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Kesara Na-Bangchang Etienne Anagalou Guirou Anurak Cheomung Juntra Karbwang 《Chromatographia》2014,77(7-8):561-569
Primaquine (PQ) is the only 8-aminoquinoline antimalarial drug in clinical use because of its unique action on hypnozoites and gametocytes of Plasmodium species. We report here simple, sensitive and specific assay methods for the determination of PQ in human whole blood and dried blood spot (DBS) samples using high-performance liquid chromatography and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, respectively. Sample preparation was performed by a single or two-step liquid-liquid extraction with organic solvents. For whole blood analysis, separation was obtained on a reversed-phase C18 column with the mobile phase consisting of 0.25 % diethylamine and acetonitrile (7:3, v:v) running at a flow rate of 1.0 ml min?1. UV detection was at the wavelength 263 nm. For DBS analysis, separation was obtained on a reversed-phase column with the mobile phase consisting of methanol and 0.1 formic acid (1:3, v:v) running at a flow rate of 0.5 ml min?1. The selected ions generated by electrospray ionization were detected using mass spectrometer. Good precision and accuracy (both within-day and day-to-day assays) were obtained at the concentration ranges under investigation. Limits of quantification for PQ were accepted as 25 ng ml?1 using 500 μl whole blood and 5 ng ml?1 using 80 μl DBS samples. The mean recoveries for PQ and internal standard pyrimethamine (PYR) for both whole blood and DBS were over 70 %. The methods were successfully applied for a clinical pharmacology study of PQ in patients with Plasmodium vivax. Excellent correlation (r 2 = 0.997) was observed between the analysis of PQ in paired whole blood and DBS samples. 相似文献
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Dynamically adaptive tree grid modeling for simulation and visualization of rainwater overland flow 下载免费PDF全文
Modeling and visualization of a rainwater overland flow is an important tool for a risk assessment, preparation, evacuation planning, and real‐time forecasting of flood warning. The objective of this research is to develop a numerical software to visualize the rainwater overland flow based on a finite volume method for shallow water equations and in combination with the dynamically adaptive tree grid technique and the dynamic domain‐defining method. The obtained simulations for several experiments were tested and compared with results in literature, both theoretical and experimental results. The comparisons with non‐adaptive grids show that the developed algorithm for simulation is very efficient and has a potential for practical usages, in terms of computational times and accuracy. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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