过渡金属甲基磺酸盐催化醇的四氢吡喃化反应

以过渡金属甲基磺酸盐［Mn(CH₃SO₃)₂·2H₂O, Cu(CH₃SO₃)₂·4H₂O, Co(CH₃SO₃)₂·4H₂O和Zn(CH₃SO₃)₂·4H₂O］为催化剂,在室温条件下催化醇的四氢吡喃化反应,并对反应条件进行了优化。结果表明：当醇用量为30 mmol,醇和3,4-二氢吡喃摩尔比为1.0 ：1.1,甲基磺酸盐用量为1 mmol,二氯甲烷20 mL时,可高效催化醇的四氢吡喃化反应。与路易斯酸催化活性相比,过渡金属甲基磺酸盐催化醇的四氢吡喃化反应效果最好,催化酚的效果较差。用Mn(CH₃SO₃)₂·2H₂O和Cu(CH₃SO₃)₂·4H₂O催化正丁醇的四氢吡喃化反应,重复使用5次,收率分别为89%和92%。     

叔丁醇在H5PMo10V2O40/SiO2催化剂上吸附的红外光谱研究

用FTIR研究了叔丁醇在H₅PMo₁₀V₂O₄₀/SiO₂上的化学吸附和转化,叔丁醇在15℃质子酸的作用下形成(CH₃)₃C^*吸附态,进而转化为类似π-烯丙基结构的吸附态H₂C^*=C(CH₃)=C^*H₂和σ-烯丙基吸附态C^*H₂C(CH₃)=CH₂.     

单氢钌配合物与水和2,2,2-三氟乙醇的作用机理

利用原位¹H和³¹P NMR对单氢钌配合物TpRu(PPh₃)(CH₃CN)H [Tp＝hydrotris(pyrazolyl)borate]与H₂O和酸性HOCH₂CF₃的反应进行了研究, 结果显示相应的反应产物分别是TpRu(PPh₃)(CH₃CN)(OH) 和TpRu(PPh₃)(CH₃CN)(OCH₂CF₃). 观察到反应过程中Ru-H…HOH和Ru-H…HOCH₂CF₃分子间的氢键作用. 提出了生成TpRu(PPh₃)(CH₃CN)(OH)和TpRu(PPh₃)(CH₃CN)(OCH₂CF₃)的不同作用机理. 在水存在下, TpRu(PPh₃)(CH₃CN)H 与H₂O反应, 经过中间体TpRu(PPh₃)(H₂O)H和TpRu(PPh₃)(OH)(η²-H₂)生成产物TpRu(PPh₃)(CH₃CN)(OH). 而TpRu(PPh₃)(CH₃CN)H与酸性HOCH₂CF₃反应时, 单氢配体被质子化形成中间体[TpRu(PPh₃)(CH₃CN)- (η²-H₂)](OCH₂CF₃), 进而转变成产物TpRu(PPh₃)(CH₃CN)(OCH₂CF₃). TpRu(PPh₃)(CH₃CN)(OCH₂CF₃)与H₂作用, 经中间体TpRu(PPh₃)(HOCH₂CF₃)H生成TpRu(PPh₃)(η²-H₂)H.     

SOFC中干甲烷浓度对Ni-YSZ阳极上反应的影响

为探讨固体氧化物燃料电池(solid oxide fuel cell, SOFC)中干甲烷浓度对反应的影响,采用色谱在线测量阳极尾气,总结阳极尾气的变化规律。在此基础上,分析干甲烷在固体氧化物燃料电池Ni-YSZ阳极上的反应,寻找干甲烷浓度与电流对电池阳极反应影响的数学关系。结果表明,随着电流密度的增加,低浓度甲烷按顺序发生CH₄+O^2- → CO+2H₂+2e^-、CH₄+2O^2- → CO+H₂O+H₂ +4e^-、CH₄+3O^2- → CO+2H₂O + 6e^-、CH₄+4O^2- → CO₂+2H₂O+8e^-反应,高浓度甲烷只发生甲烷的第一个氧化反应,中浓度甲烷发生前两个或前三个反应。依据法拉第第一定律及反应物之间的关系,确定甲烷的低、中、高浓度的判定依据分别为:q_v(CH₄)≤I/(4F)、I/(4F)≤q_v(CH₄)≤I/(2F)、q_v(CH₄)≥I/(2F)。     

