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We analyze cooperative Cournot games with boundedly rational firms. Due to cognitive constraints, the members of a coalition cannot accurately predict the coalitional structure of the non-members. Thus, they compute their value using simple heuristics. In particular, they assign various non-equilibrium probability distributions over the outsiders’ set of partitions. We construct the characteristic function of a coalition in such an environment and we analyze the core of the corresponding games. We show that the core is non-empty provided the number of firms in the market is sufficiently large. Moreover, we show that if two distributions over the set of partitions are related via first-order dominance, then the core of the game under the dominated distribution is a subset of the core under the dominant distribution. 相似文献
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Papoutsis I Nikolaou P Athanaselis S Alevizopoulos G Pistos C Paraskevopoulou C Spiliopoulou C 《Journal of separation science》2011,34(21):3037-3042
Sildenafil (SDL) is a phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor and it is approved for the treatment of erectile dysfunction and pulmonary hypertension. SDL is extensively metabolized to its pharmacologically active metabolite, desmethyl‐sildenafil (DSDL). A sensitive and specific GC/MS method for the determination of SDL and DSDL in whole blood was developed and validated to support therapeutic drug monitoring of SDL patients. The combination of solid‐phase extraction with derivatization using BSTFA with 1% TMCS in acetonitrile efficiently reduced matrix effect and improved sensitivity of the method. In this assay, protriptyline was used as internal standard for both analytes. The LODs were 1.50 and 5.00 ng/mL for SDL and DSDL, respectively, whereas the respective LOQs were 5.00 and 15.0 ng/mL. The calibration curves were linear up to 500.0 ng/mL (SDL: R2 0.992, DSDL: R2 0.990). Absolute recovery values for both analytes ranged from 83.1 to 93.2%. Within‐ and between‐batch accuracy was less than 11.8 and 10.2%, respectively, whereas within‐ and between‐batch precision was less than 8.1 and 10.8%, correspondingly. The developed method is suitable for the determination of SDL and DSDL concentrations in blood samples obtained from patients under Viagra® treatment, for pharmacokinetic studies or for the investigation of related forensic cases. 相似文献
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We have studied the voltametric behaviour of solutions of γ-irradiated alkali halides. We identify the existence of hydrated electrons and we believe we have observed the phenomenon of aquoluminescence. 相似文献
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This paper deals with the numerical simulation of the steady state two dimensional window Josephson junctions by finite element method. The model is represented by a sine-Gordon type composite PDE problem. Convergence and error analysis of the finite element approximation for this semilinear problem are presented. An efficient and reliable Newton-preconditioned conjugate gradient algorithm is proposed to solve the resulting nonlinear discrete system. Regular solution branches are computed using a simple continuation scheme. Numerical results associated with interesting physical phenomena are reported. Interface relaxation methods, which by taking advantage of special properties of the composite PDE, can further reduce the overall computational cost are proposed. The implementation and the associated numerical experiments of a particular interface relaxation scheme are also presented and discussed. 相似文献
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Resolution of composite fuzzy relation equations based on Archimedean triangular norms 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Lately, the sup-t-norm composition of fuzzy relations has been used instead of the well-known max–min. Thus, there is a need for methods of studying and solving sup-t-norm fuzzy relation equations (t is any t-norm). In this paper, the solution existence problem is first studied and solvability criteria for composite fuzzy relation equations of any t-norm are given. Then, a methodology for solving fuzzy relation equations based on sup-t composition, where t is an Archimedean t-norm, is proposed. This resolution method is simpler and faster than those proposed for covering all the continuous t-norms. The result is important, since, as is shown in the paper, the only continuous t-norm that is not Archimedean is the “minimum”. 相似文献
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Andrs Ciolino Giorgos Sakellariou Dimitris Pantazis Marcelo A. Villar Enrique Valls Nikos Hadjichristidis 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》2006,44(5):1579-1590
Model diblock copolymers of poly(1,4‐butadiene) (PB) and poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS), PB‐b‐PDMS, were synthesized by the sequential anionic polymerization (high vacuum techniques) of butadiene and hexamethylciclotrisiloxane (D3) in the presence of sec‐BuLi. By homogeneous hydrogenation of PB‐b‐PDMS, the corresponding poly(ethylene) and poly(dimethylsiloxane) block copolymers, PE‐b‐PDMS, were obtained. The synthesized block copolymers were characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance (1H and 13C NMR), size‐exclusion chromatography (SEC), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and rheology. SEC combined with 1H NMR analysis indicates that the polydispersity index of the samples (Mw/Mn) is low, and that the chemical composition of the copolymers varies from low to medium PDMS content. According to DSC and TGA experiments, the thermal stability of these block copolymers depends on the PDMS content, whereas TEM analysis reveals ordered arrangements of the microphases. The morphologies observed vary from spherical and cylindrical to lamellar domains. This ordered state (even at high temperatures) was further confirmed by small‐amplitude oscillatory shear flow tests. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 44: 1579–1590, 2006 相似文献
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Giorgos Koutalas David J. Lohse Nikos Hadjichristidis 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》2005,43(18):4040-4049
The following block–comb/graft copolymers of styrene (S), isoprene (I), and butadiene (B)—PS‐b‐(PB‐g‐PB), PS‐b‐(PB‐g‐PB)‐b‐PS, (PB‐g‐PB)‐b‐P2VP, (PS‐g‐PB)‐b‐(PI‐g‐PS), (PS‐g‐PB)‐b‐(PI‐g‐PS)‐b‐(PB‐g‐PI), (PS‐g‐PB)‐b‐(PI‐g‐PS)‐b‐(PB‐g‐PI)‐b‐(PI‐g‐PS)‐b‐(PS‐g‐PB), and (PS)2(PB‐g‐PB) [where PS is polystyrene, PB is polybutadiene, P2VP is poly(2‐vinylpyridine) (2VP), and PI is polyisoprene]—were synthesized with the macromonomer strategy and anionic polymerization high‐vacuum techniques. The synthetic approach involves the synthesis and block copolymerization of styrenic macromonomers in situ without isolation. The prepared samples were characterized by size exclusion chromatography with a differential refractometer detector, size exclusion chromatography with a two‐angle laser light scattering detector, and NMR spectroscopy. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 43: 4040–4049, 2005 相似文献
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Giorgos Petsoulas 《Positivity》2014,18(2):287-317
We present a new class of reflexive \(\ell ^p\) saturated Banach spaces \(\mathfrak{X }_p\) for \(1<p<\infty \) with rather tight structure. The norms of these spaces are defined with the use of a modification of the standard method yielding hereditarily indecomposable Banach spaces. The space \(\mathfrak{X }_p\) does not embed into a space with an unconditional basis and for any analytic decomposition into two subspaces, it is proved that one of them embeds isomorphically into the \(\ell ^p\) -sum of a sequence of finite dimensional normed spaces. We also study the space of operators of \(\mathfrak{X }_p\) . 相似文献