气相色谱—质谱法研究松节油直接催化异构—歧化反应

采用气相色谱-质谱联用(GC-MS)技术,对120℃时Pd/C-H2SO4协同催化松节油直接异构-歧化反应产物进行分析鉴定,共分离出45个峰,初步鉴定出37个化合物,其中主要产物为单环单萜烃对伞花烃和双环单萜烃蒈烷;主要副产物为莰烯、葑醇、苧烯、莰醇、顺式-1-甲基-4-(1-甲乙基)-环己烯醇、蒈烯、异龙脑、对孟烷-8-醇及2,6-二甲基-2-辛烯等;其相对质量分数分别为:51.42%、27.62%、4.65%、2.29%、2.28%、1.25%、0.46%、0.38%、0.37%、0.35%及0.33%。分析结果表明,在松节油直接催化异构-歧化反应过程中,其主要成分双环单萜蒎烯的异构及分子间氢转移歧化反应为主反应,并伴随深度开环异构、水合重排等副反应,倍半萜几乎不发生反应,蒎烯转化率为99.14%,对伞花烃选择性为57.46%。     

用杂多酸催化处理的重质松节油组成分析

对用杂多酸催化处理过的重质松节油的组成进行了分析．结果表明：重质松节油中润β-石竹保的含量从24．6％下降到2．6％左右．将催化处理后的重质松节油精馏，得到了含量80％以上的长叶烯。     

松节油催化水化混合物的气相色谱分析

In industry,terpineol is obtained from catalytic hydration of turpentine oil. The products in this reactionare very complicated so that it is difficult to monitor the reaction process. By using GC with PEG-20M col-umn under temperature programnung condition,the author analysed the hydrated mixtures of turpentine oil. The separation of isomers of turpentine oil or terpineol and the precision of quantitative analysis are good.     

廉价过渡金属催化烯烃异构反应研究进展

过渡金属催化的烯烃异构反应在有机化合物合成、日用化学品合成、原料油应用和天然产物合成中都有着举足轻重的作用。廉价过渡金属由于其在资源、价格、后处理等方面的优势,日益受到研究者的重视。本文主要综述了近几十年来廉价过渡金属铁、钴、镍在催化烯烃异构反应方面的研究进展,详细阐述了不同的催化体系在催化活性、反应选择性、底物适用性及反应机理方面的特点。虽然目前的催化体系已经表现出优异的性能与应用价值,但在烯烃异构的立体选择性、区域选择性机制等方面,仍然需要更深入的研究。     

发烟硫酸中Pd／C催化甲烷选择氧化制甲醇

以PdCl2为前驱体,采用浸渍法制备了Pd/C催化剂,并在发烟硫酸中考察了其催化甲烷选择氧化反应的性能,采用X射线粉末衍射、X射线光电子能谱、高分辨透射电镜和CO吸附等方法对催化剂进行了表征. 甲烷选择氧化反应得到的主产物硫酸单甲酯经水解后得到甲醇,在5%Pd/C催化剂、Pd用量30 μmol、反应温度180 ℃、反应压力4.0 MPa、反应时间 4 h 和发烟硫酸中SO3含量为50%的优化工艺条件下,甲烷转化率为23.6%, 甲醇的选择性和收率分别为69.5%和16.4%, 在一定程度上可实现催化剂的多次重复使用. Pd/C催化剂上的甲烷选择氧化反应可能遵循亲电取代机理,催化性能与Pd负载量、Pd粒子尺寸和分散度等有关.     

