Investigation of intracranial media ultrasonic monitoring model

The objectives are to investigate the peculiarities of the ultrasound pulse propagation through human extra/intracranial media by mathematical simulation and to confirm the simulation results experimentally by proving the suitability of the ultrasonic time-of-flight measurement method for human intracranial media (IM) physiological non-invasive monitoring. The mathematical model of ultrasound pulse propagation through the human extra/intracranial media is described. The simulation of various physiological phenomena were performed to determine the relationship between the characteristics of the transmitted ultrasound pulse through the human head and the acoustic properties of the IM. It is shown that non-invasive monitoring of the IM acoustic properties is possible by measuring the changes of the ultrasonic signal time-of-flight and the oscillation period. The influence made by variations in acoustic parameters of the external tissue/skull bones on the non-invasive measurement data is investigated and methods of compensation of that influence are presented. The models were applied for developing of a new non-invasive sonographic intracranial pressure (ICP) monitor (Vittamed). Comparative studies of this monitor with the invasive ICP monitor (Camino) have shown the possibility of achieving clinically acceptable accuracy of the long term non-invasive ICP monitoring of head injured patients in intensive care units.     

An Enolate-Structure-Enabled Anionic Cascade Cyclization Reaction: Easy Access to Complex Scaffolds with Contiguous Six-, Five-, and Four-Membered Rings

Catalyst-free addition of ketone enolate to non-activated multiple C−C bonds involves non-complementary reaction partners and typically requires super-basic conditions. On the other hand, highly aggregated or solvated enolates are not reactive enough to undergo direct addition to alkenes or alkynes. Herein, we report a new anionic cascade reaction for one-step assembly of intriguing molecular scaffolds possessing contiguous six-, five-, and four-membered rings, representing a formal [2+2] enol–allene cycloaddition. Reaction proceeds under very mild conditions and with excellent diastereoselectivity. Deeper mechanistic and computational studies revealed unusually slow proton transfer phenomenon in cyclic ketone intermediate and explained peculiar stereochemical outcome.     

Synthesis and Characterization of Novel Heterocyclic Chalcones from 1-Phenyl-1H-pyrazol-3-ol

An efficient synthetic route to construct diverse pyrazole-based chalcones from 1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-3-ols bearing a formyl or acetyl group on the C4 position of pyrazole ring, employing a base-catalysed Claisen–Schmidt condensation reaction, is described. Isomeric chalcones were further reacted with N-hydroxy-4-toluenesulfonamide and regioselective formation of 3,5-disubstituted 1,2-oxazoles was established. The novel pyrazole-chalcones and 1,2-oxazoles were characterized by an in-depth analysis of NMR spectral data, which were obtained through a combination of standard and advanced NMR spectroscopy techniques.