聚L-白氨酸-碳纳米管修饰电极同时检测对苯二酚和邻苯二酚

用Nafion将单壁碳纳米管(SWCNT)固定到玻碳电极(GCE)上,再利用电化学聚合方法将L-白氨酸(L-LEU)聚合到SWCNT/GCE上,制备得到poly L-LEU/SWCNT/GCE修饰电极。采用循环伏安法(CV)、差分脉冲伏安法(DPV)和电化学交流阻抗法(EIS)研究了对苯二酚(HQ)、邻苯二酚(CC)共存时,二者在修饰电极上的电化学行为。结果表明:此修饰电极对HQ和CC有很好的电催化和分离作用。二者在修饰电极上的氧化还原峰电流与GCE相比显著增强,HQ和CC的氧化峰电位差和还原峰电位差分别为124 mV和131 mV。HQ和CC的检测线性范围分别为2.0×10-7~1.0×10-4、5.0×10-7~1.0×10-4mol/L。检出限分别为8.0×10-8、1.0×10-7mol/L。制备的修饰电极重现性、稳定性良好。在模拟废水中采用该修饰电极对HQ和CC进行检测,结果满意。     

盐酸氯丙嗪-联吡啶钌体系在多壁碳纳米管修饰电极上的电化学发光行为研究及盐酸氯丙嗪的测定

在玻碳电极上成功制备了多壁碳纳米管修饰电极(MWCNTs/GCE),优化了该修饰电极的制备条件.研究了联吡啶钌和盐酸氯丙嗪在该修饰电极上的电化学行为和电化学发光行为,建立了电化学发光法测定尿液中盐酸氯丙嗪的分析方法.结果表明,联吡啶钌-氯丙嗪体系在MWCNTs/GCE上表现出很好的电化学活性和电致化学发光响应,多壁碳纳米管不但增大了玻碳电极的比表面积而且加快了联吡啶钌在电极表面的电化学氧化,对联吡啶钌的电化学发光强度具有明显的增敏作用,同时盐酸氯丙嗪对联吡啶钌在该修饰电极上的电致化学发光具有很强的增敏作用.在0.1 mol/L的磷酸盐(pH 7.5)缓冲溶液中,盐酸氯丙嗪在该修饰电极上的检出限(S/N=3)为6.0×10-7 mol/L,在1.0×10-6 ～4.0×10-4 mol/L范围内浓度与相对发光强度呈线性关系(r=0.995 2).连续测定6.0×10-5 mol/L的盐酸氯丙嗪溶液13次,发光强度的RSD值为2.50%,表明该修饰电极具有较好的重复性.该方法已经成功地应用于尿样的检测.     

循环伏安法研究利福平的电化学行为

采用循环伏安法研究了利福平在多壁碳纳米管修饰电极(MWCNT′s/GCE)上的电化学行为。结果表明:在pH 1.2的0.2mol.L-1硫酸-硫酸钠溶液中,修饰电极对利福平有良好的电催化作用,能够显著提高氧化还原峰电流,还原峰电流与利福平浓度分别在6.6×10-8～6.8×10-6 mol.L-1,6.8×10-6～4.8×10-5 mol.L-1范围内呈线性关系,检出限(3S/N)为3.0×10-8 mol.L-1。对利福平在修饰电极(MWCNT′s/GCE)上的电化学动力学性质进行了研究。     

纳米金/石墨烯复合膜修饰电极检测异烟肼EI北大核心CSCD

先采用滴涂法制备了石墨烯修饰电极(GR/GCE),然后采用电化学方法将纳米金沉积于石墨烯表面制备了纳米金/石墨烯复合材料修饰电极(Au NPs/GR/GCE)。研究了异烟肼(isoniazid,INZ)在该Au NPs/GR/GCE上的电化学行为。结果表明,异烟肼在该修饰电极上有良好的电化学响应。在优化条件下,线性扫描伏安法测定异烟肼的线性范围为1.0×10-7~1.0×10-4mol/L,检出限为5.0×10-8mol/L(S/N=3)。用该法测定了异烟肼注射液中异烟肼的含量,结果令人满意。     

