全文获取类型
收费全文 | 1368篇 |
免费 | 54篇 |
国内免费 | 8篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 969篇 |
晶体学 | 13篇 |
力学 | 37篇 |
数学 | 226篇 |
物理学 | 185篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 14篇 |
2022年 | 34篇 |
2021年 | 26篇 |
2020年 | 19篇 |
2019年 | 23篇 |
2018年 | 27篇 |
2017年 | 15篇 |
2016年 | 51篇 |
2015年 | 63篇 |
2014年 | 51篇 |
2013年 | 65篇 |
2012年 | 109篇 |
2011年 | 117篇 |
2010年 | 72篇 |
2009年 | 52篇 |
2008年 | 82篇 |
2007年 | 85篇 |
2006年 | 87篇 |
2005年 | 59篇 |
2004年 | 48篇 |
2003年 | 45篇 |
2002年 | 37篇 |
2001年 | 13篇 |
2000年 | 17篇 |
1999年 | 8篇 |
1998年 | 8篇 |
1997年 | 13篇 |
1996年 | 16篇 |
1995年 | 5篇 |
1994年 | 7篇 |
1993年 | 6篇 |
1992年 | 7篇 |
1991年 | 3篇 |
1990年 | 7篇 |
1989年 | 5篇 |
1988年 | 9篇 |
1987年 | 11篇 |
1986年 | 4篇 |
1985年 | 7篇 |
1984年 | 5篇 |
1982年 | 6篇 |
1977年 | 5篇 |
1974年 | 4篇 |
1961年 | 4篇 |
1890年 | 7篇 |
1885年 | 4篇 |
1882年 | 5篇 |
1879年 | 3篇 |
1873年 | 2篇 |
1863年 | 2篇 |
排序方式: 共有1430条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
2.
Jayanth R. Banavar Oscar Gonzalez John H. Maddocks Amos Maritan 《Journal of statistical physics》2003,110(1-2):35-50
Physical strands or sheets that can be modelled as curves or surfaces embedded in three dimensions are ubiquitous in nature, and are of fundamental importance in mathematics, physics, biology, and engineering. Often the physical interpretation dictates that self-avoidance should be enforced in the continuum model, i.e., finite energy configurations should not self-intersect. Current continuum models with self-avoidance frequently employ pairwise repulsive potentials, which are of necessity singular. Moreover the potentials do not have an intrinsic length scale appropriate for modelling the finite thickness of the physical systems. Here we develop a framework for modelling self-avoiding strands and sheets which avoids singularities, and which provides a way to introduce a thickness length scale. In our approach pairwise interaction potentials are replaced by many-body potentials involving three or more points, and the radii of certain associated circles or spheres. Self-interaction energies based on these many-body potentials can be used to describe the statistical mechanics of self-interacting strands and sheets of finite thickness. 相似文献
3.
Models, describing relativistic particles, where Lagrangian densities depend linearly on both the curvature and the torsion of the trajectories, are revisited in D=3 space forms. The moduli spaces of trajectories are completely and explicitly determined using the Lancret program. The moduli subspaces of closed solitons in the three sphere are also determined. 相似文献
4.
A scheme for vehicle density and velocity estimation in a stretch of highway based on a modified cell transmission model [C.
F. Daganzo, Transportation Research, Part B, 28B(4),269–287, 1994. Elsevier is presented. The scheme is intended for use with on-ramp metering control algorithms, providing
local knowledge of densities and velocities that is helpful to improve on-ramp metering control performance. Estimation of
density is obtained by nonlinear estimators, while velocity estimation is obtained by gradient algorithms. There is one density–velocity
estimator for free traffic flow and other for congested traffic flow. Both estimator schemes work in parallel. The final estimation
of density and velocity results from a convex combination of the predictions of the two estimators. This combination depends
on occupancy or density measurements at the boundaries of the stretch and is produced by a fuzzy inference system. Stability
and convergence of the density and velocity estimation scheme is proved by Lyapunov based techniques. Simulation results comparing
measured and estimated traffic data are presented. They confirm good performance of the estimators.
