全文获取类型
收费全文 | 3635篇 |
免费 | 117篇 |
国内免费 | 19篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 2761篇 |
晶体学 | 10篇 |
力学 | 65篇 |
数学 | 510篇 |
物理学 | 425篇 |
出版年
2022年 | 17篇 |
2021年 | 36篇 |
2020年 | 40篇 |
2019年 | 50篇 |
2018年 | 31篇 |
2017年 | 21篇 |
2016年 | 79篇 |
2015年 | 102篇 |
2014年 | 75篇 |
2013年 | 135篇 |
2012年 | 182篇 |
2011年 | 221篇 |
2010年 | 158篇 |
2009年 | 109篇 |
2008年 | 215篇 |
2007年 | 198篇 |
2006年 | 199篇 |
2005年 | 196篇 |
2004年 | 133篇 |
2003年 | 108篇 |
2002年 | 115篇 |
2001年 | 59篇 |
2000年 | 69篇 |
1999年 | 64篇 |
1998年 | 57篇 |
1997年 | 66篇 |
1996年 | 59篇 |
1995年 | 55篇 |
1994年 | 51篇 |
1993年 | 64篇 |
1992年 | 56篇 |
1991年 | 25篇 |
1990年 | 32篇 |
1989年 | 26篇 |
1988年 | 32篇 |
1987年 | 39篇 |
1986年 | 33篇 |
1985年 | 56篇 |
1984年 | 24篇 |
1983年 | 30篇 |
1982年 | 43篇 |
1980年 | 37篇 |
1978年 | 27篇 |
1977年 | 37篇 |
1976年 | 17篇 |
1974年 | 18篇 |
1973年 | 19篇 |
1972年 | 19篇 |
1971年 | 19篇 |
1969年 | 20篇 |
排序方式: 共有3771条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
J. Maul I. Strachnov S. Karpuk P. Bernhard A. Oelsner G. Schönhense G. Huber 《Applied Physics A: Materials Science & Processing》2006,82(1):43-47
We report morphologic changes of metallic surfaces at the onset of ablation, starting from gentle ablation to the emergence of ablation craters. The evolution of both observed melting zones and of ablation craters therein are investigated in dependence of the ablation laser fluence for nanosecond ultraviolet laser pulses. Further, consequences of crater formation for cluster synthesis within the released atomic vapor are pointed out. PACS 52.38.Mf; 79.20.Ds; 65.40.De 相似文献
2.
Bernhard Heinemann 《Mathematical Logic Quarterly》1997,43(2):203-215
Based on a modification of Moss' and Parikh's topological modal language [8], we study a generalization of a weakly expressive fragment of a certain propositional modal logic of time. We define a bimodal logic comprising operators for knowledge and nexttime. These operators are interpreted in binary computation structures. We present an axiomatization of the set T of theorems valid for this class of semantical domains and prove – as the main result of this paper – its completeness. Moreover, the question of decidability of T is treated. 相似文献
3.
T. Bernhard 《Surface science》2006,600(9):1877-1883
The structure and magnetism of thin epitaxial Fe layers grown on Cu(0 0 1) is investigated by grazing scattering of fast H and He atoms. Information on the atomic structure of the film and substrate surfaces is obtained by making use of ion beam triangulation with protons. The magnetic behavior is studied via the polarization of light emitted after capture of spin-polarized electrons into excited atomic terms during scattering of He atoms. For the formation of bcc(1 1 0)-like Fe films at higher coverages, we detect differences in structural and magnetic properties for room and low temperature growth. We suggest that the crystalline structure depends on the film morphology and that Cu impurities affect the magnetic properties. 相似文献
4.
Wenbing Hu Alexander Buzin Jar‐Shyong Lin Bernhard Wunderlich 《Journal of Polymer Science.Polymer Physics》2003,41(4):403-417
The annealing at 373 K of ultrastrong, gel‐spun polyethylene (PE) has been studied. At this temperature, the fibers show no significant shrinkage. Still, a significant decrease in the mechanical properties is observed. The fibers have been analyzed with differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), temperature‐modulated differential scanning calorimetry (TMDSC), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and small‐angle X‐ray scattering (SAXS). During the annealing, the glass transition of the intermediate phase is exceeded, as shown by DSC. When split for structure analysis by AFM, the annealed fibers undergo plastic deformation around the base fibrils instead of brittle fracture. The quasi‐isothermal TMDSC experiments are compared to the minor structural changes seen with SAXS and AFM. The loss of performance of the PE fibers at 373 K is suggested to be caused by the oriented intermediate phase, and not by major changes in the structure or morphology. The overall metastable, semicrystalline structure is shown by TMDSC to posses local regions that can melt reversibly. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 41: 403–417, 2003 相似文献
5.
