共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 31 毫秒
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梁建;王华光;张泽新 《物理学报》2024,(14):274-280
复杂受限环境中的扩散研究在凝聚态物理领域中备受关注.胶体体系的出现,为定量研究微观粒子的受限扩散提供了卓越的实验模型系统.当胶体粒子的形状由球形变为椭球形时,体系展现出各向异性的扩散动力学特性.近年来,研究者们发现粗糙表面能够诱发球形胶体体系异常的旋转动力学.然而,由于实验体系的局限性,粗糙表面对椭球形胶体粒子的受限扩散的影响依然知之甚少.本文建立了胶体受限扩散的模型体系,由粗糙圆球胶体构成受限环境,研究了粗糙和光滑椭球在其中的受限扩散.当圆球的堆积分数较低时,粗糙表面未发挥作用,因此光滑和粗糙椭球的平动和转动扩散相近.随着圆球堆积分数的增高,粗糙表面之间发生互锁,导致粗糙椭球的平动扩散明显慢于光滑椭球;随着堆积分数的进一步增高,由于粗糙表面产生的空间位阻效应,粗糙椭球的转动扩散也显著慢于光滑椭球.该工作表明粗糙表面会改变椭球的受限扩散,为揭示复杂环境中具有粗糙表面物质的扩散规律提供了实验依据. 相似文献
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本文利用微积分方法,给出计算球壳、球体转动惯量的一种简易办法,又利用正交轴定理,给出椭球壳、椭球体的转动惯量. 相似文献
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取向比对椭球气溶胶粒子散射特性的影响 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
利用T矩阵和离散坐标法研究了取向比对椭球粒子散射特性的影响, 计算了小尺度范围内椭球粒子的散射特征参量, 包括消光效率因子、不对称因子、单次散射反照率、散射相矩阵及双向反射函数(BRDF). 结果表明, 椭球粒子的散射特性与取向比密切相关, 粒子取向比会影响散射参量的振荡频率和振幅, 与球形粒子散射参量的相对差异也呈周期振荡趋势. 研究还发现, 某些特殊粒子尺寸的散射参量与粒子取向比基本无关. 在多次散射条件下, 分析不同取向比粒子群的BRDF随反射角和光学厚度的变化特性. 结果显示: 不同取向比粒子群的BRDF随反射角的变化趋势基本一致, 球形粒子群比非球形粒子群的BRDF曲线波动振幅更大; 球形-非球形粒子的BRDF相对差异随光学厚度和取向比的增大而减小, 随入射角的增大而增大. 相似文献
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利用离散偶极子近似方法,考虑单元粒子之间的电磁相互作用,数值计算了随机取向的不同尺度参数、不同纵横比的群聚椭球粒子的缪勒矩阵元素,给出了各个缪勒矩阵元素的角分布曲线,探讨了随机取向的群聚椭球粒子的尺度参数、纵横比、基本粒子相对位置对其缪勒矩阵元素的影响。并将随机取向群聚椭球粒子的光散射特性与单个等效球形粒子的数值结果进行了比较。结果表明,随机取向群聚椭球粒子的光散射特性与等效球形粒子的光散射特性存在很大差别,基本粒子的形状越偏离球形,这种差别就越大; 随机取向群聚椭球粒子中椭球粒子的纵横比和相对位置对整个群聚粒子的缪勒矩阵元素存在不同程度的影响,并且此影响随着粒子尺度参数的增大而变得更加显著。 相似文献
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利用离散偶极子近似方法,考虑单元粒子之间的电磁相互作用,数值计算了随机取向的不同尺度参数、不同纵横比的群聚椭球粒子的缪勒矩阵元素,给出了各个缪勒矩阵元素的角分布曲线,探讨了随机取向的群聚椭球粒子的尺度参数、纵横比、基本粒子相对位置对其缪勒矩阵元素的影响。并将随机取向群聚椭球粒子的光散射特性与单个等效球形粒子的数值结果进行了比较。结果表明,随机取向群聚椭球粒子的光散射特性与等效球形粒子的光散射特性存在很大差别,基本粒子的形状越偏离球形,这种差别就越大; 随机取向群聚椭球粒子中椭球粒子的纵横比和相对位置对整个群聚粒子的缪勒矩阵元素存在不同程度的影响,并且此影响随着粒子尺度参数的增大而变得更加显著。 相似文献
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Grebenkov DS 《Journal of magnetic resonance (San Diego, Calif. : 1997)》2011,208(2):243-255
A new method for computing the signal attenuation due to restricted diffusion in a linear magnetic field gradient is proposed. A fast random walk (FRW) algorithm for simulating random trajectories of diffusing spin-bearing particles is combined with gradient encoding. As random moves of a FRW are continuously adapted to local geometrical length scales, the method is efficient for simulating pulsed-gradient spin-echo experiments in hierarchical or multiscale porous media such as concrete, sandstones, sedimentary rocks and, potentially, brain or lungs. 相似文献
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Michael Betancourt 《Annalen der Physik》2019,531(3)
From its inception in the 1950s to the modern frontiers of applied statistics, Markov chain Monte Carlo has been one of the most ubiquitous and successful methods in statistical computing. The development of the method in that time has been fueled by not only increasingly difficult problems but also novel techniques adopted from physics. Here, the history of Markov chain Monte Carlo is reviewed from its inception with the Metropolis method to the contemporary state‐of‐the‐art in Hamiltonian Monte Carlo, focusing on the evolving interplay between the statistical and physical perspectives of the method. 相似文献