化学链重整过程中LaFeO3载氧体的CH4部分氧化反应机理研究

本研究基于密度泛函理论(DFT)计算揭示了化学链重整过程中LaFeO₃载氧体的CH₄部分氧化反应机理,通过系统研究CH₄吸附活化、H₂和CO形成以及氧扩散等基元反应步骤,构建了CH₄部分氧化反应网络。研究发现,CH₄发生逐步脱氢反应形成H原子,其中,CH₃脱氢反应所需要克服的能垒(1.50 eV)最高,是CH₄逐步脱氢反应的限速步骤。载氧体表面H₂形成有两种路径,其中,H原子从O顶位迁移到Fe顶位,然后与另外O顶位的H原子成键形成H₂分子是主要途径。由于其相对较低的能垒(1.27 eV),CO的形成过程较易发生。氧扩散需要克服1.35 eV的能垒,表明氧扩散过程需要在高温下进行且扩散速率较低。通过比较各基元反应能垒,发现H₂形成是LaFeO₃载氧体CH₄部分氧化反应动力学的限速步骤,而H迁移是限制H     

密度泛函理论研究α-MoC(100)在甲醇水蒸汽重整中的催化作用（英文）

本文通过密度泛函理论计算方法探究了α-MoC催化甲醇水蒸气重整(CH₃OH+H₂O→CO₂+3H₂)反应,系统地研究了甲醇水蒸气重整反应中相关中间体的吸附行为和基本步骤的动力学.结果表明,在α-MoC(100)表面,甲醇容易裂解形成CH₃O中间体,CH₃O进一步脱氢为CH₂O.通过比较CH₂O和OH缔合过程和CH₂O直接分解过程,发现CH₂O和OH之间更容易形成CH₂OOH而不是分解成CHO和H.计算结果表明,CH₂OOH中间体的连续脱氢对CO₂有很高的选择性.相反,在α-MoC(111)表面,由于CH₂O中间体的强吸附使其更偏向于脱氢生成CHO,最后生成产物CO.此外,高水解离产生的OH物种可以促进中间体O-H键的断裂,并显著降低反应能垒.本文不仅揭示了α-MoC(100)晶面在甲...     

Criegee中间体CH3CHOO与H2O反应机理及酸催化效应

采用CCSD（T）//B3LYP/6-311+G（d,p）方法研究了H₂O及甲酸等6种有机酸对CH₃CHOO与H₂O加成反应的催化作用。结果表明,非催化反应存在双质子迁移和加成反应2条通道,其中加成反应为优势通道。其加成机理为H₂O中OH加到CH₃CHOO的α-C上,同时H₂O中另一个H迁移到CH₃CHOO的端O上。催化剂H₂O及有机酸以氢键复合物的形式参与反应促进了H质子转移,可降低基元反应能垒和表观活化能,且催化效应与有机酸的强度成正比。例如,当分别用H₂O（pK_a=15.7）、甲酸（pK_a=3.75）和草酸（pK_a=1.23）催化时,生成syn-HAHP的基元反应能垒由非催化的69.12 kJ·mol^-1分别降至40.78、18.88和10.61 kJ·mol^-1。非催化反应具有正的表观活化能,而所有催化反应则均具有负的表观活化能。     

H2气氛下褐煤快速热解过程中CH4逸出规律的分析

在带有输送煤样的管式反应器上进行了霍林河褐煤加压快速氢解实验,分析了H₂对煤/半焦的化学键断裂和对CH₄生成规律的影响。在加压快速氢解条件下,CH₄产率随着热解温度升高、压力的增大而增大;在50% H₂气氛下,操作压力为1.0 MPa、温度为900 ℃时,CH₄产率为8.08%,达到最大,较N₂气氛下的提高了72.5%。H₂或H·自由基诱发了芳环的开裂、侧链、脂肪链和醚键的断裂,促进了煤热解。CH₄产率的增加主要是由于外部供H的结果;热解温度低于700 ℃时,H₂对煤结构中活性基团的作用促进了煤热解,导致了CH₄产率的增加;而热解温度高于700 ℃后,煤/半焦加氢气化促进了CH₄产率的增加。     

