纳米碳与石墨碳复合材料的电化学性能

在天然石墨(NG)中掺杂不同比例的碳纳米管(CNT)得到纳米碳与石墨碳的复合材料.电化学测试结果表明,在NG中掺杂质量分数为10%的CNT所得复合材料的电化学性能最好.经过20次充放电循环,该复合材料的放电容量比同样条件下的石墨提高15.9%.纳米碳管的中空式结构和不易塌陷的特点使复合材料的充放电容量和循环稳定性明显提高.     

《碳纳米材料电化学》专辑序言 ——方兴未艾的电化学能量转换和存储先进材料和技术

可以预见,在相当一段时期内,能源和环境将是全球发展的两大主题. 其实,人类对能源的获取方式将对地球的生态环境和人类未来的生存状态和生活方式产生重要影响. 正因为如此,世界各国正在大力发展可再生能源和清洁能源. 电化学能源是将化学能高效转变为电能的一种能量转换方式,它历史悠久,但不断被改进和创新,尤其是近年来得到了较快的发展. 目前,电化学能源转换和存储器件主要包括一次电池（如锌锰电池等）、二次电池（如铅酸电池、镍氢电池、锂离子电池等）、燃料电池、金属-空气电池以及超级电容器等. 电化学能源和其它可再生能源相互补充、交叉利用将是未来清洁能源的主要发展方向.     

多色荧光碳点的制备新进展

碳点(碳量子点)是在紫外-可见光吸收区域具有有效吸收的、可多色发光的新型碳纳米材料,在生物医学、环境能源和催化领域有着重要的研究应用前景。但是,在过去的10年中,无论是自上而下还是自下而上的方法,所制备碳点的发光大部分集中在蓝光-橙光范围。最近,随着制备方法的改进,有多种方法制备出了红光或近红外发光的碳点。本文简述了近3年来各类代表性的制备碳点的方法,并主要介绍了红光或近红外发光碳点的制备新进展。     

基于介孔碳纳米棒和碳纳米片的葡萄糖/氧气生物燃料电池的构筑及其用于自供能型电化学生物计算逻辑传感

本文以介孔碳纳米棒和碳纳米片为电极基底分别构筑了葡萄糖/氧气生物燃料电池(BFC).将生物计算逻辑与上述BFC相结合,所构筑的自供能型电化学生物传感器和自供能型电化学生物计算逻辑传感器可潜在用于智能糖尿病诊断.     

基于碳纳米材料载体的氢气传感器

氢气作为高效洁净的二次能源备受关注,但由于氢气无色无味、易爆炸,因此在使用的过程中必须对环境中的氢气进行检查。这就决定了氢气传感器在现代工业、燃料电池及氢的贮存和分离等的氢检测方面有着重要的应用。开发灵敏度高、选择性和稳定性好的氢气传感器一直是传感器领域研究的重要方向。由于具有独特的物理化学性质、高的比表面积和优越的电子特性,碳纳米材料常作为氢气传感器的敏感材料的载体。碳纳米复合材料在吸附氢气之后,其电子性质会发生变化,利用这个性质可以实现对氢气的检测。本文就碳纳米材料与金属纳米粒子、金属氧化物、聚合物的复合材料的氢敏感材料进行了系统的分析,综述了近年来基于碳纳米材料的氢气传感器的研究进展,并对氢气传感器的应用前景和发展趋势进行了展望,指出了需要研究的科学问题。     

碳纳米材料分析方法的研究进展

随着碳纳米材料的大量生产和应用,对不同介质中碳纳米材料的检测和表征方法显得尤为重要。本文综述了碳纳米材料常用的表征和检测技术。首先介绍了碳纳米材料的分离富集技术,包括萃取分离、分级分离以及多种分离方式结合的样品前处理技术,然后综述了电子显微镜、光谱、热分析、电化学分析、同位素标记和成像等表征技术,以及荧光光谱、激光诱导击穿光谱、质谱、扫描拉曼显微镜以及多种技术联用的定量分析方法,并对一些新兴的碳纳米材料以及一些特殊的表征检测方法进行了介绍。最后,对碳纳米材料的未来发展趋势和前景进行了展望。     

碳纳米材料及其在多相催化中的应用

碳纳米材料（包括零维、一维、二维碳纳米材料以及碳纳米孔材料）是一类新型的催化剂或催化剂载体材料,在氧化脱氢、选择加氢、合成氨、氨分解制氢以及燃料电池等多相催化领域具有广阔的应用前景。本文综述了近年来新型碳纳米材料在多相催化领域中的应用研究进展,介绍了这类催化材料的制备方法,重点阐述了碳载体的微/介观结构、掺杂、电子性质、表面性质、限域效应等对所担载的催化活性组分的分散,对反应物的扩散以及对催化反应的活性和选择性等方面的影响。     

