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排序方式: 共有89条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
J Kucera B Smodis K Burns P De Regge M Campbell V Havránek M Makarewicz A Toervenyi E Zeiller 《Fresenius' Journal of Analytical Chemistry》2001,370(2-3):229-233
Several sets of reference air filters were prepared as part of an IAEA evaluation of the performance of laboratories involved in air-pollution studies. Each set comprised three polycarbonate membrane filters, two of which were loaded with urban air particulate matter (APM) obtained in Vienna or Prague, and one unloaded filter. The filters were loaded by filtration of a suspension of the APM materials in water. The homogeneity both of bulk APM materials and of the loaded filters was evaluated and found suitable by determining several elements by instrumental neutron-activation analysis (INAA), proton-induced X-ray emission (PIXE), and micro-X-ray energy-dispersive fluorescence analysis (micro-EDXRF). After evaluation of the homogeneity, INAA, PIXE, EDXRF, atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS), inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES), and ICP mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) were used to characterize the filter materials and establish "target values" and their associated standard deviations for 15 elements. Problems encountered during the preparation of these unique, simulated air filters and the criteria for setting both the target values and standard deviations are presented. 相似文献
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Summary The classical moving boundary problem for the planar freezing of a semi-infinite saturated liquid with Newton cooling at the wall is well known not to admit an exact solution. Existing perturbation solutions are valid only when the Stefan number is large. Further, since the implementation of the Newton cooling condition involves the step size, numerical solutions are only accurate if extremely small sizes are taken which involves large computing times. Here two new approximate analytic solutions are obtained, the first is an initial or starting solution while the second is valid for subsequent times. In the limit of large Stefan number the pseudo-steady state and first order corrected motions arise from both approximations. Further, in the limit of no Newton cooling at the wall the large time solution gives rise to precisely the well known Stefan or Neumann solution. The validity of the approximations is illustrated numerically with reference to previous work and known upper and lower bounds.
Zusammenfassung Das klassische Problem der Bestimmung der variablen Grenze beim Gefrieren eines halbunendlich gesättigten Fluids mit Newton-Kühlung an der Wand besitzt bekanntlich keine geschlossene Lösung. Näherungslösungen sind nur für große Stefan-Zahlen bekannt. Bei Newton Kühlung erfordern die gängigen numerischen Methoden eine Schrittweite, die so klein ist, daß genaue Resultate große Rechenzeiten erfordern. Hier werden zwei Näherungslösungen konstruiert, die eine für kleine und die andere für große Zeiten. Im Fall einer großen Stefan-Zahl erhalten wir mit beiden Lösungen einen pseudostationären Zustand mit Korrekturen erster Ordnung. Der Grenzfall der verschwindenden Newton-Kühlung ergibt genau die bekannte Stefan-oder Neumann-Lösung. Im allgemeinen Fall wird die Gültigkeit der Näherung durch Vergleich mit Resultaten früherer Arbeiten sowie mit bekannten oberen und unteren Schranken verifiziert.相似文献
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Kucera R Zizkovský V Sochor J Klimes J Dohnal J 《Journal of separation science》2005,28(12):1307-1314
Zirconia-based stationary phases represent an interesting alternative to silica-based materials. Two zirconia-based stationary phases were studied as an option for use in drug analysis. The different properties of zirconia material, distinct from RP silica-columns, were employed for the development of a novel and rapid stability monitoring HPLC method. This method enables simultaneous control of possible degradation processes of active substance (ibuprofen) as well as antimicrobial excipients (methyl-and propylparaben). The separation of ibuprofen, its two main degradation products 2-(4-isobutyrylphenyl)propionic acid and 4-isobutylacetophenone, parabens, and 4-hydroxybenzoic acid as their degradation product was successfully accomplished on a Zr-CarbonC18 column using a mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile-phosphate buffer (pH 4.8)-propan-2-ol (27:56:17, v/v/v). Detection was performed at 258 nm and the analysis was completed within 17 minutes. 相似文献
