粗品酚中甲基异丁基甲酮的测定方法

煤气化废水中有机物的成分复杂，其中酚的含量较高，为了回收废水中的酚，净化排放水，使之达到国家排放标准，中煤龙化哈尔滨化工有限公司增设了酚回收工艺，即用甲基异丁基甲酮作萃取剂，回收废水中的酚。     

耐酸微藻的分离鉴定及其对离子型稀土矿山废水处理条件优化研究

离子型稀土矿山废水具有高氨氮、高硫酸盐、低pH和低浓度的稀土元素等特点，直接排放会对环境造成严重的破坏。生物法相较于常规的物理化学方法具有经济环保、无二次污染等优点。本研究从赣南离子型稀土矿山废水中分离出一株被鉴定为油球藻属的耐酸微藻，用该藻与斜生栅藻和普通小球藻进行对比，对其生长特性和废水的处理条件优化进行研究。研究发现耐酸微藻具有较高的生物量增长速率，藻细胞干重增长速率达到29.3 mg·(L·d)^-1，其最适生长pH为7～9，最低耐受pH为3～5；三种微藻在稀土废水中生长的最佳氮磷比为8∶1，在废水稀释度为10%时生长效果最好，且对未稀释废水中的稀土元素具有较好的去除效果，30 d内去除效率几乎达到了100%。结果显示，分离出的微藻具有耐酸、产碱、去除废水中氨氮和稀土元素的作用，研究结果为利用微藻开展离子型稀土废弃矿山废水流段修复和作为稀土废水的二级或三级处理提供了一定的理论依据。     

大孔吸附树脂处理含磺胺废水的研究

利用大孔吸附树脂处理含磺胺废水。实验表明，DRHⅢ树脂对磺胺具有良好的吸附－解吸效果。原废水中磺胺浓度约为17.2g/L,COD约为13750mg/L，经树脂吸附处理后，废水中COD去除率约86％，磺胺的吸附率88．2％，树脂的解吸率为97．5％，磺胺的回收率约86．0％，其纯度达99．8％。在废水有效处理的同时实现了废物资源化，具有良好的环境效益和较高的经济效益。     

从柑桔加工废水中吸附回收橙皮苷

本文研究了用Ｄ－２５４树脂从柑桔加工废水中吸附回收橙皮苷的方法。在ｐＨ８．０，树脂：废水＝１：１００（Ｗ／Ｖ）时，Ｄ—２５４树脂可吸附废水中９６．３％的橙皮苷，被吸附的橙皮苷用ｐＨ５．５，９５％的乙醇洗脱，其收率为９２．６％，产品纯度达到９１．４％。     

离子色谱法测定焦化废水中无机阴离子

本文采用国产离子色谱仪测定焦化废水中阴离子。对于废水中有机物、重金属离子干扰及其消除进行了详细讨论，并赋予质控措施。     

TiO2-SiO2光催化纸业废水有色有机物的降解

研究了TiO2-SiO2混合氧化物对纸业废水中有色有机物的吸附与光催化降解效率．常温下．TiO2对纸业废水中有色有机物的吸附符合Freundlich模型，Qe=0．239Ce^0.791。TiO2-SiO2混合氧化物对纸业废水中有色有机物的吸附与光催化降解效率与催化剂样品的组成有关，光催化降解效率也与TiO2-SiO2表面总酸量有关．     

废水中营养污染物的吸附及再利用

废水中营养污染物的吸附及再利用薛建军，王玲，田子华（南京航空航天大学材料科学与工程系南京２１００１６）（江苏省植物保护总站南京）关键词　废水，营养污染物，吸附，再利用本文介绍用固体废弃物──粉煤灰为主要原料经物理化学过程制成废水处理剂（其主要成分（％...     

火力发电厂废水中悬浮物处理的影响因素探讨

对火力发电厂废水中悬浮物处理的影响因素如pH值、水温、接触介质、进水水质、混凝剂加入量等进行分析，对主要影响因素水温和混凝剂加入量进行了试验分析，制定出废水悬浮物处理的合理方案。     

卡尔曼滤波伏安法同时测定炼油废水中苯酚和苯胺的研究

炼油废水中主要含有石油类、苯酚和苯胺等物质。由于石油类、苯酚和苯胺等毒性极大，排放含这些物质的废水将对环境造成极大的污染，严重影响社会的可持续发展，故需测定炼油废水中这些物质的含量以便于处理控制。目前常用的测定石油类和苯酚的方法有石油醚萃取紫外分光光度法，CC14萃取红外光谱法和蒸馏4－AAP比色法。这些方法的主要缺点是水样预处理步骤繁琐，工作效率低，测定成本高，并且因使用有机溶剂而造成二次污染，危害测试人员的健康。此外，对于苯酚和苯胺含量较低的水样，由于萃取和蒸馏效率的制约，难以准确测量。我们用自制的蒙脱石－石墨－聚氯乙烯复合电极和卡尔曼滤波伏安法对模拟炼油废水中苯酚和苯胺进行了同时测定，取得了满意的效果，该法简单、准确、快速，具有较大的推广应用价值。     

