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1.
随着经济的飞速发展,社会对能源的需求日益扩大,对工业废水的无害化处理也提出了更高的要求。光催化燃料电池 (photocatalytic fuel cell, PFC) 在燃料电池中引入半导体光催化材料作为电极,实现了有机污染物高效降解和同步对外产电的双重功能,在废水无害化与资源化利用方面具有潜在的应用价值。半导体光催化电极是PFC系统高效运行的核心组件,增强其可见光响应和光生载流子分离是提高PFC性能的关键策略。反应器结构设计和运行参数优化也有利于改善PFC性能。本文从PFC基本原理和应用入手,综述了PFC在环境污染物资源化处理中的研究进展,并详细阐述了提高PFC的污染控制性能和产电效率的优化手段,为进一步设计高效稳定的PFC系统并实现其在水污染控制和清洁能源生产中的应用提供理论指导。 相似文献
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Aspects of Generic Entanglement 总被引:4,自引:4,他引:0
Patrick Hayden Debbie W. Leung Andreas Winter 《Communications in Mathematical Physics》2006,265(1):95-117
We study entanglement and other correlation properties of random states in high-dimensional bipartite systems. These correlations
are quantified by parameters that are subject to the ``concentration of measure' phenomenon, meaning that on a large-probability
set these parameters are close to their expectation. For the entropy of entanglement, this has the counterintuitive consequence
that there exist large subspaces in which all pure states are close to maximally entangled. This, in turn, implies the existence
of mixed states with entanglement of formation near that of a maximally entangled state, but with negligible quantum mutual
information and, therefore, negligible distillable entanglement, secret key, and common randomness. It also implies a very
strong locking effect for the entanglement of formation: its value can jump from maximal to near zero by tracing over a number
of qubits negligible compared to the size of the total system. Furthermore, such properties are generic. Similar phenomena
are observed for random multiparty states, leading us to speculate on the possibility that the theory of entanglement is much
simplified when restricted to asymptotically generic states. Further consequences of our results include a complete derandomization
of the protocol for universal superdense coding of quantum states. 相似文献
5.
We will prove a result concerning the inclusion of non-trivial invariant ideals inside non-trivial ideals of a twisted crossed
product. We will also give results concerning the primeness and simplicity of crossed products of twisted actions of locally
compact groups on -algebras.
Received: 25 January 2002; in final form: 22 May 2002/Published online: 2 December 2002
This work is partially supported by Hong Kong RGC Direct Grant. 相似文献
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Summary The role of chemical reactions in the selection of patterns in phase-separating mixtures is presented. Linearized theory and
computer simulation show that the initial long-wavelength instability characteristic of spinodal decomposition is suppressed
by chemical reactions, which restrict domain growth to intermediate length scales even in the late stages of phase separation.
Our findings suggest that chemical reactions may provide a novel way to stabilize and tune the steady-state morphology of
phase-separating materials.
Paper presented at the I International Conference on Scaling Concepts and Complex Fluids, Copanello, Italy, July 4–8, 1994. 相似文献
8.
Casey Chun Zhou Eric J. Stoner Kent D. Stewart L. Steven Hollis Edmund D. Matayoshi Gregory M. Brill 《Tetrahedron》2004,60(47):10611-10618
Oritavancin is a semi-synthetic glycopeptide antibiotic which is structurally related to vancomycin. When oritavancin bisphosphate is dried in vacuo with heat, a new compound forms. This new compound is stable only in the solid state and reverts to oritavancin in solution. Highly enriched samples of this compound were obtained by preparative HPLC and the structure of this compound was elucidated by using one and two-dimensional (1H and 13C) NMR spectroscopy in conjunction with computer-assisted molecular modeling. It has been determined that oritavancin adopts a conformation similar to that of vancomycin in solution, while the new compound is the unnatural R-AB-biaryl atropisomer of oritavancin. This is the first observation and isolation of an AB-biaryl atropisomer in an intact member of the vancomycin family of glycopeptide antibiotics. 相似文献
9.
Ying‐Hung So Pamela Foster Jang‐Hi Im Philip Garrou Jack Hetzner Edmund Stark Kayla Baranek 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》2006,44(5):1591-1599
Divinylsiloxane‐bisbenzocyclobutene (DVS‐bisBCB) polymer has very low dielectric constant and dissipation factor, good thermal stability, and high chemical resistance. The fracture toughness of the thermoset polymer is moderate due to its high crosslink density. A thermoplastic elastomer, polystyrene–polybutadiene–polystyrene triblock copolymer, was incorporated into the matrix to enhance its toughness. The cured thermoset matrix showed different morphology when the elastomer was added to the B‐staged prepolymer or when the elastomer was B‐staged with the DVS‐bisBCB monomer. Small and uniformly distributed elastomer domains were detected by transmission electron micrographs (TEM) in the former case, but TEM did not detect a separate domain in the latter case. A high percentage of the polystyrene–polybutadiene–polystyrene triblock copolymer could be incorporated into the DVS‐bisBCB thermoset matrix by B‐staging the triblock copolymer with the BCB monomer. The elastomer increased the fracture toughness of DVS‐bisBCB polymer as indicated by enhanced elongation at break and increased K1c values obtained by the modified edge‐lift‐off test. Elastomer modified DVS‐bisBCB maintained excellent electrical properties, high Tg and good thermal stability, but showed higher coefficient of linear thermal expansion values. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 44: 1591–1599, 2006 相似文献
10.
Mishra SR Bachmann KT Bernstein RH Blair RE Foudas C Lefmann WC Leung WC Oltman E Quintas PZ Sciulli FJ Shaevitz MH Smith WH Merritt FS Oreglia MJ Schellman H Schumm BA Borcherding F Fisk HE Lamm MJ Marsh W Merritt KW Yovanovitch DD Bodek A Budd HS Sakumoto WK 《Physical review letters》1989,63(2):132-135