德江天麻提取物的抑菌活性研究

利用无水乙醇对德江天麻进行提取,以牛津杯扩散法检测天麻乙醇提取物对金黄色葡萄球菌、乙型副伤寒沙门氏菌、单增李斯特菌、布鲁氏菌和大肠杆菌的抑菌活性,筛选出对天麻乙醇提取物敏感的细菌后,再用稀释法分析天麻乙醇提取物对金黄色葡萄球菌、乙型副伤寒沙门氏菌、单增李斯特菌、布鲁氏菌的生长的影响,并探究最低抑菌质量浓度(MIC)和最...     

义工旅行动机的量表开发与验证

随着义工旅行在年轻人中的普及,不少义工组织、旅行社和旅游目的地纷纷推出义工旅行项目。然而目前的项目安排大多仿照国外,对国内年轻人的需求认识尚不明晰,学术界对这一主题的研究也相对匮乏。鉴于此,以Voluntour和EASIN义工旅行组织的参与者为研究对象,严格遵循量表开发的流程,采用探索性因子分析、3次验证性因子分析和结构方程模型检验的方法,从多个角度验证了量表的信度和效度,得到了基于中国情境的义工旅行动机量表。研究结果表明：(1）由4个维度17个测量项目组成的量表,整体结构良好,具有较好的稳定性和适用性,可成为义工旅行研究的有效测量工具;(2）义工旅行的动机维度可划分为休闲逃避、深度体验、自我服务/发展与利他四类,动机中的利他维度是区分义工旅行与背包旅行、打工度假旅行的关键属性,是年轻人选择深度休闲方式的一种体现;(3）与国外研究相比,基于中国情境的量表无保护功能与宗教参与的动机维度,且社交动机表现不突出。最后,探讨了义工旅行项目在产品开发和市场营销方面的策略。     

Reaction Subdiffusion with Random Waiting Time Depending on the Preceding Jump Length

To describe the energy-dependent characteristics of the reaction-subdiffusion process, we analyze the simple reaction A→B under subdiffsion with waiting time depending on the preceding jump length, and derive the corresponding master equations in the Fourier–Laplace space for the distribution of A and B particles in a continuous time random walk scheme. Moreover, the generalizations of the reaction-diffusion equation for the Gaussian jump length with the probability density function of waiting time being quadratically dependent on the preceding jump length are obtained by applying the derived master equations.     

Temperature dependence of surface and structure properties of ZnCdO film

Zn1-xCdx O films are grown on c-sapphire substrates by laser molecular beam epitaxy(LMBE) at different temperatures. Their crystallographic structures, compositions, surface electronic structures are investigated. The a-axis lattice constant of Zn0.95Cd0.05 O is 3.20. Moreover, the epitaxial relationship shows a 30°-in-plane rotation of the film with respect to the c-sapphire substrate. When the substrate temperatures arrives at 500℃, the in situ reflection high-energy electron diffraction(RHEED) pattern of Zn Cd O film shows sharp streaky pattern. The maximum Cd content of Zn Cd O film grown at low substrate temperatures increases up to about 29.6 at.%, which is close to that of the ceramic target. In situ ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy(UPS) measurements demonstrate that Zn Cd O film exhibits intense peaks at 4.7 e V and 10.7 e V below the Fermi level, which are assigned to the O 2p and Zn 3p states. Energetic distance between Zn 3d and Cd 4d is 0.60 e V. Above 470 nm, the thin film shows excellent optical transmission.     

Anomalous transport in fluid field with random waiting time depending on the preceding jump length

Anomalous (or non-Fickian) transport behaviors of particles have been widely observed in complex porous media. To capture the energy-dependent characteristics of non-Fickian transport of a particle in flow fields, in the present paper a generalized continuous time random walk model whose waiting time probability distribution depends on the preceding jump length is introduced, and the corresponding master equation in Fourier-Laplace space for the distribution of particles is derived. As examples, two generalized advection-dispersion equations for Gaussian distribution and lévy flight with the probability density function of waiting time being quadratic dependent on the preceding jump length are obtained by applying the derived master equation.     