Theoretical insight into the enhanced CH4 desorption via H2O adsorption on different rank coal surfaces

The density functional theory was used to investigate the adsorption of CH₄ and H₂O on different rank coal surfaces.The coal rank is the dominant factor in affecting the adsorption capacity of coal.In order to better understand gas and water interaction with coal of different maturity,we developed fourteen coal models to represent the different rank coal.The interactions of CH₄ and H₂O with coal surfaces were studied and characterized by their adsorption energies,Mulliken charges and electrostatic potential surfaces.The results revealed that the interaction between coal and CH₄ was weak physical adsorption,and that the interaction between coal and H₂ O consisted of physical and chemical adsorption.Adsorption energy of coal–H₂O system was larger than that of coal–CH₄ on all rank coals,suggesting that the adsorption priority in the coal models is H₂ O > CH₄.Consequently,the injection of H₂ O into the different rank coal could effectively enhance the coal bed methane（CBM） recovery.     

理论空燃比天然气汽车尾气中H2O和O2对CH4与NO反应的影响

共沉淀法制备CeZrYLa+LaAl 复合氧化物载体, 等体积浸渍法制备了Pt 催化剂, 用于研究理论空燃比天然气汽车(NGVs)尾气净化反应中CH₄与NO的反应规律. 并考察了10% (体积分数, φ)H₂O和计量比O₂对CO₂存在时的CH₄+NO反应的影响. 结果表明: 对于不同条件下的NO+CH₄反应, 主要生成N₂和CO₂, 高温区有CO生成. 低温区无O₂时可以生成N₂O, 有O₂时可以生成NO₂; 添加10% (φ)的H₂O后, CH₄ 转化活性降低, NO转化活性基本不变, 这是由于H₂O减弱了CH₄与CO₂的重整反应, 但是对CH₄与NO的反应基本没有影响; 添加计量比的O₂后, CH₄转化活性提高, 而NO转化活性降低, 这是由于O₂和NO之间存在竞争吸附, CH₄被O₂氧化为主要反应, 从而减弱了NO的转化; 同时添加计量比的O₂和10% (φ) H₂O, CH₄与CO₂的重整反应受到抑制,CH₄与NO的反应、甲烷蒸汽重整反应和甲烷被O₂氧化反应同时发生, CH₄和NO的转化活性均提高.     

三核铁苯甲酸配合物[Fe3O(OBz)6(CH3OH)3](NO3)(CH3OH)2的电子光谱及其理论分析

测定了三核苯甲酸铁配合物[Fe₃O(OBz)₆(CH₃OH)₃](NO₃)(CH₃OH)₂(OBz^-=苯甲酸根)的电子光谱,应用配体场理论和T-S图求得配体场参数10Dq=12457cm^-1.用CNDO/2方法对其简化模型进行了计算。     

Density Functional Theoretical Studies on the Methanol Adsorption and Decomposition on Ru(0001) Surfaces

Periodic density functional theory(DFT) calculations are presented to describe the adsorption and decomposition of CH₃OH on Ru(0001) surfaces with different coverages, including p(3×2), p(2×2), and p(2×1) unit cells, corresponding to monolayer(ML) coverages of 1/6, 1/4, and 1/2, respectively. The geometries and energies of all species involved in methanol dissociation were analyzed, and the initial decomposition reactions of methanol and the subsequent dehydrogenations reactions of CH₃O and CH₂OH were all computed at 1/2, 1/4, and 1/6 ML coverage on the Ru(0001) surface. The results show that coverage exerts some effects on the stable adsorption of CH₃O, CH₂OH, and CH₃, that is, the lower the coverage, the stronger the adsorption. Coverage also exerts effects on the initial decomposition of methanol. C-H bond breakage is favored at 1/2 ML, whereas C-H and O-H bond cleavages are preferred at 1/4 and 1/6 ML on the Ru(0001) surface, respectively. At 1/4 ML coverage on the Ru(0001) surface, the overall reaction mechanism can be written as 9CH₃OH→3CH₃O+6CH₂OH+9H→6CH₂O+3CHOH+18H→7CHO+COH+CH+OH+26H→8CO+C+O+36H.     