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利用蒙特卡罗方法对水介质中的气泡幕的后向光散射回波信号进行了系统仿真。通过对计算结果与实验结果的比较,证明了蒙特卡罗方法的有效性。根据仿真结果,结合理论分析的方法,对气泡幕位置、厚度和接收器视场角等参数对回波信号的影响进行了分析,结果表明:回波信号出现时间与气泡幕位置存在一一对应的关系;在气泡幕的衰减系数ρσt不变的情况下,存在一个有效气泡幕厚度,当大于该厚度时,气泡幕的后向光散射回波信号基本不变;在系统各项参数不变的情况下,适当增加接收器的视场角,可有效地提高回波信号的信噪比。 相似文献
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When doing Monte Carlo simulations using continuous potentials, the evaluation of the configurational potential energy ink-space by Fourier transformation is shown to be a computationally attractive scheme for systems where the long-range interatomic interaction spans a dimension comparable to the size of the simulated system. 相似文献
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While conventional crystal structure analysis using Bragg intensities reveals only information about the average structure of the crystal, diffuse scattering contains additional information about the disorder, i.e. departure from the average structure, of the studied material. Two different approaches to the analysis of diffuse scattering based on Monte Carlo methods are described in this paper: the direct Monte Carlo (MC) simulation technique and the Reverse Monte Carlo (RMC) method. The MC method requires the construction of a model for the disorder based on physical and chemical considerations and the selection of a set of near-neighbour interactions. The given model is realized by minimizing the total energy of the crystal via MC simulations. Next, the corresponding diffraction pattern is calculated and compared with the experimental data. By adjusting the near-neighbour interaction and repeating the process, a qualitative “match” between observed and calculated diffuse scattering is obtained. In contrast, the RMC method minimizes the difference between observed and calculated diffuse scattering intensities directly. This method leads to one real space structure consistent with the observed diffuse scattering but does not automatically result in a chemically sensible structure or further insight into the particular disorder problem. The first example given in this paper demonstrates the viability of the RMC method by refining diffuse scattering data calculated from simulated structures with known disorder parameters. These structures were generated using the MC technique. As a second example MC and RMC simulations of the diffuse scattering of stabilized zirconias (CSZ) are shown, modelling occupational disorder as well as displacements. 相似文献
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We study the electromigration-induced drift of monolayer Ag islands on Ag(111) which contain one Cu atom. For this purpose a three-dimensional self-learning kinetic Monte Carlo model was extended, and a realistic many-body potential was used. The only free parameters of the model are the effective valences of the Ag and Cu atoms. Due to the impurity, the island drift is significantly reduced, especially for small islands. This is traced back to sequential pinning and depinning events, which are analyzed in detail. Surprisingly, this phenomenon is qualitatively independent of the impurity's effective valence, as long as the impurity does not detach from the island edge. How strongly the drift velocity is reduced depends on the effective valence.https://doi.org/10.1209/0295-5075/110/16001 相似文献