电离辐射引起的线粒体DNA损伤及突变研究进展

指出了线粒体DNA损伤及突变研究与核DNA相关研究的区别,并总结了国内外关于电离辐射引起线粒体DNA损伤突变的研究进展。 针对放射生物学中线粒体学方面研究还有待进一步加强的现状, 中国科学院近代物理研究所的研究人员在方法学上建立起了real-time PCR和long PCR等手段对线粒体DNA损伤及突变进行定量检测, 并以此为基础, 对电离辐射引起的线粒体功能变化进行了较为深入的研究。总结了线粒体DNA损伤及突变研究对阐明电离辐射引起的生物学效应所具有的贡献, 提出未来在放射生物学中以远后效应, 能量代谢为主的线粒体学研究方向。 Current advance in ionizing radiation induced mitochondrial DNA damage and mutations is reviewed, in addition with the essential differences between mtDNA and nDNA damage and mutations. To extent the knowledge about radiation induced mitochondrial alterations, the researchers in Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences developed some technics such as real time PCR, long PCR for accurate quantification of radiation induced damage and mutations, and in depth investigation about the functional changes of mitochondria based on mtDNA damage and mutations were also carried out. In conclusion, the important role of mitochondrial study in radiation biology is underlined, and further study on mitochondrial study associated with late effect and metabolism changes in radiation biology is pointed out.     

对数似然图像分割的快速主动轮廓跟踪算法

针对跟踪目标尺度变化问题,提出了基于灰度对数似然图像分割的快速主动轮廓跟踪算法。改进的主动轮廓跟踪算法将根据以目标与背景的颜色差异而建立的对数似然图对图像进行阈值分割和数学形态学处理,再将Kalman滤波器结合到主动轮廓跟踪算法进行目标跟踪。改进的主动轮廓跟踪算法对目标分割准确,轮廓特征显著,跟踪效果稳定,算法能很好地适应跟踪目标尺度变化。通过Kalman滤波器对目标位置点的预测减少了主动轮廓跟踪算法收敛的迭代次数,使算法的运算效率提高了33%左右。     

喷墨打印垂直有机光晶体管及其性能优化

通过旋涂透明源极并在其上采用喷墨打印的方式制备有源层及源漏电极,从而得到一种垂直结构光晶体管,并获得了较好的光电性能,其响应率为～1 500A/W,探测率可达1.6×10~(14) Jones。向有源层中掺杂一定比例的电子捕获材料PCBM,使有源层中光生空穴复合减小,光生电流增大,从而进一步提高其光探测性能。研究发现当掺杂5wt%电子捕获材料时,垂直结构光晶体管性能达到最优,响应率为～6 000A/W,探测率可达1.4×10~(15) Jones.     

小肠电离辐射损伤研究进展

肠道的电离辐射损伤是腹部及盆腔肿瘤放射治疗过程中的剂量限制因素。综述了小肠电离辐射损伤的临床症状、 小肠上皮及粘膜下层基质改变、 信号分子表达变化、 组织学变化和超微结构变化。简介了中国科学院近代物理研究所重离子束辐射生物医学重点实验室正在进行的有关小肠重离子辐射损伤及防护方面的研究工作。Intestinal ionising radiation injuries are a dose limiting factor in the course of radiotherapy of abdominal and pelvic malignancies. In this paper it is reviewed that ionizing radiation injuries of small intestine, including clinical symptoms, epithelium and submucosa changes, signal molecular expression changes, histological and ultrastructure changes. The ongoing works of our laboratory on subjects of intestinal injuries induced by heavy ions and protection against these injuries are also presented.     

Na原子链表面等离激元特性的含时密度泛函研究

本文用含时密度泛函理论研究了线性Na原子链的表面等离激元机理.主要在原子尺度下模拟计算了体系随着原子数增加及原子间距变化的集体激发过程.研究发现线性原子链有一个普遍的特性——存在一个纵模和两个横模.两个横模一般在实验上很难被观测到.纵模随着原子链长度增加,能量红移的同时,该纵模主峰的强度呈线性增长.随着原子个数的增加,端点模式(TE)开始蓝移,能量和偶极强度都逐渐趋向饱和.横模能量被劈裂的原因概括如下:(一)每个位置的电子受到的势不同,在两端的电子受到的势要比在中间的电子受到的势要高,因此两端的电荷积累也比中间多;(二)端点存在悬挂键,所以中间的电子-电子间相互作用与端点的不一样,这两方面又都与原子间距d有关.