Structural and electrical properties of crystalline (1−x)Ta2O5−xTiO2 thin films fabricated by metalorganic decomposition

Polycrystalline (1−x)Ta₂O₅−xTiO₂ thin films were formed on Si by metalorganic decomposition (MOD) and annealed at various temperatures. As-deposited films were in the amorphous state and were completely transformed to crystalline after annealing above 600 °C. During crystallization, a thin interfacial SiO₂ layer was formed at the (1−x)Ta₂O₅−xTiO₂/Si interface. Thin films with 0.92Ta₂O₅–0.08TiO₂ composition exhibited superior insulating properties. The measured dielectric constant and dissipation factor at 1 MHz were 9 and 0.015, respectively, for films annealed at 900 °C. The interface trap density was 2.5×10¹¹ cm⁻² eV⁻¹, and flatband voltage was −0.38 V. A charge storage density of 22.8 fC/μm² was obtained at an applied electric field of 3 MV/cm. The leakage current density was lower than 4×10⁻⁹ A/cm² up to an applied electric field of 6 MV/cm.     

Host-guest complexation effect of 2,3,6-tri-O-methyl-β-cyclodextrin on a C60-porphyrin light-to-photocurrent conversion system

In a light-to-photocurrent conversion system based on a C₆₀-porphyrin bilayer prepared by electrostatic alternate adsorption, porphyrin units in a porphyrin polymer have been isolated by cyclodextrin utilizing the host-guest interaction. In this system, a high quantum yield was achieved by suppression of self-quenching of porphyrin units.     

Thermodynamic Insight into the Origin of a Calix[n]arene-[60]fullerene Interaction and its Application to a Porphyrin-[60]fullerene Energy Transfer System

The calixarene-fullerene interaction,which causes only a slight change in the absorptionspectra, has been substantiated by calorimetricmeasurements: the H° values arecomparable with those obtained from the associationconstants estimated by a spectroscopic method. Furthermore, we determined the association constantbetween homooxacalix[3]arene and [60]fullerenederivatives with a porphyrin moiety by fluorescencespectra.     

Novel synthesis of macrocycles with 1,1′-binaphthalene-2,2′-diol using intramolecular oxidative coupling

A new series of BINOL-based macrocycles with two phenolic protons have been synthesized via oxidative coupling reaction using CuCl(OH)-TMEDA.     

Synthesis of 4,5-diaminopyrrolo[1,2-a]quinoline derivatives by annulation of N,N-dialkyl[2-(pyrrol-1-yl)benzylidene]ammonium salts in the presence of an isocyanide

A facile synthetic method for 4,5-diaminopyrrolo[1,2-a]quinoline derivatives has been developed. Treatment of 2-(pyrrol-1-yl)benzaldehydes with secondary amine hydrochloride/NaI/TMSCl/Et₃N in the presence of an isocyano compound leads to the formation of 4-alkyl(or aryl)amino-5-dialkylaminopyrrolo[1,2-a]quinolines.     

Chiral β-dimethylaminoalkylphosphines. Highly efficient ligands for a nickel complex catalyzed asymmetric grignard cross-coupling reaction

Chiral β-dimethylaminoalkylphosphines were prepared starting with amino acids, (S)-alanine, (S)-phenylalanine, (R)-phenylglycine, (S)-valine, and (R)-tert-leucine. The chiral phosphines were found to be highly efficient ligands for a nickel catalyzed asymmetric Grignard cross-coupling reaction (38～94% optical yield).     

Evaluation and application of liquid chromatographic columns coated with 'intelligent' ligands: (I) acylcarnitine column

Unique stationary phases of octadecylsilica (ODS) coated with acylcarnitines have been developed for liquid chromatographic columns. The ODS column coated with acylcarnitine was readily prepared by recycling the solution containing acylcarnitine through an ODS column in a closed loop. Acylcarnitine was adsorbed on the ODS surfaces by hydrophobic interaction between the acyl group of acylcarnitine and the octadecyl group of the ODS phases. The ODS column coated with stearoylcarnitine (CN-18 column) was the most stable among the four columns coated with acylcarnitines of various acyl chain lengths (decanoylcarnitine, lauroylcarnitine, myristoylcarnitine, and stearoylcarnitine) under the condition of delivery of the mobile phase, indicating that adsorption of acylcarnitine on the ODS surfaces depended on the length of acyl chains. The CN-18 column was usable for delivering the mobile phase contained less than 20% (v/v) acetonitrile, retaining almost the same separation efficiency as the intact ODS column. The retention behavior of ionic solutes on the CN-18 column could be explained by both ionic and electrostatic interactions between the solutes and the stationary phase. The CN-18 column enabled efficient separation of inorganic anions, nicotinic acids, amino acids, and nucleotides. The chiral ODS column coated with enantiomer of stearoylcarnitine, L-stearoylcarnitine (L-CN-18 column) could achieve direct enantiomeric separation of DL-tryptophan, alpha-methyl-DL-tryptophan and DL-3-indolelactic acid using 100% water as the mobile phase. The L-CN-18 column could also separate enantiomers of amino acids and alpha-hydroxycarboxylic acids by ligand-exchange chromatographic mode using a mobile phase containing copper(II) ion. The chiral recognition is discussed for enantiomeric separation on the L-CN-18 column.     

Large-scale separation of metallic and semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes

In the applications of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs), it is extremely important to separate semiconducting and metallic SWNTs. Although several methods have been reported for the separation, only low yields have been achieved at great expense. We show a separation method involving a dispersion-centrifugation process in a tetrahydrofuran solution of amine, which makes metallic SWNTs highly concentrated to 87% in a simple way.