混合模式毛细管聚合物整体柱的制备及应用

混合模式毛细管整体色谱柱由于保留机理多样,具有很好的应用前景。本文以[2-（甲基丙烯酰基氧基）乙基]二甲基-（3-磺酸丙基）氢氧化铵（SPE）为单体,乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯（EDMA）为交联剂,偶氮二异丁腈（AIBN）为引发剂,正丙醇/1,4-丁二醇/水三元体系为致孔剂,制备了聚合物基质SPE-co-EDMA毛细管液相色谱整体柱。通过系统优化致孔剂和反应物种类和配比、引发剂的用量、反应时间和反应温度等因素,提高了整体柱的柱效、机械强度、渗透性和重复性。结果表明该毛细管整体柱在10 MPa内具有良好的机械强度,渗透性为2.17×10^-14 m²,而且批次内和批次间峰面积的重现性（RSD）分别为1.0%和4.6%。以极性和非极性的多种化合物评价了该毛细管整体柱的色谱性能,结果表明该柱在高有机相中具有亲水相互作用机理,在低有机相中具有反相作用机理,显示出混合模式分离特性。     

丙基脲硅胶毛细管整体柱的制备及性能研究

采用溶胶-凝胶技术在毛细管中原位合成硅胶整体柱,通过表面化学修饰技术制备了极性的丙基脲硅胶整体柱.对所制备的整体柱柱性能进行了评价,考察了极性物质在该整体柱上的保留行为,并对其可能的保留机理进行了探讨.研究表明,该柱在亲水作用电色谱模式下能有效分离苯酚类极性小分子化合物.     

溶胶-凝胶法制备用于分离极性有机化合物的毛细管气相色谱柱

南京师范大学化学与环境科学学院王东新等人采用溶胶-凝胶法制备用于分离极性有机化合物的毛细管气相色谱柱,其制备工艺简单,制柱时间较传统工艺大为缩短。该柱涂层与毛细管内壁间形成的化学键使毛细管柱具有很好     

纳米硅胶多孔层毛细管气相色谱柱的原位溶胶-凝胶法制备及其应用

采用原位溶胶-凝胶法在毛细管内壁上合成出均匀的纳米硅胶多孔层,对纳米硅胶颗粒进行了形貌表征,同时考察了不同反应条件下合成的纳米硅胶的比表面积、孔容和孔径的变化规律。先采用含氢硅油高温键合固化硅胶层,然后用无机盐淋洗钝化毛细管色谱柱,制备出纳米多孔层硅胶毛细管色谱柱。考察了所制备的纳米多孔层硅胶毛细管色谱柱对挥发性氟氯烃、水中氯代烃、含硫化合物以及低碳烃的分离特性。结果表明:所制备的纳米多孔层硅胶毛细管色谱柱具有良好的分离能力、一定的抗水性、稳定的色谱保留特性和良好的制柱重复性。     

手性有序无机介孔硅用作气相色谱固定相

手性介孔材料在手性分离、不对称催化、手性传感等领域具有广泛的应用价值。手性有序无机介孔硅是一类介孔结构高度有序、不含有机成分的手性材料。该文采用D-苯丙氨酸为手性源合成手性有序无机介孔硅(COIMS),将其用聚硅氧烷(OV-1701)稀释后用作固定相制备毛细管气相色谱手性柱,并对该手性柱的分离性能进行了考察,8种手性化合物在该手性柱上得到了拆分。COIMS柱对直链烷烃、醇的分离也表现出良好的选择性。该柱还具有分析时间短、在较高温度下测定稳定等优点,其具有开发成高温手性固定相的潜力。     

新型季磷离子液体气相色谱柱的制备及应用

选择季磷型离子液体为气相色谱固定相,采用静态法将其涂渍于纳米级SiO2预处理的毛细管内壁上制备成毛细管气相色谱柱.考察了此固定相的基本色谱性能和极性,并详细研究了其对多种化合物的分离性能和保留特点.研究表明,此该离子液体色谱柱的柱效为1381 plates/m,极性为559.6,与商品化的聚乙二醇(PEG20M)和硝基对苯二甲酸改性的聚乙二醇(FFAP)柱的极性相近.此固定相对给质子体化合物的保留作用明显强于PEG20M,并且其对芳香化合物的间位和对位异构体的分离选择性明显优于自制的PEG20M.此固定相对芳香位置异构体、烷烃、多环芳烃、氯苯、醇类等均具有较好的分离效果.     