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An improved route to dydlic acyclic acylsilanes, involving the synthesis of intermediate disubitituted spirodithianes and their hydrolysis, is described. 相似文献
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A simple and sensitive liquid chromatography (LC) method was developed for the simultaneous determination of eight quinolones in pig plasma samples. The following two methods of detection were used: ultraviolet (UV) and mass spectrometry with electrospray ionization (ESI/MS). Sample preparation consisted of solid-phase extraction (SPE) on Strata X cartridges prior to the analysis by LC/UV or LC/ESI/MS. The recovery, linearity, limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ), precision and accuracy of the method were evaluated using spiked pig plasma samples. The suitability of the method for pharmacokinetic studies was evaluated by determining the concentrations of enrofloxacin (ENR) and ciprofloxacin (CIP) also in pig plasma, after administration of 200mg of enrofloxacin per kilogram of fodder during 5 consecutive days. 相似文献
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Redesigning the DNA‐Targeted Chromophore in Platinum–Acridine Anticancer Agents: A Structure–Activity Relationship Study 下载免费PDF全文
Dr. Amanda J. Pickard Dr. Fang Liu Thomas F. Bartenstein Laura G. Haines Dr. Keith E. Levine Prof. Gregory L. Kucera Prof. Ulrich Bierbach 《Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2014,20(49):16174-16187
Platinum–acridine hybrid agents show low‐nanomolar potency in chemoresistant non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), but high systemic toxicity in vivo. To reduce the promiscuous genotoxicity of these agents and improve their pharmacological properties, a modular build–click–screen approach was used to evaluate a small library of twenty hybrid agents containing truncated and extended chromophores of varying basicities. Selected derivatives were resynthesized and tested in five NSCLC cell lines representing large cell, squamous cell, and adenocarcinomas. 7‐Aminobenz[c]acridine was identified as a promising scaffold in a hybrid agent ( P1–B1 ) that maintained submicromolar activity in several of the DNA‐repair proficient and p53‐mutant cancer models, while showing improved tolerability in mice by 32‐fold compared to the parent platinum–acridine ( P1–A1 ). The distribution and DNA/RNA adduct levels produced by the acridine‐ and benz[c]acridine‐based analogues in NCI‐H460 cells (confocal microscopy, ICP‐MS), and their ability to bind G‐quadruplex forming DNA sequences (CD spectroscopy, HR‐ESMS) were studied. P1–B1 emerges as a less genotoxic, more tolerable, and potentially more target‐selective hybrid agent than P1–A1 . 相似文献
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Design of Enzymatically Cleavable Prodrugs of a Potent Platinum‐Containing Anticancer Agent 下载免费PDF全文
Song Ding Dr. Amanda J. Pickard Prof. Gregory L. Kucera Prof. Ulrich Bierbach 《Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2014,20(49):16164-16173
Using a versatile synthetic approach, a new class of potential ester prodrugs of highly potent, but systemically too toxic, platinum–acridine anticancer agents was generated. The new hybrids contain a hydroxyl group, which has been masked with a cleavable lipophilic acyl moiety. Both butanoic (butyric) and bulkier 2‐propanepentanoic (valproic) esters were introduced. The goals of this design were to improve the drug‐like properties (e.g., logD) and to reduce the systemic toxicity of the pharmacophore. Two distinct pathways by which the target compounds undergo effective ester hydrolysis, the proposed activating step, have been confirmed: platinum‐assisted, self‐immolative ester cleavage in a low‐chloride environment (LC‐ESMS, NMR spectroscopy) and enzymatic cleavage by human carboxylesterase‐2 (hCES‐2) (LC‐ESMS). The valproic acid ester derivatives are the first example of a metal‐containing agent cleavable by the prodrug‐converting enzyme. They show excellent chemical stability and reduced systemic toxicity. Preliminary results from screening in lung adenocarcinoma cell lines (A549, NCI‐H1435) suggest that the mechanism of the valproic esters may involve intracellular deesterification. 相似文献