A study of ion exchange selectivity coefficient by cyclic voltammetric measurement

An equation to express ion exchange selectivity coefficient was derived and used for calculating that of PPY film with the results obtained by cyclic voltammetric measurement. PPY film was synthesized by electrochemical method in aqueous solution using K₄Fe(CN)₆ as supporting electrolyte, and the anions were doped into the film. Ion exchange behaviour of doped Fe (CN)₆^3-/4- in the PPY film with Cl^?, NO₃^? or F^? ions in solution has been studied, and the corresponding ion exchange selectivity coefficients were determined.     

多项式理想准素分解的算法

讨论了多项式理想准素分解的算法,对于理想坐标变换中关键的“一般位置”的计算,给出了一个确定算法,并建立了特别规范Groebner基的概念,利用这一概念及文中提供的相应算法,可以方便地计算理想的维数,进而使用降维的方法来得到高维理想的准素分解。     

Bis[μ‐1‐(1,10‐phenanthrolin‐2‐yl)‐2‐pyridone]bis{aqua[1‐(1,10‐phenanthrolin‐2‐yl)‐2‐pyridone]cadmium(II)} tetrakis(perchlorate)

In the title centrosymmetric binuclear complex, [Cd₂(C₁₇H₁₁N₃O)₄(H₂O)₂](ClO₄)₄, the Cd^II ion assumes a distorted octahedral geometry. There are π–π stacking interactions between the pyridine and 1,10‐phenanthroline ring systems of adjacent ligands at the same Cd^II centre. Intermolecular hydrogen bonds between the coordinated aqua ligand and the O atom of a keto group connect adjacent complex cations into extended chains. Hydrogen bonds also exist between the complex cations and the perchlorate anions. Compared with the fluorescence spectrum of the organic ligand, the complex displays strong fluorescent emission and an ipsochromic shift of the emission peaks, which may be attributed to the structural character.     

Simultaneous determination of trace cadmium and mercury in Chinese herbal medicine by non-dispersive atomic fluorescence spectrometry using intermittent flow vapor generator.

A method was proposed for the simultaneous determination of trace cadmium and mercury by vapor generation non-dispersive atomic fluorescence spectrometry using an intermittent flow system. The effects of the parameters on the performance were studied systematically. The parameters such as acid concentration of the reaction medium, flow rate of the carrier gas and shield gas, the observation height and the atomizer temperature, etc. which affected the sensitivity, were optimized. Ascorbic acid, cobalt ion and thiourea were used as enhancement reagents or masking agents to enhance the generation efficiency of the volatile species of Cd and Hg. The mechanisms of their effects on vapor generation were investigated. In the presence of thiourea and ascorbic acid, the influences of some coexisting elements on the determination of cadmium and mercury were investigated. The detection limits (3sigma) were 0.010 microg l(-1) for Cd and 0.019 microg l(-1) for Hg, respectively. The relative standard deviations for Cd and Hg at 1.00 microg l(-1) were 2.6% and 0.97% (n = 11), respectively. The proposed method has been satisfactorily applied to the determination of trace cadmium and mercury in Chinese herbal medicine.     

A theory of coupled diffusion and large deformation in polymeric gels

A large quantity of small molecules may migrate into a network of long polymers, causing the network to swell, forming an aggregate known as a polymeric gel. This paper formulates a theory of the coupled mass transport and large deformation. The free energy of the gel results from two molecular processes: stretching the network and mixing the network with the small molecules. Both the small molecules and the long polymers are taken to be incompressible, a constraint that we enforce by using a Lagrange multiplier, which coincides with the osmosis pressure or the swelling stress. The gel can undergo large deformation of two modes. The first mode results from the fast process of local rearrangement of molecules, allowing the gel to change shape but not volume. The second mode results from the slow process of long-range migration of the small molecules, allowing the gel to change both shape and volume. We assume that the local rearrangement is instantaneous, and model the long-range migration by assuming that the small molecules diffuse inside the gel. The theory is illustrated with a layer of a gel constrained in its plane and subject to a weight in the normal direction. We also predict the scaling behavior of a gel under a conical indenter.     

Simultaneous Determination of Six Immunosuppressants in Human Whole Blood by HPLC-MS/MS Using a Modified QuEChERS Method

A high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method was established for the simultaneous determination of mycophenolic acid, mycophenolate mofetil, tacrolimus, rapamycin, everolimus and pimecrolimus in human whole blood by optimizing the QuEChERS (Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged, and Safe) preparation method. Whole blood was extracted into ethyl acetate, salted out with anhydrous magnesium sulfate, and purified with ethylenediamine-N-propyl silane adsorbent. The supernatant was evaporated under nitrogen until dry and finally reconstituted in methanol. Chromatographic separation was performed on an Agilent Poroshell 120 EC-C18 column in methanol (mobile phase A)-water (optimized for 0.1% acetic acid and 10 mM ammonium acetate, mobile phase B) at a 0.3 mL·min⁻¹ flow rate. Electrospray ionization and positive ion multiple reaction monitoring were used for detection. The time for of analysis was 13 min. The calibration curves range of tacrolimus, rapamycin, everolimus and pimecrolimus were in the range of 1–100 ng·mL⁻¹, mycophenolate mofetil in the range of 0.1–10 ng·mL⁻¹ and mycophenolic acid at 10–1000 ng·mL⁻¹. All correlation coefficients were >0.993. The coefficients of variation (CV, %) for inter-day and intra-day precision were less than 10%, while the spiked recoveries were in the range of 92.1% to 116%. Our method was rapid, sensitive, specific, and reproducible for the simultaneous determination of six immunosuppressants in human whole blood. Importantly, our approach can be used to monitor drug concentrations in the blood to facilitate disease treatment.     

香花石形态所反映的一种可能的孪晶结构

香花石是我国发现的第一个新矿物,它的形态非常复杂.本文基于香花石形态上出现了左形与右形相聚的现象,对香花石形态进行了重新思考,认为同一单形的左形与右形不能相聚形成单晶体,只能形成孪晶,因此,对原香花石晶体图进行了一些修正,认为原香花石晶体图可能是一个孪晶图.这对深入认识晶体形态及晶体对称理论、澄清长期以来人们并没有足够重视的一些基本概念有重要意义.     

ISOVALEROYL OXOKADSURANE,A NOVEL DIBENZOCYCLOOCTADIENE LIGNAN POSSESSING A SPIROBENZOPURANOID SKELETON

Isovaleroyl oxokadsurane, a novel dibenzocyclooctadiene lignan pos-sessing a spirobenzofuranoid skeleton was isolated from the stems of Kadsura coccinea.Its structure and relative configuration were determined by X-ray diffraction analysis.     

高效液相色谱法同时测定生物质乳酸发酵液中有机酸及糖类化合物

建立了高效液相色谱(HPLC)同时测定生物质乳酸发酵液中有机酸及糖类的分析方法。使用Bio-Rad Aminex HPX-87H色谱柱,以5 mmol/L的H2SO4为流动相,在柱温55 ℃,流速0.6 mL/min条件下,采用示差折光检测器进行检测。结果表明,该方法可在17 min内实现发酵液中各种有机酸和糖类化合物等的完全分离与定量,6种有机酸和3种糖类化合物在0.15～5.19 g/L范围内的线性关系良好,回归方程的线性相关系数在0.9998以上。将该法用于米根霉发酵液的检测,两个水平的加标回收率为96.91%～103.11%,相对标准偏差(n=6)为0.81%～4.61%。该法适用于微生物发酵液中多种有机酸和糖类的快速、高效分离和定量测定。