原位合成一体化多孔聚合物毛细管色谱柱的研制及其应用

采用全新的两步原位合成法,制备高效一体化U型多孔层聚合物颗粒PLOT Pora-U毛细管色谱柱。先将带有双活性反应基团的γ-三甲氧基硅丙基异丁烯酸酯中的CH3—O—Si—基团与石英毛细管内壁表面的Si—OH反应,在石英毛细管内壁键合上带有活性基团的中间有机层,再原位合成多孔聚合物。该色谱柱具有良好的惰性和较强的分离能力。与一般的商品化PLOT-U色谱柱相比,热稳定性和机械强度有明显的改善和提高,色谱柱最高使用温度提高了20 ℃,达到210 ℃,对强极性物质、强活性化合物、永久性气体以及低碳化合物有较好的分     

聚电解质纳米颗粒毛细管气相色谱柱的制备

利用带相反电荷聚电解质间的静电相互作用,制备聚电解质纳米复合颗粒,以此纳米颗粒为固定相构筑新型毛细管色谱柱,考察色谱柱的应用性能.结果表明:该毛细管柱固定相的平均麦氏常数为1159;以正十二烷为标准物质,测得的理论塔板数达2 799p·m~(-1);最高使用柱温为280℃;用该柱对非极性和极性标准样品进行分离,显示出良好的分离效果,表明该色谱柱具有一定的应用前景.     

新型二氧化硅纳米毛细管开管柱的制备及其电色谱性能的研究

本文通过原位聚合反应合成了一种基于纤维状二氧化硅纳米(fSiO_2)和聚合物(DMAEMA polymer)的材料(P-fSiO_2),将该材料采用物理吸附的方式涂覆到毛细管内壁,制备了新型的毛细管电色谱开管柱(P-fSiO_2开管柱),并将其应用于磺胺类物质的开管毛细管电色谱(OT-CEC)分离分析。P-fSiO_2开管柱的制备方法简便快捷、涂层稳定、重复性好,其中日内相对标准偏差(RSD)值小于4.3%(n=6),日间RSD小于4.9%(n=6),柱间RSD为2.2%(n=5)。通过对缓冲溶液浓度、pH值以及分离电压等因素的考察,可以实现对8种磺胺类化合物的良好分离,其中磺胺喹恶啉(SQX)的柱效高达228 542 N/m。     

原位聚合法制备碳十八甲基丙烯酸酯聚合物及其用作开管毛细管电色谱固定相

以十八碳醇甲基丙烯酸酯为单体、乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯为交联剂,采用原位聚合法合成了一种新型毛细管开管柱固定相,优化了毛细管开管柱的制备参数。柱内表面的电镜图像显示其具有多孔皱褶、质地均匀的结构特征。将其应用于甲苯、乙苯、丙苯、丁苯、戊苯和己苯的分离试验中,6种化合物达到了完全分离,出峰顺序与它们的疏水性一致,表明该柱有明显的疏水色谱作用。在10 mmol/L磷酸盐(pH 8.5,含50%(v/v)乙腈)流动相、16 kV电压下,该开管柱成功地分离了4种抗癫痫类药物,柱效范围为35300~49800 塔板/m,与空柱管相比分离效果明显提高。结果表明通过本实验的原位聚合法可制备具有反相色谱作用的有机基质碳十八开管毛细管电色谱柱。     

Sol-gel technique for the preparation of beta-cyclodextrin derivative stationary phase in open-tubular capillary electrochromatography

A novel open-tubular capillary electrochromatography (OT-CEC) column coated with 2,6-dibutyl-beta-cyclodextrin (DB-beta-CD) was prepared using sol-gel technique. In the sol-gel approach, owing to the three-dimensional network of sol-gel and the strong chemical bond between the stationary phase and the surface of capillary columns, good chromatographic characteristics and unique selectivity in separating isomers were shown. We achieved high efficiencies of 5-14 x 10(4) plates/m for the isomeric nitrophenols using the sol-gel-derived DB-beta-CD columns. The migration time reproducibility of the separation of the isomeric nitrophenols was better than 2.2% over five runs and 4.5% from column to column. These sol-gel-coated DB-beta-CD columns have shown improved separations of isomeric aminophenols, isomeric dihydroxybenzenes and isomeric nitrophenols, in comparison with the sol-gel matrix capillary column. The influences of buffer pH and methanol solvent on separation were investigated. The chiral resolution of enantiomers such as ibuprofen and binaphthol was explored primarily.     

