A Control Simulation Method of High-Speed Trains on Railway Network with Irregular Influence

Based on the discrete time method, an effective movement control model is designed for a group of high-speed trains on a rail network. The purpose of the model is to investigate the specific traffic characteristics of high-speed trains under the interruption of stochastic irregular events. In the model, the high-speed rail traffic system is supposed to be equipped with the moving-block signalling system to guarantee maximum traversing capacity of the railway. To keep the safety of trains' movements, some operational strategies are proposed to control the movements of trains in the model, including traction operation, braking operation, and entering-station operation. The numerical simulations show that the designed model can well describe the
movements of high-speed trains on the rail network. The research results can provide the useful information not only for investigating the propagation features of relevant delays under the irregular disturbance but also for rerouting and rescheduling trains on the rail network.     

An Improved Discrete-Time Model for Heterogeneous High-Speed Train Traffic Flow

This paper aims to present a simulation model for heterogeneous high-speed train traffic Row based on an improved discrete-time model(IDTM).In the proposed simulation model,four train control strategies,including departing strategy,traveling strategy,braking strategy,overtaking strategy,are well defined to optimize train movements.Based on the proposed simulation model,some characteristics of train traffic Bow are investigated.Numerical results indicate that the departure time intervals,the station dwell time,the section length,and the ratio of fast trains have different influence on traffic capacity and train average velocity.The results can provide some theoretical support for the strategy making of railway departments.     

Energy-optimal control model for train movements

In this paper, we propose a new cellular automaton (CA) model for train movement simulations under mixed traffic conditions. A kind of control strategy is employed for trains to reduce energy consumption. In the proposed CA model, the driver controls the train movements by using some updated rules. In order to obtain a good insight into the evolution behaviours of the rail traffic flow, we investigate the space--time diagram of the rail traffic flow and the trajectories of the train movements. The numerical simulation results demonstrate that the proposed CA model can well describe the dynamic behaviours of the train movements. Some complex phenomena of train movements can be reproduced, such as the train delay propagations, etc.     

移动闭塞条件下线路弯道对列车交通流影响的研究

在NaSch模型的基础上,针对铁路线路特点提出了一种用于模拟铁路线路弯道的多列车追踪运行的元胞自动机模型.应用该模型,进行了计算机数值模拟,研究了具有不同弯道半径、不同外轨超高和不同弯道长度的线路弯道对铁路交通流的影响.模拟结果表明:建立的模型能够准确的反映出特殊线路交通流情况,线路弯道对列车的行车安全有较大的影响,同时再现了时走时停的交通波现象,根据仿真结果得出了随着弯道半径的增大,列车的晚点时间逐渐减少,合理选择弯道半径、外轨超高值和弯道长度,可以显著提高线路的通行能力,减低轮轨磨耗,保证列车的安全、舒适运行.所得结果对铁路线路选线设计和运营管理有一定的指导意义.     

Discrete event model-based simulation for train movement on a single-line railway

The aim of this paper is to present a discrete event model-based approach to simulate train movement with the considered energy-saving factor. We conduct extensive case studies to show the dynamic characteristics of the traffic flow and demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach. The simulation results indicate that the proposed discrete event model-based simulation approach is suitable for characterizing the movements of a group of trains on a single railway line with less iterations and CPU time. Additionally, some other qualitative and quantitative characteristics are investigated. In particular, because of the cumulative influence from the previous trains, the following trains should be accelerated or braked frequently to control the headway distance, leading to more energy consumption.     

