物质水解的含等量LA/甲酸的“真实”体系实现GVL的高效选择合成.