Advances in sol-gel based columns for capillary electrochromatography: sol-gel open-tubular columns

The development of sol-gel open-tubular column technology in capillary electrochromatography (CEC) is reviewed. Sol-gel column technology offers a versatile means of creating organic-inorganic hybrid stationary phases. Sol-gel column technology provides a general approach to column fabrication for microseparation techniques including CEC, and is amenable to both open-tubular and monolithic columns. Direct chemical bonding of the stationary phase to the capillary inner walls provides enhanced thermal and solvent stability to sol-gel columns. Sol-gel stationary phases inherently possess higher surface area, and thus provide an effective one-step alternative to conventional open-tubular column technology. Sol-gel column technology is applicable to both silica-based and transition metal oxide-based hybrid stationary phases, and thus, provides a great opportunity to utilize advanced material properties of a wide range of nontraditional stationary phases to achieve enhanced selectivity in analytical microseparations. A wide variety of stationary phase ligands can be chemically immobilized on the capillary inner surface using a single-step sol-gel procedure. Sol-gel chemistry can be applied to design stationary phases with desired chromatographic characteristics, including the possibility of creating columns with either a positive or a negative charge on the stationary phase surface. This provides a new tool to control electroosmotic flow (EOF) in the column. Column efficiencies on the order of half a million theoretical plates per meter have been reported for sol-gel open-tubular CEC columns. The selectivity of sol-gel stationary phases can be easily fine-tuned by adjusting the composition of the coating sol solution. Open-tubular columns have significant advantages over their packed counterparts because of the simplicity in column making and hassle-free fritless operation. Open-tubular CEC columns possess low sample capacity and low detection sensitivity. Full utilization of the analytical potential of sol-gel open-tubular columns will require a concomitant development in the area of high-sensitivity detection technology.     

Capillary electrochromatography using continuous-bed columns of sol-gel bonded silica particles with mixed-mode octadecyl and propylsulfonic acid functional groups

Continuous-bed columns containing sol-gel bonded 3 microm silica particles with mixed-mode octadecyl and propylsulfonic acid functional groups (ODS/SCX) were prepared by first packing the ODS/SCX particles into a fused-silica capillary, then filling the packed capillary with a siliceous sol-gel, curing the sol-gel, and finally drying the column with supercritical carbon dioxide. The performance of the sol-gel bonded ODS/SCX columns was evaluated for capillary electrochromatography using acetonitrile aqueous mobile phase containing phosphate buffer. The columns were mechanically strong and permeable. Both EOF velocity and current increased linearly with elevation of the applied electric field strength. The EOF velocity was high at low pH and nearly constant over a range of pH 2-9. Higher buffer concentration resulted in higher current and lower EOF velocity. The acetonitrile content had no significant effect on the EOF. Without thermosetting the column, no bubble formation was noticed with currents up to 2.5 microA. The minimum plate height of a 25/34 cm x 75 microm I.D. sol-gel bonded 3 microm ODS/SCX column was 5.7 microm (1.75 x 10(5) plates per meter) at an optimum EOF velocity of 0.92 mm s(-1). Mixtures of test aromatic compounds and aromatic hydrocarbon homologues gave symmetrical peaks when using a low pH mobile phase. The retention and elution order of aromatic compounds represented a typical reversed-phase separation mechanism similar to conventional ODS columns. The run-to-run and column-to-column retention factor reproducibility was better than 2.5% and 8.0% RSD, respectively.     

溶胶-凝胶法制备高热稳定性的毛细管气相色谱柱

毛细管气相色谱柱的传统制备工艺都较为复杂,周期较长,同时固定相和石英毛细管内壁间通常并无化学键生成,在较高温度下使用时固定相的流失严重,导致这类色谱柱的最高允许使用温度不很高．溶胶-凝胶法是一种快速有效的制备色谱柱的新技术,近年来经常应用于高效液相色谱、毛细管电色谱和固定相微萃取等分析化学的许多领域．在气相色谱方面,溶胶-凝胶端羟基聚硅氧烷柱、溶胶-凝胶聚乙二醇柱和溶胶-凝胶开链冠醚柱已相继制备出来,在用溶胶-凝胶     

Alkylthiol gold nanoparticles in sol-gel-based open tubular capillary electrochromatography

A novel open-tubular capillary electrochromatography (OTCEC) column was prepared by immobilizing dodecanethiol gold nanoparticles on prederivatised fused-silica capillary columns with sol-gel technology. 3-Mercaptopropyl-trimethoxysilane (MPTMS) was selected as sol-gel precursor to develop a sol-gel layer on the inner wall of the capillary, prior to assembly of dodecanethiol gold nanoparticles onto the generated sol-gel layer through specific interaction between the gold nanoparticles and surface terminating thiol groups. The electrochromatographic behaviour of the sol-gel gold nanoparticle capillary was compared with a gold nanoparticle capillary prepared via MPTMS surface functionalisation, through variation of the percentage of the organic modifier, pH, and separation voltage. Efficient separation for a "reversed-phase" test mixture of thiourea, naphthalene, and biphenyl and for selected polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) was obtained on the sol-gel based gold nanoparticle capillaries. OTCEC separations of three selected drug substances (propiophenone, benzoin, and warfarin) were also demonstrated. Scanning electron microscopy was used for the characterization of the sol-gel gold nanoparticle capillary surface. The results confirm that dodecanethiol gold nanoparticles, bound on the sol-gel-based inner layer of fused-silica capillary, can provide sufficient solute-bonded phase interactions for OTCEC with reproducible retention as well as characteristic reversed-phase behaviour.     