Urban rail departure capacity analysis based on a cellular automaton model

As an important traffic mode, urban rail transit is constantly developing toward improvement in service capacity and quality. When an urban rail transit system is evaluated in terms of its service capacity, the train departure capacity is an important index that can objectively reflect the service level of an urban rail transit facility. In light of the existing cellular automaton models, this paper proposes a suitable cellular automaton model to analyze the train departure capacity of urban rail transit under different variable factors and conditions. The established model can demonstrate the train operating processes by implementing the proposed sound rules, including the rules of train departure at the origin and intermediate stations, and the velocity and position updating rules. The properties of train traffic are analyzed via numerical experiments.The numerical results show that the departure capacity is negatively affected by the train departure control manner. In addition,(i) the real-time signal control can offer a higher train service frequency;(ii) the departure capacity gradually rises with the decrease in the line design speed to a limited extent;(iii) the departure capacity decreases with extension in the train length;(iv) the number of departed trains decreases as the train stop time increases;(v) the departure capacity is not affected by the section length. However, the longer the length, the worse the service quality of the urban rail transit line.The experiments show that the proposed cellular automaton model can be used to analyze the train service capacity of an urban rail transit system by performing quantitative analysis under various considered factors, conditions, and management modes.     

Modeling and simulation of high-speed passenger train movements in the rail line

In this paper, we propose a new formula of the real-time minimum safety headway based on the relative velocity of consecutive trains and present a dynamic model of high-speed passenger train movements in the rail line based on the proposed formula of the minimum safety headway. Moreover, we provide the control strategies of the high-speed passenger train operations based on the proposed formula of the real-time minimum safety headway and the dynamic model of highspeed passenger train movements. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed control strategies of the passenger train operations can greatly reduce the delay propagation in the high-speed rail line when a random delay occurs.     

Scheduling trains on railway network using random walk method

According to random walk, in this paper, we propose a new traffic model for scheduling trains on a railway network. In the proposed method, using some iteration rules for walkers, the departure and the arrival times of trains at each station are determined. We test the proposed method on an assumed railway network. The numerical simulations and the analytical results demonstrate that the proposed method provides an effective tool for scheduling trains. Some characteristic behaviours of train movement can be reproduced, such as train delay.     

Simulating train movement in railway traffic using a car-following model

Based on a car-following model, in this paper, we propose a new traffic model for simulating train movement in railway traffic. In the proposed model, some realistic characteristics of train movement are considered, such as the distance headway and the safety stopping distance. Using the proposed traffic model, we analyse the space-time diagram of traffic flow, the trajectory of train movement, etc. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed model can be successfully used for simulating the train movement. Some complex phenomena can be reproduced, such as the complex acceleration and deceleration of trains and the propagation of train delay.     

Scheduling of high-speed rail traffic based on discrete-time movement model

In this paper, a new simulation approach for solving the mixed train scheduling problem on the high-speed double-track rail line is presented. Based on the discrete-time movement model, we propose control strategies for mixed train movement with different speeds on a high-speed double-track rail line, including braking strategy, priority rule, travelling strategy, and departing rule. A new detailed algorithm is also presented based on the proposed control strategies for mixed train movement. Moreover, we analyze the dynamic properties of rail traffic flow on a high-speed rail line. Using our proposed method, we can effectively simulate the mixed train schedule on a rail line. The numerical results demonstrate that an appropriate decrease of the departure interval can enhance the capacity, and a suitable increase of the distance between two adjacent stations can enhance the average speed. Meanwhile, the capacity and the average speed will be increased by appropriately enhancing the ratio of faster train number to slower train number from 1.     

A method of assessing the noise nuisance arising from the channel tunnel high speed rail system

Until recently railway noise has been accepted as a well established but dwindling source of noise nuisance, and has been subject to relatively little sociological study. The proposal for high speed trains through previously quiet areas has however called for the establishment of subjective noise zones. The paper puts forward such zones, based upon sociological data in other countries and on aircraft, road traffic and community data in the United Kingdom. Planning zones are calculated for the expected frequencies of rail services, and based upon the estimated and measured noise levels of high speed trains. Some comments are made upon the generalization of this information, and on the effects of barriers, cuttings and distance; and on vibration and shock effects near to the railway line itself.     