一种处理含Cr3+电镀污水的新工艺

介绍了电生物膜方法治理重金属离子有机废水的基本原理，采用自主研究并开发的新型电生物膜偶合工艺处理了含Cr^3 的电镀厂排污废水，通过长期连续实验研究了微生物生长代谢的营养源以及生物膜脱落更新下的废水净化效果。实验结果表明，电生物膜法对含Cr^3 的电镀废水水质水量波动适应性强，含Cr^3 初始浓度为5～80mg/L的电镀废水均可得到高效治理，出水浓度为1．0mg/L左右，低于工业污水排放标准。同时，得到了操作电压、废水pH、停留时间、温度等的最佳工艺条件调节方法和规律。实验还表明，生物膜成长后期的脱落更新能够保证连续高效净化重金属离子有机废水。     

Determination of the chemical oxygen demand (COD) using a copper electrode: a clean alternative method

A clean alternative method for the determination of chemical oxygen demand (COD) was developed using a copper electrode as an electrocatalytic sensor. The measuring principle is based on oxidation current of organic compounds in the wastewater. The effects of important experimental conditions, such as electrolytic solution concentration and potential scan rate, on analytical performance have been investigated. Analytical linear range of 53.0–2,801.4 mg l⁻¹ COD with detection limit of 20.3 mg l⁻¹ COD was achieved. The procedure was successfully applied to the COD determination in wastewater from soft industries. The results obtained using the proposed method were in good agreement with those obtained using the conventional (i.e., dichromate) COD method. In this fashion, the COD value of a sample can be determined in a simple, rapid, accurate manner, and the end products do not contain toxic metals.     

Experimental Study on COD Composition and Electrochemical Degradation of Wastewater in Offshore Oilfields

Chemical oxygen demand (COD ) of standard discharge wastewater in offshore oilfields is an important part of oilfield wastewater treatment. Polymer‐containing oily wastewater from oilfields in Bohai Sea was taken as the subject of this study. Combined with wastewater treatment experiments, the major composition of COD such as oils, polymer, and chemical agents is studied. Under certain conditions, the two‐dimensional plug‐flow electrochemical reactor was used to treat wastewater, and a linear relation between COD and concentration was established in the low concentration range. A preliminary study was carried out on the main factors of COD removal, and the results show that, compared to the polymer, oils are more easily electrolyzed whereas the chemical agents are more difficult to be electrolyzed. The highest COD removal by electrochemical treatment of wastewater was 75.34%, and the residual COD in wastewater was mainly contributed by the chemical agents and polymer that were not degraded completely.     

Industrial indigo dyeing wastewater purification: Effective COD removal with peroxi-AC electrocoagulation system

Direct current (DC) electrocoagulation has obvious decolorization effect on indigo dyeing wastewater produced in actual production, while the removal rate of chemical oxygen demand (COD) was less than 40%, accompanied by serious electrode corrosion and high energy consumption. In order to enhance the COD removal rate, reduce the electrode loss and power consumption, a peroxi-alternating current (AC) electrocoagulation (EC) system was constructed. With COD as the main evaluation index, the effects of power type, electrode combination and process parameters on COD removal rate and decolorization rate were focused on and explored, as well as revealing the degradation mechanism of COD. The results showed that AC electrocoagulation enhanced the floc adsorption capacity by improving the floc structure, and the COD removal rate after treatment was 51.19%. The coupled system of peroxi-AC electrocoagulation further removed sulfite and residual dyes in the wastewater, and the COD removal and decolorization rate of the treated wastewater reached 78.09% and 98.47%, respectively. In addition, the specific energy consumption analysis of COD removal showed that the coupled system was far less energetic than the DC electrocoagulation process, with only 30% of its energy consumption. The uniform corrosion of the electrode under the action of AC weakened the passivation, which reduced the electrode loss and power consumption by 22.73% and 43.75%, respectively. Results from the present work indicated that the peroxi-AC EC system could be an effective method for reducing the concentration of COD in indigo dyeing wastewater.     

