小麦条锈病对小麦产量影响的研究——Ⅱ.病害对小麦叶片光合作用的影响初探

利用红外线气体分析仪测定了冬小麦燕大1817和东方红3号在受到条锈菌(Puccinia striiformis West)侵染后叶片光合作用的变化。证明严重度S越高,残余健部光合作用极大值P′_(max)越低,其关系为P′_(max)=P′_(max)(1-0.826*S)。根据试验数据推导建立了条锈病导致的光合产物降低率预测模型:L_(光合)=1-(P_(max)+I_(1α))/(P′_(max)+I_(1α))(1-bS)(1-S),和理论模型L_(光合)=aS~n,n=f(P′_(max)/P_(max))。最后讨论了L_(光合)与验经产量损失模型的关系。     

小麦条锈病对小麦产量影响的研究——Ⅲ.病害对寄主库-源关系的影响

利用剪叶和测定扬花期后植株各器官干重变化等方法研究了小麦条锈病对小麦库-源关系的影响。研究结果表明:染病植株各叶片的绝对贡献值减小;相对贡献值不变,各叶片间功能比例关系不交,植株内的相互补偿作用降低。同时还发现染病植株可通过减少库容,缩短生育期,增大相对输出率等反馈机理来调节库-源关系,并且病情越重,相对输出率越大,经济系数越低。     

小麦条锈病对小麦产量影响的研究——Ⅰ.损失估计经验模型

1983—1984年和1984—1985年两生长季中同时在北京和郑州设点,就小麦条锈病(Puccinia striiformis tritici West.)对冬小麦燕大1817产量的影响进行了研究。在这两个不同的流行地区中,通过小区整体分期接种和间隔梯度喷药等方法,获得了流行表现种种不同的小区103个。利用这些数据分别建立了CP,MP,AUDPC三种模型,比较结果表明,CP模型最佳。本文还提出了一种AUDPC值标准化的方法。     

STUDIES OF CROP LOSS CAUSED BY STRIPE RUST ON WINTER WHEAT (Ⅲ)——DISEASE EFFECT ON THE SINK-SOURCE RELATIONSHIP OF HOST

Two methods, leaf-detaching and interval weighing of dry matter of different organs, were used to study the effect of stripe rust (Puccinia striiformis tritici West.) on the sink-source relationship of winter wheat Yianda 1817. The results showed that on diseased plants the absolute contribution value of each leaf arrangement was reduced; the relative contribution value of each leaf arrangement was unchanged; the contribution weights among the leaf arrangements were constant; the compensation among the leaf arrangements decreased. The results also showed that the diseased host could regulate its sink-source relationship by feedback mechanism, such as reducing the size of sink, shortening the perilod of growth, and increasing the relative translocation rate. The more serious the disease scverity, the greater the relative translocation rate and the smaller the economical index.     

STUDIES ON CROP LOSS CAUSED BY STRIPE RUST ON WINTER WHEAT (Ⅱ)——EFFECT OF DISEASE ON THE LEAF PHOTOSYNTHESIS

Winter wheat was used to investigate the effect of stripe rust (Puccinia striiformisWest.) on the photosynthesis of leaves with different disease severity. The rates of CO_2 uptakeof leaves were measured with an infrared gas analyzer. The results showed that on the dis-eased leaves the maximum rate of photosynthesis of the uncolonized part (P'_(max)) was negative-ly proportional to the disease severity and could be described as P'_(max)=P_(max)*(1- 0. 826*S).The photosynthsis model was built as P = I*@*P_(max)* (1 - b*S)/(P_(max)* (1- b*S) + I*@).From this model two relative photosynthesis reduction models were deduced: L_(photo) = A*S~n,where n = f(P'_(max)/P_(max)), and L_(photo) = 1 - (1 - S)*(1-b*S)*(P_(max) + I*@)/(P'_(max) + I*@).The relationship between the critical point crop loss model and these models was discussed.     

绿茶对金(Ⅲ)、锗(Ⅳ)离子捕集性能的研究

以绿茶做捕集剂,对水溶液中的金（Ⅲ）、锗（Ⅳ）两种离子进行了捕集性能的研究。实验结果表明,绿茶在pH5-7和pH6-7时,对金（Ⅲ）、锗（Ⅳ）两种离子的捕集率分别可达97%和96%以上,金（Ⅲ）、锗（Ⅳ）的捕集容量分别为7.6mg/g和5.7mg/g。捕集后的金属离子可分别用10g/L亚硫酸钠溶液和5mol/L盐酸进行洗脱。脱附后的茶叶可得到再生。