Analyzing the causation of a railway accident based on a complex network

In this paper, a new model is constructed for the causation analysis of railway accident based on the complex network theory. In the model, the nodes are defined as various manifest or latent accident causal factors. By employing the complex network theory, especially its statistical indicators, the railway accident as well as its key causations can be analyzed from the overall perspective. As a case, the ＂7.23＂ China-Yongwen railway accident is illustrated based on this model. The results show that the inspection of signals and the checking of line conditions before trains run played an important role in this railway accident. In conclusion, the constructed model gives a theoretical clue for railway accident prediction and, hence, greatly reduces the occurrence of railway accidents.     

The effects of long-term exposure to railway and road traffic noise on subjective sleep disturbance

The exposure-response relationships between subjective annoyance with sleep disturbance from railway trains and road traffic noise were established from an extensive social survey by CENVR (Center for Environmental Noise and Vibration Research) in Korea. The objectives of this research are to determine the long-term effects of noise on sleep and to compare the exposure-response relationships from different noise sources with those from other studies and to elucidate the effects of some modifying factors on subjective responses to noise. From an investigation of the percentage of a highly sleep-disturbed population (%HSD) in response to railway and road traffic noise, it was found that sleep is affected more by railway noise than by road traffic noise. The effects of non-acoustical factors on the responses were examined and sensitivity was shown to be a significant modifying factor, as it pertains to subjective sleep disturbance. A comparison of the response curves from an analysis of pooled data from predominantly European surveys by Miedema and Vos [Behav. Sleep Med. 5, 1-20 (2007)] with the response curves from this survey showed more of a subjective sleep disturbance response in this survey to railway noise, whereas there was no significant difference in terms of a response to road traffic noise.     

Traffic Modelling for Moving-Block Train Control System

This paper presents a new cellular automaton （CA） model for train control system simulation. In the proposed CA model, the driver reactions to train movements are captured by some updated rules. The space-time diagram of traffic flow and the trajectory of train movement is used to obtain insight into the characteristic behavior of railway traffic flow. A number of simulation results demonstrate that the proposed CA model can be successfully used for the simulations of railway traffic. Not only the characteristic behavior of railway traffic flow can be reproduced, but also the simulation values of the minimum time headway are close to the theoretical values.     

An Improved Walk Model for Train Movement on Railway Network

In this paper, we propose an improved walk model for simulating the train movement on railway network. In the proposed method, walkers represent trains. The improved walk model is a kind of the network-based simulation analysis model. Using some management rules for walker movement, walker can dynamically determine its departure and arrival times at stations. In order to test the proposed method, we simulate the train movement on a part of railway network. The numerical simulation and analytical results demonstrate that the improved model is an effective tool for simulating the train movement on railway network. Moreover, it can well capture the characteristic behaviors of train scheduling in railway traffic.     

An Extended FMEA Model Based on Cumulative Prospect Theory and Type-2 Intuitionistic Fuzzy VIKOR for the Railway Train Risk Prioritization

This paper aims toward the improvement of the limitations of traditional failure mode and effect analysis (FMEA) and examines the crucial failure modes and components for railway train operation. In order to overcome the drawbacks of current FMEA, this paper proposes a novel risk prioritization method based on cumulative prospect theory and type-2 intuitionistic fuzzy VIKOR approach. Type-2 intuitionistic VIKOR handles the combination of the risk factors with their entropy weight. Triangular fuzzy number intuitionistic fuzzy numbers (TFNIFNs) applied as type-2 intuitionistic fuzzy numbers (Type-2 IFNs) are adopted to depict the uncertainty in the risk analysis. Then, cumulative prospect theory is employed to deal with the FMEA team member’s risk sensitiveness and decision-making psychological behavior. Finally, a numerical example of the railway train bogie system is selected to illustrate the application and feasibility of the proposed extended FMEA model in this paper, and a comparison study is also performed to validate the practicability and effectiveness of the novel FMEA model. On this basis, this study can provide guidance for the risk prioritization of railway trains and indicate a direction for further research of risk management of rail traffic.     

