Toughness mechanism in polypropylene composites: Polypropylene toughened with elastomer and calcium carbonate

Polypropylene (PP) was modified with elastomer or CaCO₃ particles of two different sizes (1 μm and 50 nm) in various volume fractions. The dispersion morphology and mechanical properties of the two systems were investigated as functions of the particle size and volume fraction of the modifier. The brittle‐to‐tough transition occurred when the matrix ligament thickness was less than the critical ligament thickness, which was about 0.1 μm for the PP used here, being independent of the type of modifier. At the same matrix ligament thickness, the improvement of the toughness was obviously higher with the elastomer rather than with CaCO₃, but adding CaCO₃ increased the modulus of PP. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 42: 1656–1662, 2004     

氢原子的固有电偶极矩

用经典力学和双波量子力学计算了氢原子的固有电偶极矩。双波量子理论算得的结果在经典极限下与经典力学的结果一致。普通量子力学对氢原子Stark效应中表现出来的电偶极矩难以做出很好的解释，因为一个波函数描述的是系综而不是单个粒子。经典力学和双波量子力学可描述单个粒子的行为，对永久电偶极矩的计算和解释显得自然而合理。     

Low-threshold interband cascade lasers operating above room temperature

Mid-IR type-II interband cascade lasers were demonstrated in pulsed mode at temperatures up to 325 K and in continuous mode up to 200 K. At 80 K, the threshold current density was 8.9 A/cm² and a continuous wave output power of 140 mW/facet was obtained.     

Synthesis of TiO2–SiO2/polymer core–shell microspheres with a microphase‐inversion method

A novel microphase‐inversion method was proposed for the preparation of TiO₂–SiO₂/poly(methyl methacrylate) core–shell nanocomposite particles. The inorganic–polymer nanocomposites were first synthesized via a free‐radical copolymerization in a tetrahydrofuran solution, and the poor solvent was added slowly to induce the microphase separation of the nanocomposite and result in the formation of nanoparticles. The average particle sizes of the microspheres ranged from 70 to 1000 nm, depending on the reaction conditions. Transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy indicated a core–shell morphology for the obtained microspheres. Thermogravimetric analysis and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements confirmed that the surface of the nanocomposite microspheres was polymer‐rich, and this was consistent with the core–shell morphology. The influence of the synthetic conditions, such as the inorganic composition and the content of the crosslinking monomer, on the particle properties was studied in detail. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 44: 3911–3920, 2006     

Palladium catalyzed synthesis of tertiary allylamines. Utilization of α-nitro olefins as allylic nitro compounds

Reaction of α-nitro olefins with secondary amines in the presence of palladium(O) catalyst affords allylic amines.     

Andrographolide Inhibits Biofilm and Virulence in Listeria monocytogenes as a Quorum-Sensing Inhibitor

Listeria monocytogenes is a major foodborne pathogen that can cause listeriosis in humans and animals. Andrographolide is known as a natural antibiotic and exhibits good antibacterial activity. We aimed to investigate the effect of andrographolide on two quorum-sensing (QS) systems, LuxS/AI-2 and Agr/AIP of L. monocytogenes, as well as QS-controlled phenotypes in this study. Our results showed that neither luxS expression nor AI-2 production was affected by andrographolide. Nevertheless, andrographolide significantly reduced the expression levels of the agr genes and the activity of the agr promoter P₂. Results from the crystal violet staining method, confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) demonstrated that andrographolide remarkably inhibited the biofilm-forming ability of L. monocytogenes 10403S. The preformed biofilms were eradicated when exposed to andrographolide, and reduced surviving cells were also observed in treated biofilms. L. monocytogenes treated with andrographolide exhibited decreased ability to secrete LLO and adhere to and invade Caco-2 cells. Therefore, andrographolide is a potential QS inhibitor by targeting the Agr QS system to reduce biofilm formation and virulence of L. monocytogenes.     

PTC: Full and Drift Particle Orbit Tracing Code for α Particles in Tokamak Plasmas

Fusion born α particle confinement is one of the most important issues in burning plasmas,such as ITER and CFETR.However,it is extremely complex due to the nonequilibrium characteristics,and multiple temporal and spatial scales coupling with background plasma.A numerical code using particle orbit tracing method(PTC)has been developed to study energetic particle confinement in tokamak plasmas.Both full orbit and drift orbit solvers are implemented to analyze the Larmor radius effects on α particle confinement.The elastic collisions between alpha particles and thermal plasma are calculated by a Monte Carlo method.A triangle mesh in poloidal section is generated for electromagnetic fields expression.Benchmark between PTC and ORBIT has been accomplished for verification.For CFETR burning plasmas,PTC code is used for α particle source and slowing down process calculation in 2D equilibrium.In future work,3D field like toroidal field ripples,Alfven and magnetohydrodynamics instabilities perturbation inducing α particle transport will be analyzed.     

Asymmetric synthesis of chromanone lactones via vinylogous conjugate addition of butenolide to 2-ester chromones

Chiral chromanone lactones are a class of natural products with important biological activity. We report a direct diastereo- and enantioselective vinylogous conjugate addition of butenolide to 2-ester substituted chromones. The transformation proceeded well in the presence of as low as 1 mol% of a chiral N,N′-dioxide/Sc^III complex, 3 Å MS and a catalytic amount of hexafluoroisopropanol (HFIP). The scope of Michael acceptors includes a variety of substituted chromones at different positions, and the desired chromanone lactones upon reduction are afforded in good yield and diastereoselectivity, and excellent enantioselectivity (up to 99% ee). The strategy could be used in the concise synthesis of blennolide C and gonytolide A, C and G.

We report a direct, diastero- and enantioselective vinylogous 1,4-addition of butanolide to 2-ester chromones. A chiral Sc^III complex enabled the reaction to proceed smoothly to give a variety of chraomanone lactones.     

ZnO纳米钉的制备和光学性质研究

通过化学气相沉积(CVD)方法在Si(100)衬底上制备出新型的ZnO纳米钉结构.X射线衍射(XRD)结果表明纳米钉是六角纤锌矿结构.纳米钉顶部对角线在450～750 nm之间,纳米钉长度为几个微米.研究了不同气氛下退火样品的可见发光性质,认为绿光发射来自于导带电子和反位氧中空穴的辐射复合.