超疏水表面液滴的振动特性及其与液滴体积的关系

超疏水表面液滴的振动特性与接触线的移动、液滴体积、基底振幅等因素密切相关.本文在基底振幅较小且恒定的条件下,研究了超疏水表面液滴的共振振幅、模式区间、共振频率等振动特性及其与液滴体积(20—500μL)的关系.此外,将基于一般性疏水表面建立的Noblin共振频率计算模型应用于超疏水表面,并提出“虚驻点”的概念,借此对模型进行了误差分析和修正.研究表明:1)共振时,液滴高度变化率即比振幅随体积增大而增大,随阶数增大而减小;2)各模式区间的起止频率首尾相接,其范围随体积增大而减小;3)液滴体积越大,共振频率越小,随着阶数增大,共振频率f与体积V的关系趋于f-V^–0.4,不同于一般性疏水表面上的f-V^–0.5;4)直接应用Noblin模型计算共振频率会产生较大误差,主要原因在于液滴表面波波段数量统计存在较大偏差,而修正后的模型可以准确计算超疏水表面大体积液滴的共振频率.     

非平衡磁控溅射沉积系统伏安特性模型研究

非平衡磁控溅射沉积系统的伏安特性对阴极溅射和薄膜沉积过程具有重要的影响.通过分析在常规磁控溅射沉积系统中非平衡磁场对于放电过程的影响，根据蔡尔得定律研究了非平衡磁场对磁控溅射沉积系统伏安特性影响的基本规律；根据模型和实验数据的对比证明模型正确表达了非平衡磁控溅射沉积系统中非平衡磁场对伏安特性影响的规律. 关键词： 等离子体 金属薄膜/非磁性 磁控溅射     

Time-Domain Measurement of Optical True-Time Delay in Two-Dimensional Photonic Crystal Waveguides

We report on the realization of optical true-time delay （TTD） by a two-dimensional photonic crystal waveguide （PCWG）. Design and fabrication of the PCWG are investigated. The spectral dependence of the group delay is measured by detecting the phase shifts of a 10 GHz modulating signal, and a maximum delay of 25±2.5 ps is obtained.     

Ag2S quantum dot-sensitized WO3 photoelectrodes for solar cells

This work investigates the photovoltaic properties of new-architecture Ag₂S quantum dot-sensitized solar cells (QDSCs) fabricated on WO₃ electrodes. Liquid-junction Ag₂S QDSCs were fabricated from QDs synthesized using the successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction process. The optimal QDSC yielded an efficiency η of 0.20 % under a 100-mW/cm² light illumination. Coating the QDSC with a compact layer and a scattering layer improved η to 0.31 % with a short-circuit current density J _sc of 5.81 mA/cm² and an open-circuit voltage V _oc of 0.21 V. η increased to 0.53 % at a reduced 0.1 sun illumination with a J _sc of 1.11 mA/cm². The external quantum efficiency (EQE) spectrum covered the spectral range of 350–900 nm with a maximal EQE of 29 % at λ?=?650 nm. This work demonstrates the feasibility of the new-configuration Ag₂S QDSCs fabricated on WO₃ electrodes.     

Multi-performance characterization analysis of diameter and taper angle on alumina ceramic via using pulsed ultraviolet laser percussion drilling method

This paper presents the optimal conditions for the ultraviolet laser percussion drilling of alumina materials intended for use in heat sinks. The Taguchi method and grey relational analysis, along with the consideration of multiple quality characteristics, were applied for determining the optimal parameters. The entrance diameter and taper angle of the drilled hole were affected by the material processing parameters, including laser power, pulse duration, focal plane position, and number of pulses. The Taguchi method and grey relational analysis were used for assessing the effects of the operational parameters on multiple performance characteristics. Nine experiments based on an orthogonal array were performed. According to the results, the optimal process parameters were as follows: laser energy density, 3.82 J/cm²; focal plane position, 0.1 mm; number of pulses, 20 shots; and single pulse duration, 3 ms. Analysis of the grey relational grade revealed that the focal plane position was the most dominant parameter.     