Research sponsored by grants UNAM PAPIIT IN110403 and CONACYT 47583. 相似文献
5.
Inés CarrancoJosé Luis D?&#x;az Oscar JiménezRodolfo Lavilla 《Tetrahedron letters》2003,44(46):8449-8452
The Lewis acid-catalyzed interaction of dihydropyridines with ethyl glyoxalate and primary aliphatic amines yields, depending on the reaction conditions, bicyclic aminals or rearranged tetrahydropyridines in one-pot multicomponent reactions. 相似文献
6.
Let be a bounded, connected linearly convex set in with boundary. We show that the maximal ideal (both in ) and ) consisting of all functions vanishing at is generated by the coordinate functions .
Received: 2 July 2001; in final form: 26 September 2001 / Published online: 28 February 2002 相似文献
7.
Christo I. Ivanov Nikolai Tyutyulkov Gottfried Olbrich H. Barentzen Oscar E. Polansky 《Theoretical chemistry accounts》1988,73(1):27-42
Utilizing an extended Hubbard-type Hamiltonian which incorporates both nearest-neighbour Coulomb repulsion and exchange interactions, we have studied the energy dispersion of the lowest elementary excitation from the ferromagnetically aligned state of quasi one-dimensional alternant hydrocarbon networks. It was found that the main effect of the long range Coulomb interaction may be thought of as a renormalization (screening) of the on-site Hubbard integral. This implies an enhancement of the kinetic exchange term and impairs the stability of the ferromagnetic state towards single spin inversions. However, for physically relevant values of the parameters entering the model Hamiltonian, the collective spin excitation represents a magnon, whose energy band lies above the reference value pertaining to the magnetically saturated configuration.Dedicated to Prof. Dr. Adolf Neckel on the occasion of his 60th birthday 相似文献
8.
Tutusaus O Viñas C Núñez R Teixidor F Demonceau A Delfosse S Noels AF Mata I Molins E 《Journal of the American Chemical Society》2003,125(39):11830-11831
exo-Cluster dicarbollides substitution has allowed tuning of the E degrees (Ru(II)/Ru(III)) potential to obtain the best-performing Kharasch catalyst. We postulate that this is possible through the to-and-fro electron movement between the boron cluster and the sulfonium moieties. 相似文献
9.
Borasio M Rodríguez de la Fuente O Rupprechter G Freund HJ 《The journal of physical chemistry. B》2005,109(38):17791-17794
Methanol decomposition and oxidation on Pd(111) at millibar pressure were studied by in situ polarization-modulation infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy (PM-IRAS), on-line gas chromatography and pre- and postreaction X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Various dehydrogenation products such as methoxy CH3O, formaldehyde CH2O, formyl CHO, and CO could be spectroscopically identified. Methanol oxidation proceeds via dehydrogenation to formaldehyde CH2O, which either desorbs or is further dehydrogenated to CO, which is subsequently oxidized to CO2. Carbonaceous overlayers that are present during the reaction may favorably affect the selectivity toward CH2O. The reaction takes place on metallic Pd, and no indications of an involvement of Pd surface oxide were observed. 相似文献
10.
Oscar H. Will III Natalie A. Newland Kaylan L. Blelville 《Photochemistry and photobiology》1985,41(3):283-287
Abstract— Exposure of variously pigmented strains of Ustilago violacea to high intensity incandescent radiation resulted in the generation of three types of survival curves. High carotene, low cytochrome c containing strains of U. violacea were generally characterized by linear type I survival curves with slopes approximately equal to zero. Strains which lacked carotenes were characterized by exponential decay type II survival curves. A third survival curve, type III was observed with carotene accumulating strains which also contained large amounts of cytochrome c. The type III curves are characterized by an initial loss of viability, similar to the type II curves, followed by a recovery period, with eventual stability in survival. The survival curve type appears to be dependent on the relative mg quantities of cytochrome c and carotenes in the cells. Strains with carotene/cytochromec ratios of0–1 × 10-1 ,3–15× 10-1 and l6 × 10-1 and above had type II, type III and type I survival curves, respectively. 相似文献