纳米金/石墨烯复合膜修饰电极检测异烟肼

先采用滴涂法制备了石墨烯修饰电极(GR/GCE),然后采用电化学方法将纳米金沉积于石墨烯表面制备了纳米金/石墨烯复合材料修饰电极(Au NPs/GR/GCE)。研究了异烟肼(isoniazid,INZ)在该Au NPs/GR/GCE上的电化学行为。结果表明,异烟肼在该修饰电极上有良好的电化学响应。在优化条件下,线性扫描伏安法测定异烟肼的线性范围为1.0×10-7~1.0×10-4mol/L,检出限为5.0×10-8mol/L(S/N=3)。用该法测定了异烟肼注射液中异烟肼的含量,结果令人满意。     

电沉积纳米ZnO修饰玻碳电极交流阻抗法测定硫离子

以Zn(NO3)2和KCl为支持解液,在裸玻碳电极(GCE)上电化学沉积一层纳米Zn O薄膜,制备出一种基于纳米Zn O修饰电极(Zn O/GCE)用于检测S2-的电化学传感器。电化学循环伏安法(CV)表明该修饰电极具有大的比表面积及良好导电性能。将Zn O/GCE置于微酸性的Na2S(p H 6.5)溶液中进行富集反应12 min后,可得到恒定的电化学交流阻抗值(Ret)。在最优实验条件下,该制备电极可成功应用于检测不同浓度的Na2S溶液,其ΔRet值与Na2S浓度范围(1.0×10-7~1.0×10-3mol/L)的对数呈良好的线性关系,检出限为6.37×10-8mol/L。制备电极(Zn O/GCE)可应用于实际水样中硫化物的检测。     

氧化铜/还原氧化石墨烯-多壁碳纳米管复合膜电极检测L-酪氨酸

采用水合肼原位化学还原法制备了还原氧化石墨烯(rGO)-多壁碳纳米管(MWCNTs)复合物,将该复合物滴涂于玻碳电极表面,通过电化学方法向该复合膜表面沉积了纳米氧化铜(CuO),制得氧化铜-还原氧化石墨烯-多壁碳纳米管三元复合物修饰电极(CuO-rGO-MWCNTs/GCE)。通过扫描电镜、EDS能谱及电化学交流阻抗技术对该电极进行了表征。研究了L-酪氨酸(L-Tyr)在该修饰电极上的电化学行为。结果表明,CuO-rGO-MWCNTs/GCE对L-Tyr的电氧化表现出高的催化活性。在优化实验条件下,安培法检测L-Tyr的线性范围为2.0×10~(-8)~1.8×10~(-4)mol/L,检出限为5.0×10~(-9)mol/L(S/N=3)。     

聚L-半胱氨酸/还原氧化石墨烯/Nafion修饰玻碳电极对芦丁的电化学传感行为研究

本文采用滴涂法制备了还原氧化石墨烯/Nafion溶液修饰玻碳电极(rGO/Nafion/GCE),用电化学聚合法将L-半胱氨酸(L-Cys)聚合在rGO/Nafion/GCE表面,得到Poly-L-Cys/rGO/Nafion/GCE。采用伏安法研究了芦丁在该修饰电极上的电化学行为及其影响因素。结果表明,L-Cys的电聚合圈数对修饰电极的电化学性能具有一定的影响。在最优条件下,芦丁的峰电流与其浓度在2.0×10~(-8)~1.0×10~(-5) mol/L内呈现好的线性关系,检出限(S/N=3)为1.0×10~(-8) mol/L。     