Bernhard G. Bodmann Vern I. Paulsen Soha A. Abdulbaki 《Journal of Fourier Analysis and Applications》2007,13(3):285-307
We study the performance of finite frames for the encoding of vectors by applying standard higher-order sigma-delta quantization
to the frame coefficients. Our results are valid for any quantizer with accuracy ε > 0 operating in the no-overload regime.
The frames under consideration are obtained from regular sampling of a path in a Hilbert space. In order to achieve error
bounds that are comparable to results on higher-order sigma-delta for the quantization of oversampled bandlimited functions,
we construct frame paths that terminate smoothly in the zero vector, that is, with an appropriate number of vanishing derivatives
at the endpoint. 相似文献
6.
Transition temperatures (TN1) from the nematic lyotropic liquid-crystalline phase to the isotropic phase were measured for the system cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) water in the presence of small amounts of 3-stilbene carboxylic acid (3SC), 4-stilbene carboxylic acid (4SC) and Δ2/2'-bi-(2H-l,4-benzothiazine) (BT). TNI, increases as a function of trans-3SC or trans-4SC concentration, ranging from 01 to 08 wt %, by up to 12°C. A further increase in TNI between 2 and 5°C can be achieved by photochemically converting the solubilized trans stilbene derivatives to the cis isomers. Irradiation of a trans-3SC containing sample at a temperature just above TNl leads to a light-induced phase transition to the lyotropic liquid-crystalline phase. Solubilization of trans-BT causes a slight decrease of TNI while photoisomerization to cis-BT increases TNI by 1°C. 相似文献
7.
3rd International Conference on Trace Element Speciation in Biomedical, Nutritional and Environmental Sciences 相似文献
8.
Vladimir B. Arion Alexey A. Nazarov Christian G. Hartinger Gerald Giester Bernhard K. Keppler 《应用有机金属化学》2003,17(9):723-724
For the unsymmetrical title compound, 1‐bromo‐1′‐[(2S)‐N‐(1‐hydroxy‐3‐methylbutane‐2‐yl)]‐ferroceneamide, two independent molecules were found in the asymmetric unit. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
9.
Bernhard Krötz 《Japanese Journal of Mathematics》2007,2(2):303-311
In this paper we raise a question about the boundary of the crown domain of a Riemannian symmetric space X. In case X is of Hermitian type we give an affirmative answer. 相似文献
10.
Bernhard Von Stengel 《Annals of Operations Research》1988,16(1):161-183
This paper integrates and extends the theory of the decomposition of multiattribute expected-utility functions based on utility independence. In a preliminary section, the standard decision model of expected utility is briefly discussed, including the fact that the decision maker's preference forlotteries with two outcomes determines the utility function uniquely. The decomposition possibilities of a utility function are captured by the concept ofautonomous sets of attributes, an affine separability of some kind known as generalized utility independence.Overlapping autonomous sets lead to biaffine-associative, i.e.multiplicative oradditive decompositions. The multiplicative representation shows that autonomy has strongerclosure properties than utility independence, for instance with respect to set-theoretic difference. Autonomy is also a concept with a wider scope since it applies to the decomposition of Boolean functions, games and a number of other topics in combinatorial optimization. This relationship to the well-known theory ofsubstitution decomposition in discrete mathematics also reveals a kind of discrete core behind the decomposition of utility functions. The entirety of autonomous sets can be represented by a compact data structure, the so-calledcomposition tree, which frequently corresponds to a natural hierarchy of attributes. Multiplicative/additive ormulti-affine functions correspond to the hierarchy steps. The known representation of multi-affine functions is shown to be given by aMoebius inversion formula. The entire approach has the advantage that it allows the application of more sophisticated representation methods on a detailed level, whereas it employs onlyfinite set theory andarithmetic on the main levels in the hierarchy. 相似文献