BaO对Pd／AI2O3催化性能的影响

以Ｐｃ（Ｃ２Ｈ２Ｏ２）２为前身,制备了系列ＢａＯ－ＡＩ２Ｏ３复合氧化物负载钯的催化剂,用质量滴定法,测定了复合载体的零电荷点（ｐｚｃ）。结果表明,体系的ｐｚｃ随ＢａＯ含量的增加而增大,在５％～１０％之间存在一拐点,并与ＸＲＤ所测ＢａＯ在ＡＩ２Ｏ３上的单发散阈值相对应。复合载体在制务中发生固相反应,所生成的ＢａＡＩ２Ｏ４可以阻止ＡＩ２Ｏ３的相变,并极大地提高载体的热稳定性,其中５％ＢａＯ的作用最为明     

Pd/C催化硝基苯氢化制氢化偶氮苯的研究

在碱性甲醇溶液中 ,硝基苯在Pd/C催化作用下能高产率地选择性氢化还原为氢化偶氮苯 ,2h转化率达10 0 % ,产品收率 98.5 %以上 .通过XRD初步分析了催化作用原理 ,并提出了可能的反应机理     

Pd/C催化的对异丁基苯乙酮加氢反应

２（４异丁基苯基）丙酸（俗称布洛芬）是一种重要的解热镇痛消炎药物［１］,经典的生产路线是由异丁基苯出发,经弗克反应、达村缩合,最后经氧化制得［２］;其合成步骤多,成品精制难,生产成本高．美国于１９９２年通过１（４异丁基苯基）乙醇（ＩＢＰＥ）羰...     

烯烃及其衍生物催化异构反应的研究进展

烯烃及其衍生物异构化是一种利用碳碳双键沿骨架碳链发生位置迁移或顺反构型变换构建新烯烃的合成方法,对于有机合成、日用化学品合成、原料油应用和天然产物合成等均有着举足轻重的作用。本文综合论述了自1960年代以来烯烃及其衍生物异构化的五种催化体系的研究进展,重点结合笔者的研究工作,介绍光催化在有机化合物中碳碳双键异构反应中的应用及其发展趋势。     

Heterogeneous reductive isomerization reaction using catalytic Pd/C and H2

[reaction: see text] A highly selective catalytic reductive isomerization reaction is described. The extremely mild and neutral reaction conditions (10% Pd/C, H2, and MeOH at 0 degrees C) tolerate a wide range of functional groups and generally result in excellent yields. Mechanistic studies suggest that this reaction does not proceed via a stepwise reduction/elimination sequence or a pi-allylpalladium intermediate.     

以Pd/C为催化剂的松香加氢反应机理

松香是由松树分泌的松脂经蒸馏而得,其主要成分为枞酸型树脂酸(C19H29COOH)[1]。由于枞酸型树脂酸含有共轭双键,易与大气中的氧作用,使松香的颜色加深、质变脆、热稳定性差、品级下降。松香经催化加氢反应,改变了枞酸型树脂酸的双键结构,使其趋于脂环的稳定结构,消除了松香因共     

Kinetic modeling of the ethylbenzene/xylene isomerization reaction over HZSM-5 zeolites revisited

In this article, a binderless dealuminated HZSM-5 zeolite (Si/Al = 41.4) was used as a catalyst for the isomerization of a mixture of ethylbenzene and xylene. The experimental results indicated that at low residence times the catalyst is effective to isomerize the ethylbenzene into xylenes. A comprehensive kinetic model considering chemisorption, surface chemical reactions, and diffusional processes was developed for this reaction. The intrinsic activation energy (71.99 kJ mol⁻¹) for the surface reaction of ethylbenzene into m-xylene was calculated for the first time, and the corresponding intrinsic activation energies for o-xylene to m-xylene and m-xylene to p-xylene surface reactions were calculated to be 59.45 and 50.68 kJ mol⁻¹, respectively. Lower apparent values have been reported in the literature, and we rationalize that they correspond to multistep processes and intrinsically include a negative activation energy pertaining to chemisorption. The results also revealed that the ethylbenzene diffusion within the zeolite channels was four orders of magnitude smaller than p-xylene.     