COD速测仪测定工业废水中CODCr

采用标准回流法和仪器法（用ＣＯＤ速测仪）对工业废水化学需氧量进行对照测定，结果发现，用ＣＯＤ速测仪测定工业废水，简便、快速、精密度好、准确度高。     

Removal of COD,aromaticity and color of a pretreated chemical producing industrial wastewater: a comparison between adsorption,ozonation, and advanced oxidation processes

A wide range of products are produced in the chemical producing industry such as textile dyes, chemicals, printing dyes and chemicals, paper chemicals, electrostatic powder dyes, and optical brighteners. The aim of this study is to investigate the treatability of chemical oxygen demand (COD), aromaticity, and color in the wastewater of this sector, where highly complex chemicals are used. Most of the studies in the literature are related to the treatment of synthetically prepared dyed wastewater. This study is important as it is carried out with real wastewater and gives results of many treatment methods. In the study, COD, UV-vis absorbance, and color values were attempted to be removed from the wastewater of a chemical producing industry that was pretreated by coagulation-flocculation. The COD value of the pretreated wastewater discharged to the central treatment system was restricted as 1000 mg/L. Pretreated wastewater characterization is as follows: COD: 2117 mg/L, UV-vis absorbance values at; 254 nm: 9.91, 280 nm: 8.65, 341 nm: 12.77, 436 nm: 5.01, 525 nm: 2.24, and 620 nm: 1.59. In the study, adsorption, ozonation, and advanced oxidation processes (Fenton and persulfate oxidation) were used to remove COD and UV-vis absorbance values (aromaticity, organics, and color). The method by which the best removal efficiency was obtained for all parameters was the adsorption process using powdered activated carbon (PAC). The equilibrium PAC dose was found as 6 g/L. At this adsorbent dose, the removal efficiencies of UV-vis absorbance values were all around 99% and the efficiency of COD removal was 77%. The Langmuir isotherm constants were found to be q_max= 30.4 mg/g and K_L = 487.9 (L/mg). The COD concentration at this adsorbent dose was 486 mg/L and wastewater was suitable for discharge to the central wastewater treatment plant in that region.     

Developing an Efficient Processing System Treatment for the High Concentration of Eucalyptus Chemical Mechanical Pulp Wastewater

The current wastewater treatment method shows low efficiency in treating wastewater with high concentrations of chemical mechanical pulp (CMP). Therefore, a chlorine dioxide Pretreatment Anaerobic Treatment (DPAT) was developed and applied to treat the CMP wastewater to obtain higher efficiency, obtaining the following results: The biodegradability of CMP wastewater improved after chlorine dioxide pretreatment. The COD of wastewater treated with chlorine dioxide was reduced from 5634 mg/L to 660 mg/L. The removal rate for chemical oxygen demand (COD) was 88.29%, 29.13% higher than the common anaerobic treatment. The reasons for the high efficiency of the DPAT treatment were that chlorine dioxide pretreatment removed the toxic substances in the original wastewater and thereby promoted the proliferation and growth of the anaerobe. The results show that pretreatment with chlorine dioxide can effectively enhance the biodegradability of high-concentration CMP wastewater. Therefore, DPAT treatment of high-concentration CMP wastewater is beneficial to environmental protection.     

Applicability of nanofiltration and reverse osmosis for the treatment of wastewater of different origin

Membrane separations are finding greater use in wastewater treatment because of their efficiency. In order to prove the effectiveness of membrane filtration an applicability study is carried out. Nanofiltration and reverse osmosis membranes are tested under quite different conditions to reduce the chemical oxygen demands (COD) of wastewaters to meet the Council Directive 76/464/EEC release limit. Two kinds of real wastewaters were selected for the investigation. The wastewaters represent extreme different circumstances since the difference between their COD is two orders of magnitude. All of the membranes tested can be applied either to the treatment of wastewater of high COD (pharmaceutical wastewater) or wastewater of low COD (dumpsite leachate), since the different conditions do not change the membrane characteristics. The experimental data show that none of the membranes can decrease the COD to the release limit in one step. However, if two-stage filtrations (nanofiltration followed by reverse osmosis) are accomplished for both of the wastewaters, a total COD reduction of 94% can be achieved. With the application of the two-stage filtration the COD of the wastewater of low COD can be decreased below the release limit but in case of wastewater of the high COD further treatment will be required.      

无汞高银低压消解法与氯气校正法测定高氯水体中化学需氧量的比较研究

建立了适合于水和废水中COD测定的新方法--无汞高银低压消解法,以高氯水样为例,对样品中COD含量进行了测定,并与氯气校正法进行了比较验证.结果表明,测定高氯水样中COD,无汞高银低压消解法优于氯气校正法,具有操作简单、测定快速、结果准确、减少二次污染、设备通用等特点.     

The determination of chemical oxygen demand in waste-waters with dichromate by flow injection analysis

A simple method is described for the continuous determination of chemical oxygen demand (COD) in wastewater samples by flow injection analysis. Samples are injected into a water stream which merges with an acidic dichromate carrier solution. After reaction in a PTFE coil at 120°C, absorbances are measured at 445 nm. D-Glucose is satisfactory as a standard substance for COD in a variety of wastewaters. A sampling rate of 15 samples per hour can be achieved, and the detection limit and precision are 5 mg l^-1 as COD and 0.4%, respectively. Chloride concentrations of ? 100 mg l^-1 interfere slightly unless silver and/or mercury salts are added. COD values for various wastewater samples correlate well with those obtained by standard methods using dichromate or permanganate.