天葵子的化学成分研究

植物中很少存在含氰基官能团的化合物。近期文献报道从常用抗癌中药天葵子中分离得到部分此类化合物，而且天葵子富含具有氰基官能团的化合物。为了丰富此类化合物的种类和数量，同时深入对中国药典收载品种的进一步研究，本文对天葵子的化学成分进行了系统分离。从中药天葵子中分离得到两个新化合物：一个为新的生物碱类化合物，命名为天葵碱A (1)，另一个为新的酯类化合物，3-(4'-羟基苯基)- 2-丙烯酸-(4'-羰基苯基)酯(2)。同时分离到了四个含氰基官能团的化合物：(Z)-6α-(β-D-glucosyloxy)-4α, 5α-dihydroxy-2- cyclohexene- Δ¹, α-acetonitrile (3), (Z)-6α-(β-D-glucosyloxy)- 4α-hydroxy-2-cyclohexene-Δ¹, α- acetonitrile (4), lithospermoside (5), ehretioside B (6)和11个已知化合物。新化合物1和2的结构主要通过一维和二维核磁共振技术确证。含氰基官能团的化合物3和4首次从毛茛科植物中分离得到。迄今为止，包括文献报道的部分化合物，从天葵子植物中共分离鉴定了6个比较少见的含氰基官能团的化合物。     

Constituents from the Roots of Semiaquilegia adoxoides

In present literature search, some cyano-containing compounds, which are very rare in plants, from the traditional anticancer herb Tiankuizi were reported. To find more cyano-containing compounds in the important plant Semiaquilegia adoxoides （DC） Makino （Chinese name Tiankuizi）, the isolation of the chemical constituents was investigated for advancing the research. Two new compounds, a new alkaloid, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-6-hydroxy-1[（3,4-dihydroxyphenyl）methyl]-7-methoxy-2,2-dimethyl-isoquinolinium, named Semiaquilegine A （1）, and a new ester, 3-（4＇-hydroxyphenyl）-2-propenoic acid （4＂-carboxyl）-phenyl ester （2）, and four cyano-containing compounds, （Z）-6a-（β-D-glucosyloxy）-4a,5a-dihydroxy-2-cyclohexene-△^1,a-acetonitrile （3）, （L0-6α-（β-D-glucosyloxy）-4α-hydroxy-2-cyclohexene-△^1,α-acetonitrile （4）, lithospermoside （5）, ehretioside B （6）, as well as eleven known compounds, were isolated from the roots of Semiaquilegia adoxoides. The structures of new compounds 1 and 2 were elucidated mainly by 1D/2D-NMR techniques. Very unusual cyano-containing compounds 3 and 4 were first isolated from Ranunculaceae family. Hitherto, there were six cyano-containing compounds found in the herb.     

多题一解，培养运算素养——齐次化在2022年高考圆锥曲线题中的应用

圆锥曲线是高中解析几何的重要内容,这部分内容主要是用代数方法来研究几何图形的性质,对提高学生的数学抽象、逻辑推理、直观想象、数学运算等核心素养有很大帮助.值得注意的是在数学运算方面,不能仅仅停留在进行正确、有据、合理、简洁的运算上,还要力求做到运算技能和逻辑思维等的有机整合.在解决问题的过程中,要学会分析运算条件,选择运算方法.