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Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology - The pseudo enzyme adsorption isotherm of the pretreated substrate is used to estimate the pretreatment’s effectiveness in generating accessible... 相似文献
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Converse A. O. Kwarteng I. K. Grethlein H. E. Ooshima H. 《Applied biochemistry and biotechnology》1989,(1):63-78
The results of an experimental study of the acid hydrolysis of hardwood are presented in the form of values for the three
parameters, activation energy, power on the acid concentration, and pre-exponen-tial factor, of the first order kinetic constants
for each of the following reaction participants: xylan remaining, glucan remaining, xylose formed, and xylose decomposed.
These are used as a base for a quantitative theory to predict the temperature, time, and acid concentrations needed for effective
pretreatment of the substrate for subsequent enzymatic hydrolysis of the glucan. This theory is based on the assumption that
successful pretreatment requires >90% removal of the xylan, <10% removal of the glucan, and >80% xylose yield. This theory
is compared with selected published data. 相似文献
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Gareth AD Hardy Nesrina Imami Mark R Nelson Ann K Sullivan Ron Moss Marlén MI Aasa-Chapman Brian Gazzard Frances M Gotch 《Journal of immune based therapies and vaccines》2007,5(1):6-12
Background
Fully functional HIV-1-specific CD8 and CD4 effector T-cell responses are vital to the containment of viral activity and disease progression. These responses are lacking in HIV-1-infected patients with progressive disease. We attempted to augment fully functional HIV-1-specific CD8 and CD4 effector T-cell responses in patients with advanced chronic HIV-1 infection. 相似文献4.
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Converse AO 《Applied biochemistry and biotechnology》2007,137(1-12):611-624
A review of studies of biomass potential in the United States finds a wide variation in the estimates. A number of specific policy-relevant questions about the potential of biofuels in the United States are answered. A recently published global analysis of the potential conflict between land needed for bioenergy and land needed for food is extended to the situation in the United States. A renewable energy supply scenario, capable of meeting the 2001 US energy demand, indicates that there is enough land to support a renewable energy system but that the utilization of biomass would be limited by its land requirement. 相似文献
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Partially purified S1 nuclease was bound through its carbohydrate moiety to Con A-Sepharose containing increasing amounts of lectin. The retention of activity was high, varying essentially from 75% on the "low lectin" matrix (1 mg Con A/mL of Sepharose), to no detectable activity on the "high lectin" matrix (8 mg Con A/mL of Sepharose). However, approximately 50% activity could be restored in "high lectin" matrix when the coupling was carried out in the presence of glucose, suggesting that the loss of activity on the "high lectin" matrix is caused by conformational changes brought about by the multiple attachment of the enzyme to the matrix. Interaction of Con A with S1 nuclease was used to predict the nature of carbohydrate moiety and its location with respect to the active site of the enzyme. Immobilization resulted in an increase in the optimum temperature, pH, and temperature stabilities, but it did not affect the pH optimum. A marginal increase in the apparent Km was observed. The bound enzyme also showed enhanced stability toward 8 M urea. On repeated use, the bound enzyme retained more than 80% of its initial activity after 6 cycles. These results are discussed taking into consideration the factors affecting immobilized enzymes. In addition, the potential use of immobilized S1 nuclease as an analytical tool is discussed. 相似文献
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Masahiro Kurakake Takeshi Shirasawa Hiroshi Ooshima Alvin O. Converse Jyoji Kato 《Applied biochemistry and biotechnology》1995,50(3):231-241
Three empirical rate expressions, Kinetics I, II, and III, for the enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose were evaluated in an
effort to develop a easy-to-use rate expression. They are based on the following equation:-dV/dX = kV, where V and X are the hydrolysis rate and the fractional conversion. In Kinetic I,k is constant. In Kinetic II, a linear relatinship betweenk and t is assumed. In Kinetic III, an exponential relationship is assumed. The three expressions were applied to enzymatic
hydrolysis carried out under seven different conditions in which the kinds of substrates, enzymes, and initial concentrations
were varied. All of the examined rate expressions were applied to the hydrolysis with success, but the better accuracies were
obtained by Kinetic III, Kinetic II, and Kinetic I in this order. The variations ofk with time found in this study, especially the exponential relationship, were consistent with the effect of the measured changes
in the concentration of adsorbed enzyme as predicted by theory developed previously by Ooshima et al. (1). 相似文献
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O. T. DeJesus L. G. Flores A. K. Converse R. M. Bartlett D. Murali R. Jeraj T. R. Oakes R. J. Nickles C. J. Jaskowiak 《Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry》2006,269(3):561-564
Summary Exposure to several environmental chemicals in utero is associated with subtle deleterious effects in cognitive, motor and
behavioral functions. In order to assess in utero exposure to possible neurotoxins, fetal brain uptake of an exogenous compound
given to a pregnant rhesus macaque was investigated using PET/CT imaging. CT clearly delineated the fetus which allowed the
time course of the PET tracer in the fetal brain and other organs to be monitored. This study demonstrates the feasibility
of quantifying the absolute fetal uptake of chemicals given systemically to the mother. 相似文献