激光诱导击穿光谱技术对高铁车轮硬度检测模型优化研究

我国铁路跨度长、运营时间长、运行环境变化较大,故对于车轮的磨损较大,为保障高速铁路的安全运行,高速列车车轮表面硬度就成为了一项重要参考指标。激光诱导击穿光谱(LIBS)实验平台对8块不同硬度的HS7高铁车轮用钢样品进行击穿获取LIBS光谱数据,发现基体元素(Fe)和合金元素(Cr, Mo, W)的谱线强度、离子与原子线的强度比值(Ⅱ/Ⅰ)以及合金元素谱线强度与基体元素谱线强度的强度比值(A/M),分别与样品硬度有着不同程度的相关关系。利用此相关关系分别建立了以谱线强度和谱线强度结合谱线强度比值为变量的偏最小二乘法(PLS)定量分析模型,在建立模型前采用标准正态变量变换(SNV)、 Savitzky-Golay卷积二阶导和高斯滤波(Gaussian filter)三种预处理方法来减小实验误差。结果表明,以谱线强度为变量的模型中采用SNV预处理后建立的PLS模型效果最佳,校正集的确定系数为0.98,均方根误差为1.30,预测集的确定系数为0.90,均方根误差为2.43;以谱线强度结合谱线强度比值为变量的模型中采用原始数据建立的PLS模型效果最佳,校正集的确定系数为0.99,均方根误差为0....     

网络条件下列车追踪模型及延迟传播的研究

描述了一种移动闭塞下考虑不同类型列车混跑时基于元胞自动机的列车追踪模型.将该模型应用到铁路网，模拟了网络条件下列车运行情况.应用该模型模拟了移动闭塞下列车延迟传播的现象.分析了发车间隔松弛时间、初始延迟时间等因素对列车延迟的影响.将该模型的模拟结果和理论公式的计算结果进行了比较，验证了模型的可靠性和有效性. 关键词： 元胞自动机 铁路网络 列车追踪模型 移动闭塞     

Station Model for Rail Transit System Using Cellular Automata

In this paper, we propose a new cellular automata model to simulate the railway traffic at station. Based on NaSch model, the proposed station model is composed of the main track and the siding track. Two different schemes for trains passing through station are considered. One is the scheme of ＂pass by the main track, start and stop by the siding track＂. The other is the scheme of ＂two tracks play the same role＂. We simulate the train movement using the proposed model and analyze the traffic flow at station. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed cellular automata model can be successfully used for the simulations of railway traffic. Some characteristic behaviors of railway traffic flow can be reproduced. Moreover, the simulation values of the minimum headway are close to the theoretical values. This result demonstrates the dependability and availability of the proposed model.     

Prediction of vibrations induced by underground railway traffic in Beijing

This paper examines the problem of subway induced vibrations on line 4 of Beijing metro, which is currently under construction and is planned to pass in close proximity of the Physics Laboratory of Beijing University. The laboratory has a lot of equipment that is very sensitive to traffic induced vibrations and future operation of metro line 4 is a matter of concern. Hence, it is important to study the influence of subway induced vibrations inside the laboratory and to propose a viable solution to mitigate the vibrations. In this paper, the tunnel north of Chengfulu station is modelled using a coupled periodic FE-BE model and the free-field response due to moving trains is predicted. In addition, vibration measurements have been performed on the site of the Physics Laboratory to estimate the existing vibration levels due to road traffic. The predicted and measured vibrations are superimposed to assess the vibrations due to the combined effect of road and railway traffic in the vicinity of the Physics Laboratory. Apart from the numerical investigations, vibration measurements have also been performed on a similar site at line 1 of Beijing metro to substantiate the estimated results on metro line 4. Finally, it is studied how the vibrations can be controlled using a floating slab track, which is widely used as an effective measure of vibration isolation in tunnels. The efficiency of a 7.9 Hz floating slab track as a vibration countermeasure is assessed in this paper. This study demonstrates the applicability of the numerical model for the relevant assessment of subway induced vibrations and its use to study the performance of different track structures in the tunnel.