Reduced-bore monolithic silica column modified with C8-TEOS for reversed-phase electrochromatography

Monolithic silica columns of 2.7 mm ID were prepared and derivatized with C8-TEOS and TEOS by on-column sol-gel reaction. These C8 large diameter monolithic silica columns gave 21 000 theoretical plates for aromatic hydrocarbons in 60% acetonitrile and 40% Tris-HCI buffer. The surface areas as well as the separation reproducibility were improved on coating by the sol-gel approach. Joule heating was greatly reduced by using monolithic columns to which fine quartz sand had been added during column preparation. Since this is a preliminary investigation on a monolithic column with such a large inner diameter, the separation efficiency was not so high as that presently achieved in normal capillary electrochromatography (CEC). However, use of the columns improved sample loadability and concentration detectability of electrochromatography, and semi-preparative separations could be performed.     

External polyacrylate-coating as alternative material for preparation of photopolymerized sol-gel monolithic column

Photopolymerized sol-gel monolithic columns for use in capillary electrochromatography were prepared in 125 microm i.d. polyacrylate-coated fused-silica capillaries. The polyacrylate-coating, unlike the polyimide one, is transparent to the radiation used (approximately 370 nm), and thus, no coating removal is necessary. This is a very important particularity since intrinsic capillary column characteristics, such as flexibility and mechanical resistance, are unchanged. A mixture containing metacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane (MPTMS) as the polymeric precursor, hydrochloric acid as the catalyst, toluene as the porogen and bis(2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl)-phenylphosphine oxide (Irgacure 819) as the photoinitiator was irradiated at 370 nm for 20 min inside the capillaries to prepare the columns through sol-gel approach. The versatility and viability of the use of polyacrilate as a new capillary external coating were shown through preparation of two columns under different conditions, which were tested in electrochromatography for separation of standard mixture containing thiourea (marker compound), propylbenzene, phenanthrene and pyrene.     

Quantitative determination of triacylglycerols separated on capillary columns according to acyl carbon number and level of unsaturation

The quantitative determination of triacylglycerols separated according to acyl carbon numbers and level of unsaturation was studied on two 10-m immobilised SE-54 columns. The fat samples were silylated before on-column injection. The 0.2 mm I.D. column showed higher resolving power and the 0.32 mm I.D. column better repeatability. The application to real quantitations was investigated with analyses of butter-fat solid and liquid fractions and of untreated and interesterified 70-30 mixtures of butter-fat solid fraction and hydrogenated rapeseed oil. Changes in the triacylglycerol composition induced by interesterification and fractionation are so pronounced that analysis on capillary columns can be recommended, in spite of only fair repeatability.     

溶胶-凝胶法制备毛细管硅胶整体柱的研究进展

毛细管硅胶整体柱作为一种新型的分离介质,在色谱领域显示出了强大的生命力。本评述介绍了溶胶-凝胶法制备毛细管硅胶整体柱的方法,重点分析了溶胶-凝胶法制备毛细管硅胶整体柱的影响因素,总结了近几年毛细管硅胶整体柱在高效液相色谱和电色谱中的应用。     

Cyclodextrin-modified monolithic columns for resolving dansyl amino acid enantiomers and positional isomers by capillary electrochromatography

We describe beta- and gamma-cyclodextrins (beta- and gamma-CD)-modified monolithic columns prepared by sol-gel process and chemical modifications. The monolithic silica column was fabricated inside a fused-silica capillary with 100 microm inner diameter by sol-gel process. The monolithic silica matrix was chemically modified chiral selectors of beta- or gamma-CDs with a spacer of 3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane by on-column reactions. Gamma-CD-modified monolithic column has successfully been applied for the separation of dansyl amino acid enantiomers. Beta-CD-modified monolithic column has been used for the separation of the positional isomers of o-, m-, and p-cresols and the enantioseparation of racemates of benzoin and several dansyl amino acids by capillary electrochromatography, respectively. For the separation of neutral positional isomers, a positive electric field was applied. However, for the separation of negatively charged analytes, a negative electric field was applied at the inlet of column. The separation efficiency of 5.0 x 10(4) theoretical plates/m for dansyl-L-threonine was obtained at electric field strength of -300 V/cm in the mobile phase of 50 mM 2-(N-morpholino)ethanesulfonic acid (MES)-Tris/methanol (70/30) buffer at pH 7.0. L-enantiomers were eluted as the first peak. Scanning electron micrograph showed that monolithic columns have the morphology of continuous skeleton and large through-pores.