Ab initio calculation of the heats of formation of CF3OH and CF2O

The heats of formation of the trifluoromethanol (CF₃OH) and carbonic difluoride (CF₂O) molecules are calculated with theoretical methods of demonstrated high accuracy. The results are used to assess the accuracy of the reported value of the heat of formation of CF₂O and to provide an accurate estimate for CF₃OH. The implications of these results for atmospheric chemistry are discussed.     

Ti-MWW分子筛钛氧活性中心与溶剂分子吸附作用的理论研究

采用密度泛函理论方法,研究了钛硅分子筛Ti-MWW与H₂O₂所形成的钛氧活性中间体的结构,以及溶剂分子吸附对其几何结构和电子结构的影响。结果表明,骨架Ti与H₂O₂作用生成两种钛氧活性中间体,即五元环的Ti-η¹-OOH和三元环的Ti-η²-OOH,骨架Ti中心可再吸附一个溶剂分子,形成六配位络合物结构,不同溶剂分子的吸附能力为H₂O > CH₃OH > CH₃CN。两种钛氧活性中心与溶剂分子的吸附作用略有不同,表现为Ti-η¹-OOH > Ti-η²-OOH,而Ti的落位也对吸附效应有很大影响, T1位点的Ti中心与溶剂分子的吸附作用明显强于T3位点的Ti中心。溶剂分子吸附还将影响活性氧的亲电性和催化活性。计算结果表明在Ti-η²-OOH活性中心吸附CH₃CN可降低氯丙烯环氧化反应的活化能。     

Density functional and multiphoton ionization studies of N,N-dimethylformamide–(methanol)n clusters

The multiphoton ionization of the hydrogen-bonded clusters N,N-dimethylformamide–(methanol)_n (DMF–(CH₃OH)_n) was studied using a time-of-flight mass spectrometer at the wavelengths of 355 and 532 nm. At both wavelengths, a series of protonated DMF–(CH₃OH)_nH⁺ ions was obtained. The clusters were also investigated by density functional theory B3LYP method in conjunction with basis sets 6-31+G(d,p) and 6-311+G(2d,p). Equilibrium geometries of both neutral and ionic DMF–CH₃OH clusters, and dissociation channels and dissociation energies of the ionic clusters are presented. The results show that when DMF–CH₃OH is vertically ionized and dissociated, DMFH⁺ and CH₃O are the dominant products via proton transfer reaction. A high energy barrier makes another channel corresponding to the production of DMFH⁺ and CH₂OH disfavored. In the DMF–(CH₃OH)H⁺ ion, the proton prefers to link with the O atom of DMF molecule. Variation of atomic charges during proton transfer in hydrogen bond of the protonated cluster DMF–(CH₃OH)H⁺ ion is also discussed.     

Structural varieties in double salts of silver acetylide containing ancillary anions and terminal ligands

New double salts Ag₂C₂·6AgO₂CCHF₂ (1), [HPyCH₂OH][Ag₉(C₂)(CF₃CO₂)₉(HPyCH₂OH)(H₂O)]·0.5H₂O (PyCH₂OH=4-(hydroxymethyl)pyridine) (2), Ag₂C₂·5CF₃SO₃Ag·2MeCN·2H₂O (3) and Ag₂C₂·8CF₃SO₃Ag·2EtCN·3H₂O (4) have been synthesized by dissolving Ag₂C₂ in an aqueous solution of the corresponding silver salt followed by the addition of an ancillary ligand. Complex 1 has a three-dimensional structure in which unprecedented basket-like silver cages are inter-connected by difluoroacetate ligands. In 2, centrosymmetric (C₂)₂@Ag₁₄ double cages with each half taking the shape of a triangulated dodecahedron are linked through additional silver atoms to generate an infinite chain, and unsupported silver(I)–silver(I) interactions exist between neighboring chains. Of the two independent 4-(hydroxymethyl)pyridinium ions in 2, one acts in the O-ligating mode, which is observed for the first time, while the other merely serves to provide charge balance and space-filling. Both 3 and 4 are layer-type structures in which the basic building unit is a distorted monocapped octahedron and monocapped trigonal prism, respectively.     