聚缬氨酸修饰电极在抗坏血酸共存下选择性测定去甲肾上腺素

利用循环伏安法制备了聚缬氨酸修饰电极,在缬氨酸浓度为0.01 mol/L的磷酸盐缓冲溶液(pH=9.0)中,起止电位范围为1.0～2.4 V,以40 mV/s扫描速率循环扫描9周进行聚合. 聚缬氨酸膜对去甲肾上腺素(NE)的电化学氧化具有明显的催化作用. 研究了NE在聚缬氨酸修饰电极上的电化学行为,建立了测定NE的电化学分析新方法. pH值在2.2～8.0范围内,研究了磷酸盐缓冲溶液pH值对NE电化学行为的影响. 结果表明,氧化还原峰电位随pH值升高发生负移;在pH=4.0磷酸盐缓冲溶液中,NE在修饰电极上呈现1对灵敏的氧化还原峰,利用循环伏安法测定NE还原峰电流可排除抗坏血酸(AA)干扰. NE在聚缬氨酸修饰电极上的还原峰电流与其浓度在4.6×10-7～1.1×10-5 mol/L和1.1×10-5～1.2×10-4 mol/L范围内呈良好线性关系;相关系数分别为0.995 7和0.991 8;检出限(S/N=3)为8.0×10-8 mol/L;其回归方程为ipc(A)=6.80×10-7+1.05c,ipc(A)=1.23×10-5+0.16c. 修饰电极具有良好的灵敏度、选择性和稳定性,可用于去甲肾上腺素针剂样品分析.     

呋喃唑酮在多壁碳纳米管修饰电极上的电化学行为及分析应用

本文采用循环伏安法(CV)和差分脉冲伏安法(DPV),研究了呋喃唑酮(FZ)在多壁碳纳米管修饰玻碳电极(MWNTs/GCE)上的电化学行为。对影响该修饰电极电流大小的主要条件,如底液的pH值、富集电位和富集时间等进行了优化。结果表明:FZ在MWNTs/GCE上呈现不可逆的还原峰。与裸电极相比,FZ在修饰电极上的还原峰电流明显增大。在最佳的实验条件下,其峰电流随着FZ浓度的增加而增大,在4.9×10-7～5.9×10-5 mol.L-1范围内成线性关系,检测限低至8.0×10-8 mol.L-1。该修饰电极对FZ的测定表现出良好的重现性和稳定性,可用于药物制剂中FZ的定量测定。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

Selective syntheses of 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones via temperature-dependent Rh(II)-carbenoid-mediated 2H-azirine-ring expansion

The Rh(II)-catalyzed reaction of 2-carbonyl-substituted 2H-azirines with ethyl 2-cyano-2-diazoacetate or 2-diazo-3,3,3-trifluoropropionate provides an easy access to 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones. These compounds can be selectively prepared from the same starting material using temperature as the only varied parameter. The 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, a common precursor for both heterocyclic products, isomerizes into 2H-1,3-oxazine under kinetic control, while 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-one is the sole product of the reaction at elevated temperatures. According to DFT-calculations a one-atom oxazine ring contraction involving ring-opening to a 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, followed by a 1,5- and 1,2-prototropic shift leads to the consecutive formation of imidoylketene and azomethine ylide, which then further undergo cyclization to the pyrrole derivative.     

Copper catalyzed/mediated synthetic methodology for ebselen and related isoselenazolones

Scope of the copper catalyzed/mediated selenium-nitrogen coupling reaction has been studied for the synthesis of isoselenazolones. It is noticed that the 2-chloro, 2-bromo-, and 2-iodo-aryl amides substrates can be exploited in the selenium-nitrogen coupling reaction by employing 25-100 mol % of CuI/1,10-phenanthroline (L) and potassium carbonate as a base in DMF. Furthermore, electron rich 2-chloro-arylamides also underwent selenium-nitrogen coupling reaction to give biologically important selenium-nitrogen heterocycles. Also, copper-catalyzed selenium-nitrogen coupling reaction has been meticulously applied for the synthesis of diaryl diselenides having methoxy, amine, and amide functionality from respective aryl iodides in the presence of stoichiometric amount of succinimide as an external Se-N coupling partner.