Synthesis and Reactions of Some New Pyrrolylfuro[2,3‐d]Pyrimidines and Pyrrolopyrazinofuropyrimidines

5‐Amino‐4‐methyl‐2‐phenyl‐6‐substitutedfuro[2,3‐d]pyrimidines ( 2a‐c ) were reacted with 2,5‐dimethoxytetrahydrfuran to afford the pyrrolyl derivatives 3a‐c . Compound 3a was chosen as intermediate for the synthesis of poly fused heterocycles incorporated furopyrimidines moiety 4–11 . Some of the synthesized compounds were screened for their antibacterial and antifungal activities.     

Thermal analysis and synthesis of pentazinc hexahydroxide dicarbonate: Investigations by thermogravimetry,thermo molecular beam analysis and x-ray measurements

A combination of thermobalance and X-ray camera is described which allows simultaneous thermogravimetric (TG) and X-ray measurements under high vacuum. During these measurements the sample is positioned in the sample holder of the camera in the usual fashion and is X-raved while the temperature is varied. The molecular beam of the gaseous decomposition products flows through a connecting tube which acts as a molecular beam former between camera and thermobalance. The molecular beam is directed towards the empty balance pan. The orifice through which the beam exits as well as the pan have special shapes that allow transfer of the angular momentum of the decomposition beam to the balance. The exerted force is a function of time and corresponds to the first derivative of the TG curve. i.e. to the DTG curve. The integrated curve is directly proportional to the change in mass of the probe. A quantitative evaluation is possible if the molecular composition of the beam is known. The calibration of the molecular beam and the evaluation of the measurements will be discussed. The results show that simultaneous detection of X-ray scattering and indirect TG curves allows a better interpretation of decomposition reactions.An additional investigation shows that thermal synthesis of chemical com- pounds can also be studied by thermogravimetry. Based on the same compound as described in the analysis. the pyrosynthesis is demonstrated. The special instrumentation and the test conditions are discussed.     

On the Discrete Hardy Inequality

Necessary and sufficient conditions for the boundedness of thediscrete Hardy operator of the form , from to when 0 < q < 1 <p , is given.     

An unprecedented type of migratory insertion reactions of unsaturated C3 units into Rh-O and Rh-C bonds

A series of iodo- and hydroxorhodium(I) complexes of the general composition trans-[RhX(=C=C=CRR')(PiPr3)2] (X = I: 5-7; X = OH: 8-11) was prepared from the related chlororhodium(I) precursors. The hydroxo compounds behave as organometallic Br?nsted bases and react with acids like MeCO2H, PhCO2H, PhOH, or TsOH by elimination of water to give the substitution products trans-[RhX'(=C=C=CRR')(PiPr3)2] (X' = MeCO2: 12, 13; X' = PhCO2: 14; X' = PhO: 15, 16; X' = TsO: 17, 18) in good to excellent yields. In contrast to the tosylates 17, 18, which react with CO by cleavage of the allenylidene-metal bond to give trans-[Rh(OTs)(CO)(PiPr3)2] (19), treatment of the acetato and phenolato derivatives 12, 13 and 15, 16 with CO affords by migratory insertion of the allenylidene unit into the Rh-O bond the alkynyl complexes trans-[Rh[C(triple bond)CCR(R')X'](CO)(PiPr3)2] (X' = MeCO2: 20, 21; X' = OPh: 22, 23). Similarly, the reactions of the hydroxo compounds 8, 10, and 11 with CH2(CN)2 and either CO or CNMe yield the carbonyl and the isocyanide complexes trans-[Rh[C(triple bond)CCR(R')CH(CN)2](L')(PiPr3)2] (L' = CO: 25-27; L' = CNMe: 28-30), respectively. By protolytic cleavage of the Rh-C sigma bond the gamma-functionalized alkynes HC(triple bond)CCR(R')CH(CN)2 (31, 32) are generated from 25, 26 and HCl in benzene. The molecular structure of 22 was determined by X-ray crystallography.     

Bestimmung des Metabolismus und der Produktionsrate von Testosteron, Dehydroepiandrosteron und Dehydroepiandrosteronsulfat

Zusammenfassung Nach i.v. Injektion von 4–6 Ci¹⁴C-Testosteron und 7–8 Ci³H-Androstendion oder entsprechenden Mengen¹⁴C-Dehydroepiandrosteron und³H-Dehydroepiandrosteronsulfat wurden die Glucuronide von Testosteron, Androsteron, Ätiocholanolon und Dehydroepiandrosteron sowie Dehydroepiandrosteronsulfat säulen- (Al₂O₃), papier- (Bush A₂) und dünnschicht-chromatographisch (Chloroform/Äthylacetat 41) aus Urin abgetrennt und gas-chromatographisch (1% XE-60, Flammenionisationsdetektor) bestimmt. Nach splitting des Trägergases und Kondensation der gasförmigen Steroide in einem wattegefüllten Glasröhrchen eines Gasfraktionskollektors wurde die¹⁴C- und³H-Aktivität der einzelnen Androgenmetaboliten mit einem Müssigkeitsszintillationszähler gemessen und aus der spezifischen Aktivität (Impulse/Mikrogramm) die Produktions- und Interkonversionsraten von Testosteron, DHEA und DHEA-Sulfat berechnet.

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Determination of the metabolism and production rates androstendione of testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone, and dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate

After the i.v. application of 4–6 Ci¹⁴C-testosterone and 7–8 Ci³H-androstendione or equivalent dosages of tritium dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate and dehydroepiandrosterone the gluouronides of testosterone, etiocholanolone, androsterone and dehydroepiandrosterone and dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate were separated from urine by column (Al₂O₃), paper (system Bush A₂) and thin-layer (chloroform:ethylacetate=41) chromatography. After a final gas-liquid chromatography on 1% XE-60 the androgen metabolites were estimated quantitatively by flame-ionisation detector. The radioactivity (³H and¹⁴C impulses) of the compounds was measured after splitting the carrier gas and condensation of the steroids in a gas-fraction collector. From the specific activity (Imp/g) the production and interconversion rates of testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone and dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate were calculated.

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Die Arbeit wurde mit Mitteln des Bundesministeriums für Wissenschaftliche Forschung gefördert.     

Explicit Construction of Supercharges of Supersymmetric Nonlinear Sigma Models in 1 + 1 Spacetime Dimensions

Considering the N = 1 supersymmetry transformations of supersymmetric nonlinear sigma models in 1 + 1 dimensions we construct explicitly conserved Noether currents associated with supersymmetry transformations and derive the associated conserved charges in terms of the basic fields. We compare this result with superspace calculations. Finally we review the connection between extended supersymmetry and the geometry of the target space and derive an explicit form of the supercharges for extended supersymmetry.     

A molecular dynamics method for simulations in the canonical ensemble

A molecular dynamics simulation method which can generate configurations belonging to the canonical (T, V, N) ensemble or the constant temperature constant pressure (T, P, N) ensemble, is proposed. The physical system of interest consists of N particles (f degrees of freedom), to which an external, macroscopic variable and its conjugate momentum are added. This device allows the total energy of the physical system to fluctuate. The equilibrium distribution of the energy coincides with the canonical distribution both in momentum and in coordinate space. The method is tested for an atomic fluid (Ar) and works well.