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1.
We have observed an unusual reduction of shear stress with increasing shear rate under direct current electric fields, for
an electrorheological fluid composed of sulfonated poly(styrene-co-divinylbenzene) particles dispersed in silicone oil. At all shear rates, the shear stress under the electric field is larger
than that in the absence of the field, indicating that there is still some field-induced agglomeration of the particles. In
contrast, the behavior under alternating current electric fields is the Bingham-fluid-type response commonly observed with
electrorheological fluids. It is suggested that the conventional dipole–dipole interaction approach based on simplified microstructural
models would be unable to explain these phenomena.
Received: 27 November 2000 Accepted: 22 May 2001 相似文献
2.
Yoshio Toda Takashi Ohno Fumikazu Hatayama Hisashi Miyata 《Reaction Kinetics and Catalysis Letters》1998,65(2):213-217
The adsorption of pyridine on V2O5−WO3/ZrO2 has been studied by FTIR. In V2O5/ZrO2 (2 wt.%), the number of both Br?nsted and Lewis acidic sites increased with the addition of WO3, while in V2O5/ZrO2 (5 wt.%), Br?nsted sites increased and Lewis sites did not change. 相似文献
3.
The problem of constructing a maximal t-linearly independent set in V(r; s) (called a maximal Lt(r, s)-set in this paper) is a very important one (called a packing problem) concerning a fractional factorial design and an error correcting code where V(r; s) is an r-dimensional vector space over a Galois field GF(s) and s is a prime or a prime power. But it is very difficult to solve it and attempts made by several research workers have been successful only in special cases.In this paper, we introduce the concept of a {Σα=1kwα, m; t, s}-min · hyper with weight (w1, w2,…, wk) and using this concept and the structure of a finite projective geometry PG(n ? 1, s), we shall give a geometrical method of constructing a maximal Lt(t + r, s)-set with length t + r + n for any integers r, n, and s such that n ? 3, n ? 1 ? r0 ? n + s ? 2 and r1 ? 1, where r = (r1 + 1)vn?1 ? r0 and . 相似文献
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Terao K Shimizu K Miyanishi N Shimamoto S Suzuki T Takao H Oohira F 《The Analyst》2012,137(9):2192-2198
We propose a novel surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensor chip with a microfabricated slit array. The microslit excludes micrometre-size objects larger than its slit size from the SPR sensing area, so that it functions as an in situ filter. We demonstrated the sensing of microparticles of different diameters using the chip, and the results show a successful size-exclusion effect. As a demonstration of the biological application, we performed the detection of aggregation and disaggregation of biological particles using sugar-chain-immobilized gold nanoparticles as a test sample. 相似文献
7.
Yoshio Toda Takashi Ohno Fumikazu Hatayama Hisashi Miyata 《Reaction Kinetics and Catalysis Letters》2000,71(1):159-164
Acidity and structure of Ca-doped V2O5/ZrO2 catalysts have been studied by FTIR. Both Lewis and Brønsted acidity decreased with Ca loading. New surface vanadate species seemed to be formed by Ca addition. 相似文献
8.
R. Katoh Y. Tasaka E. Sekreta M. Yumura F. Ikazaki Y. Kakudate S. Fujiwara 《Ultrasonics sonochemistry》1999,6(4):252
Sonochemical production of a carbon nanotube has been studied. The carbon nanotube is produced by applying ultrasound to liquid chlorobenzene with ZnCl2 particles and to o-dichlorobenzene with ZnCl2 and Zn particles. It is considered that the polymer and the disordered carbon, which are formed by cavitational collapse in homogeneous liquid, are annealed by the inter-particle collision induced by the turbulent flow and shockwaves. 相似文献
9.
Yuta Kamiya Fumikazu Ikemori 《International journal of environmental analytical chemistry》2015,95(12):1157-1168
Chlorinated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (ClPAHs) have been discovered to represent ubiquitous environmental pollutants in the last decade. In the present study, sample pre-treatment and ionisation conditions associated with the gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis of ClPAHs were evaluated. The optimal pre-treatment of ambient air particulate samples was achieved using fractionation over silica gel with 10% dichloromethane in n-hexane as the eluent. The optimised condition of GC/MS with electron impact ionisation permitted analysis of all target ClPAHs. Not all target ClPAHs were detected using GC/MS with negative chemical ionisation, although this technique exhibited greater sensitivity for several of the compounds compared to electron impact ionisation. The analytical method was applied to the survey of ClPAHs in atmospheric particulate matter obtained close to an industrial site and in a standard sample of tunnel dust. Fourteen and eighteen species of ClPAHs were detected in the industrial air samples and tunnel dust, respectively, confirming the capability of the method. The compositions of ClPAHs were significantly different between air samples and tunnel dust. It suggests that alternative emission sources rather than vehicle exhaust could play a significant role in the air. 相似文献
10.
Cl(2P(3/2)) and Cl*(2P(1/2)) atoms produced from the photodissociation of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and chlorinated hydrocarbons at 193.3 nm have been detected quantitatively by a technique of vacuum ultraviolet laser-induced fluorescence (VUV-LIF) spectroscopy at 135.2 and 134.7 nm for j = 1/2 and 3/2, respectively. The quantum yields for total Cl-atom formation in the 193.3 nm photolysis at 295 +/- 2 K have been determined to be 1.03 +/- 0.09, 1.01 +/- 0.08, 1.03 +/- 0.08, 1.03 +/- 0.10, 1.41 +/- 0.14, 1.02 +/- 0.08, and 0.98 +/- 0.08 for CF2Cl2, CFCl3, CH2Cl2, CHCl3, CCl4, CHFCl2, and CCl3CF3, respectively. Those results suggest that the single C-Cl bond rupture always occurs in the photolysis of these molecules except for CCl4. Formation of two Cl atoms partly takes place in the photodissociation of CCl4. The quantum yields for total Cl-atom formation in the 193.3 nm photolysis of CHBr2Cl and CHBrClCF3 are 0.27 +/- 0.02 and 0.28 +/- 0.02, respectively, which suggests that the C-Br bond rupture is a main channel in the photodissociation processes. The branching ratios between the spin-orbit states, Cl*(2P(1/2)) and Cl(2P(3/2)), have also been determined for the photodissociation of the chlorinated compounds at 193.3 nm. The UV photodissociation processes giving rise to formation of Cl(2P(j)) atoms from the chlorinated compounds studied here have been discussed. 相似文献