环保型碳纳米材料在光催化制氢方面的应用（英文）

化石能源的发现和应用是工业文明快速发展的基础.然而,化石燃料的过渡开发和消耗导致能源短缺和环境污染问题日益突出.因此,迫切需要采用清洁能源替代化石能源.其中,氢气(H2)因具有热值高、无污染等优点而被认为是最有前途的清洁能源之一.目前,应用较多且比较成熟的制氢技术有电催化法、部分氧化法、自热重整法、甲醇重整法、蒸汽重整法和生物法.但是,这些技术的能耗和成本都比较高.光催化制氢技术可实现太阳能的转化和利用,被认为是解决能源短缺和环境污染问题的有效方法之一,受到广泛关注.光催化制氢主要采用贵金属催化剂,但贵金属稀缺且成本高,严重限制了其大规模应用.因此,迫切需要寻找一种便宜、高效和稳定的光催化制氢催化剂.碳纳米结构材料(CNMs)具有优异的结构和半导体性能,包括良好的导电性、较大的比表面积、较好的热稳定性和化学稳定性,可以有效地参与光催化制氢.此外, CNMs和光催化剂的结合可以增强反应物的吸附位点和活性中心,加速电荷分离和传输,抑制光激发的电子-空穴对的复合.同时, CNMs可以减少催化剂颗粒的聚集,改善催化剂颗粒的分布.CNMs还具有光敏性或光热效应,可以大大提高光催化制氢的效率.特别...     

基于碳纳米材料的无酶电化学传感器同时检测抗坏血酸、多巴胺和尿酸

人体中抗坏血酸（AA）、多巴胺（DA）和尿酸（UA）的浓度失调可能导致一系列疾病,如癌症、老年痴呆症、高尿酸血症等,而且这三个物种通常共存于体液中,有接近的氧化还原电位,因此实现三者的同时检测,既具有一定的难度,又具有极其重要的现实意义。近年来用于同时检测AA、DA和UA的电化学传感器取得了令人瞩目的进展,其中碳材料因其成本低廉、导电性好、稳定性好、比表面积大等特点逐渐引起人们的广泛关注。本文综述了基于碳材料构筑的检测AA、DA和UA的无酶电化学传感器的研究进展,对此类电化学传感器的今后发展做了展望。     

Analytical nanoscience and nanotechnology today and tomorrow

This article discusses the mutual impact of nanotechnology and analytical science and illustrates how this technical trend can be expected to strengthen the role of analytical chemists. To this end, it defines the limits of actual nanotechnological approaches and uses selected examples to illustrate the three major relationships between nanotechnology and analytical science, namely: the design and use of nanodevices; the use of nanoparticles (and nanostructures) in analytical processes; and the extraction of accurate chemical information from the nanoworld. Finally, the future of analytical nanotechnology in the short and medium term is briefly addressed.     

电子显微镜下的纳米世界

以高中阶段知识为基础,简述了扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜等电镜技术的发展和基本原理,并以实际应用案例介绍了电镜技术在纳米科学领域的应用,最后给出了电镜技术的未来发展前景。     

Promising avenues of research in nanoscience: chemistry of semiconductor nanoparticles

The state-of-the-art in the field of research on semiconductor nanoparticles is analyzed; cadmium chalcogenide nanoparticles are considered in most detail. Emphasis is placed on the methods of synthesis and on control of the size, composition, and structure of semiconductor nanoparticles — “quantum dots”. The state of the surface plays a significant role in determining the properties of nanoparticles. Organized nanostructures comprised of quantum dots are considered. The properties of semiconductor nanoparticles are described. Prospects for applications of semiconductor nanomaterials are discussed. Dedicated to Academician V. I. Minkin on the occasion of his 70th birthday. __________ Published in Russian in Izvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 4, pp. 811–836, April, 2005.     

Catalysis and nanoscience

The development of synthetic catalysts is inspired by nature's use of enzymes to achieve high reaction rates and 100% selectivity. These natural catalysts often contain inorganic nanoclusters at the active site, and it is an understanding of the activity and selectivity of these nanoclusters and their interaction with the surrounding protein, which can aid in the design of synthetic catalysts. Since natural and synthetic catalysts are composed of these nanoclusters, the fields of catalysis and nanoscience are inextricably linked.     

Nanoscience,nanotechnology and spectrometry

Nanoscience has outgrown its infancy, and nanotechnology has found important applications in our daily life — with many more to come. Although the central concepts of the nano world, namely the changes of particular physical properties on the length scale of individual atoms and molecules, have been known and developed for quite some time already, experimental advances since the 1980s and recognition of the potential of nanomaterials led to a genuine breakthrough of the inherently multidisciplinary nanoscience field. Analytical nanoscience and nanotechnology and especially the use of micro and nano electro mechanical systems, of the quantum dots and of mass spectrometry, currently provide one of the most promising avenues for developments in analytical science, derived from their two main fields of action, namely (a) the analysis of nano-structured materials and (b) their use as new tools for analysis. An overview is given of recent developments and trends in the field, highlighting the importance and point out future directions, while also touching drawbacks, such as emerging concerns about health and environmental issues.     

DNA codes for nanoscience

The nanometer scale is a special place where all sciences meet and develop a particularly strong interdisciplinarity. While biology is a source of inspiration for nanoscientists, chemistry has a central role in turning inspirations and methods from biological systems to nanotechnological use. DNA is the biological molecule by which nanoscience and nanotechnology is mostly fascinated. Nature uses DNA not only as a repository of the genetic information, but also as a controller of the expression of the genes it contains. Thus, there are codes embedded in the DNA sequence that serve to control recognition processes on the atomic scale, such as the base pairing, and others that control processes taking place on the nanoscale. From the chemical point of view, DNA is the supramolecular building block with the highest informational content. Nanoscience has therefore the opportunity of using DNA molecules to increase the level of complexity and efficiency in self-assembling and self-directing processes.