Hydrogen storage in Li-doped fullerene-intercalated hexagonal boron nitrogen layers

New materials for hydrogen storage of Li-doped fullerene (C₂₀, C₂₈, C₃₆, C₅₀, C₆₀, C₇₀)-intercalated hexagonal boron nitrogen (h-BN) frameworks were designed by using density functional theory (DFT) calculations. First-principles molecular dynamics (MD) simulations showed that the structures of the C _n -BN (n = 20, 28, 36, 50, 60, and 70) frameworks were stable at room temperature. The interlayer distance of the h-BN layers was expanded to 9.96–13.59 Å by the intercalated fullerenes. The hydrogen storage capacities of these three-dimensional (3D) frameworks were studied using grand canonical Monte Carlo (GCMC) simulations. The GCMC results revealed that at 77 K and 100 bar (10 MPa), the C₅₀-BN framework exhibited the highest gravimetric hydrogen uptake of 6.86 wt% and volumetric hydrogen uptake of 58.01 g/L. Thus, the hydrogen uptake of the Li-doped C _n -intercalated h-BN frameworks was nearly double that of the non-doped framework at room temperature. Furthermore, the isosteric heats of adsorption were in the range of 10–21 kJ/mol, values that are suitable for adsorbing/desorbing the hydrogen molecules at room temperature. At 193 K (–80 °C) and 100 bar for the Li-doped C₅₀-BN framework, the gravimetric and volumetric uptakes of H₂ reached 3.72 wt% and 30.08 g/L, respectively.     

Recreational runners with patellofemoral pain exhibit elevated patella water content

Increased bone water content resulting from repetitive patellofemoral joint overloading has been suggested to be a possible mechanism underlying patellofemoral pain (PFP). To date, it remains unknown whether persons with PFP exhibit elevated bone water content. The purpose of this study was to determine whether recreational runners with PFP exhibit elevated patella water content when compared to pain-free controls. Ten female recreational runners with a diagnosis of PFP (22 to 39 years of age) and 10 gender, age, weight, height, and activity matched controls underwent chemical-shift-encoded water-fat magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to quantify patella water content (i.e., water-signal fraction). Differences in bone water content of the total patella, lateral aspect of the patella, and medial aspect of the patella were compared between groups using independent t tests. Compared with the control group, the PFP group demonstrated significantly greater total patella bone water content (15.4 ± 3.5% vs. 10.3 ± 2.1%; P = 0.001), lateral patella water content (17.2 ± 4.2% vs. 11.5 ± 2.5%; P = 0.002), and medial patella water content (13.2 ± 2.7% vs. 8.4 ± 2.3%; P < 0.001). The higher patella water content observed in female runners with PFP is suggestive of venous engorgement and elevated extracellular fluid. In turn, this may lead to an increase in intraosseous pressure and pain.     

微乳法制备无定形NiO及其电化学电容行为

采用微乳法合成无定形Ni(OH)₂前驱体,经煅烧得到NiO,通过TEM、XRD、TG、DSC对前驱体和产物的形貌、结构和性能进行表征。结果表明,NiO仍为无定形结构。在煅烧温度低于600 ℃时,晶体生长活化能为10.72 kJ·mol^-1,且晶体生长以界面扩散为主。采用恒流充放电、循环伏安和电化学阻抗方法研究了AC/NiO混合电容器的电容行为。结果表明,在100 mA·g^-1电流密度下,其比电容、比功率和比能量分别为104.4 F·g^-1、75 W·kg^-1和65.3 Wh·kg^-1,200次循环后容量保持率为87.7%。在0～1.5 V电压范围内AC/NiO混合电容器具有良好的电容特性。     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定环境样品中溴嘧氯草醚残留及其在土壤中降解特性的研究

建立了超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法(UPLC-MS/MS)测定土壤、沉积物和水中溴嘧氯草醚残留量的方法,研究了溴嘧氯草醚在3种不同类型土壤中的降解特性.样品经乙腈提取后,以C18固相萃取柱净化,采用梯度洗脱程序、BEH C18色谱分离柱、应用UPLC-MS/MS多反应监测模式测定溴嘧氯草醚.对0.005、0.05和2.0 mg/kg添加浓度样品进行回收实验,溴嘧氯草醚在土壤、沉积物和水中的平均回收率为87%~106%,变异系数为2.8%~8.0%.溴嘧氯草醚在0.5~20μg/L浓度范围内相关系数R2>0.9999,溴嘧氯草醚在土壤(沉积物)和水中的定量限分别为0.2μg/kg和0.2μg/L.应用建立的溴嘧氯草醚残留分析方法检测了土壤降解样品,结果表明,溴嘧氯草醚在3种不同土壤中好氧降解的半衰期为1.72~28.2 d,厌氧降解的半衰期为2.93~31.4 d;在同一种土壤样品中,好氧条件下溴嘧氯草醚降解快于厌氧条件;土壤中溴嘧氯草醚降解的快慢与土壤的pH值、阳离子交换量和土壤质地有关.