Lubrication of the mixed system of Triton X-100/n-C10H21OH/H2O lamellar liquid crystal and ZnS nanoparticles

ZnS nanoparticles could be synthesized, when two kinds of Triton X-100/n-C₁₀H₂₁OH/H₂O lamellar liquid crystal were mixed, in which Zn(CH₃COO)₂ and Na₂S were dissolved in the solvent layer, respectively. The size of ZnS nanoparticles was about 10 nm and limited by the thickness of the solvent layer of the lamellar liquid crystal. The lubrication properties of the mixed system of Triton X-100/n-C₁₀H₂₁OH/H₂O lamellar liquid crystal and ZnS nanoparticles were determined. The results showed that the presence of ZnS nanoparticles could improve the anti-wear ability of the Triton X-100/n-C₁₀H₂₁OH/H₂O lamellar liquid crystal and decrease its friction coefficient.     

Computational studies on the thermal decomposition and isomerization of CHBr2O radical

The unimolecular decomposition study of dibromomethoxy radical, CHBr₂O, and its isomeric hydroxy dibromomethyl radical, CBr₂OH, is carried out using ab initio electronic molecular structure methods. Three kinds of reaction pathways are examined, C–H and C–Br bond scissions, intramolecular three-center HBr elimination and isomerization. Based on the ab initio results, energy-specific rate coefficients k(E) and thermal rate constants k(T,P) are evaluated using RRKM theory and master equation numerical analysis. Relevance to existing experimental evidence is discussed.     

Theoretical Study on the Kinetics for the Reactions of Heptyl Radicals with Methanol

Ab initio study of the reactions of n-heptyl radicals(1-C₇H₁₅, 2-C₇H₁₅, 3-C₇H₁₅, and 4-C₇H₁₅) with methanol was conducted over the temperature range of 300-1500 K. Transition states for the reaction channels producing C₇H₁₅OH, CH₃, C₇H₁₅OCH₃, H, C₇H₁₆, CH₂OH and CH₃O were identified and the geometries of all stationary points were calculated at BB1K/MG3S level of theory. The potential barrier heights of the corresponding transition states were predicted by the CBS-QB3//BB1K and G4//BB1K methods, indicating that the eight H-abstraction channels are more kinetically favorable than the channels where OH transfers from CH₃OH to C₇H₁₅ and where the C₇H₁₅OCH₃+H products are given. The rate constants of H-abstraction channels were calculated with TST and TST/Eck. Both the forward and reverse rate constants have positive temperature dependence and the tunneling effect is only important at the temperature lower than 700 K. For the reactions of H-atom abstraction from methyl in CH₃OH by n-heptyl, a reverse and the corresponding forward rate constant are roughly equal. For the reactions of H-atom abstraction from OH in CH₃OH by n-heptyl, a reverse rate constant is larger by several orders of magnitude than the corresponding forward one.     

Spectroscopic Properties of Quercetin Derivatives, Quercetin-3-O-rhamnoside and Quercetin-3-O-rutinoside, in Hydro-organic Mixed Solvents

The characteristic fluorescence properties of quercetin-3- O -rhamnoside (QCRM) and quercetin-3- O -rutinoside (QCRT) were studied in CH₃OH–H₂O and CH₃CN–H₂O mixed solvents. Although QCRM and QCRT are known as nonfluorescent molecules, significant fluorescence emissions were discovered at 360 nm in CH₃OH and CH₃CN when they were promoted to the second excited state. The emission band is broad and structureless and the intensity decreases quickly as the H₂O composition in the solvent increases. When the amount of H₂O exceeds 60% in both mixed solvents, this emission disappears due to the formation of the distorted excited state. This state will be formed due to the strong intermolecular hydrogen bonding between the polar groups of solute and H₂O. As the composition of CH₃OH or CH₃CN in solvent becomes large, the number of molecules having several intramolecular hydrogen bonding increases. Some of these molecules will be changed to a fluorescent species during the decay process, after excitation. The theoretical calculation further supports these results. The change of the lifetimes, quantum yields, and radiative and nonradiative rate constants of molecules was also examined as a function of solvatochromic parameters for CH₃OH–H₂O and CH₃CN–H₂O.