纳米薄层MCM-22分子筛合成及其三甲苯异构化催化性能

采用十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)和六亚甲基亚胺(HMI)组成双模板体系,以气相二氧化硅为硅源,在150 ℃下动态原位合成了薄层的MWW型MCM-22分子筛纳米片,并考察了CTAB添加量对分子筛产物的影响。采用粉末X射线衍射(PXRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、N₂吸附-脱附、氨气程序升温脱附(NH₃-TPD)、高倍透射电子显微镜(HRTEM)、吡啶红外(Py-IR)和2,6-二叔丁基吡啶红外(DTBPy-IR)测试方法对合成的分子筛样品进行表征。结果表明：采用双模板体系可以制备出5~10 nm的薄层MWW型纳米片。同时,通过偏三甲苯异构化反应对样品的催化性能进行了表征,催化结果显示样品d-MWW-4%CTAB具有较好的催化性能,其中偏三甲苯的质量转化率、均三甲苯质量收率及均三甲苯选择性分别为34.97%、22.42%和64.09%,这主要归因于薄层纳米片MCM-22具有的较大外表面积和片层间形成的晶间介孔结构。     

纳米薄层MCM-22分子筛合成及其三甲苯异构化催化性能

采用十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)和六亚甲基亚胺(HMI)组成双模板体系, 以气相二氧化硅为硅源, 在 150℃下动态原位合成了薄层的 MWW型 MCM-22分子筛纳米片, 并考察了 CTAB添加量对分子筛产物的影响。采用粉末 X射线衍射(PXRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、N₂吸附-脱附、氨气程序升温脱附(NH₃-TPD)、高倍透射电子显微镜(HRTEM)、吡啶红外(Py-IR)和 2, 6-二叔丁基吡啶红外(DTBPy-IR)测试方法对合成的分子筛样品进行表征。结果表明:采用双模板体系可以制备出 5~10 nm的薄层MWW型纳米片。同时, 通过偏三甲苯异构化反应对样品的催化性能进行了表征, 催化结果显示样品 d-MWW-4 %CTAB具有较好的催化性能, 其中偏三甲苯的质量转化率、均三甲苯质量收率及均三甲苯选择性分别为 34.97 %、22.42 %和 64.09 %, 这主要归因于薄层纳米片 MCM-22具有的较大外表面积和片层间形成的晶间介孔结构。     

Skeletal isomerization of butene over natural ferrierite

The conversion of butenes to isobutene was compared on chemically modified natural and synthetic H-ferrierite catalysts. The proper balance of extra-framework species together with properly chosen reaction conditions allowed 100% isobutene selectivity.     

Photocatalytic isomerization of norbornadiene over Y zeolites

K, Zn, Cs and La ion-exchanged Y zeolites were prepared and used as photocatalysts for the isomerization of norbornadiene. The prepared catalysts were characterized by EDS, XRD, ²⁷Al- and ²⁹Si-NMR, UV-vis and IR. The La-exchanged sample showed the highest degree of exchange, but accompanied with some dealumination. La-exchange generated both B-acid and L-acid sites, whereas other metals produced only L-acid sites. For the photocatalytic isomerization reaction, the activity order was LaY > CsY > ZnY > KY. The heavy atom effect and B-acidity are expected to play important roles in the reaction.     

Making the liquid-phase catalytic hydrodechlorination of pce over Pd/C safer

Summary The hydrodechlorination of tetrachloroethylene in methanol (MeOH) over palladium catalysts on activated carbon (Pd/C) at 20°C and atmospheric pressure was rendered safer by using ethanol (EtOH), isopropanol (IPA) or water-alcohol mixtures as solvents. Adding water to MeOH was better than using EtOH or IPA since it resulted in a faster reaction and better stability of Pd/C, which could also be completely reactivated.     

2-乙酰基-6-甲氧基萘的多相催化氢化

乙酰基溴甲基萘;甲氧基萘基;2-乙酰基-6-甲氧基萘的多相催化氢化     

Selective skeletal isomerization of n-butene over modified MCM-22 zeolite catalysts

Summary Modification of HMCM-22 zeolite with tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) can considerably improve the catalytic performances, especially the selectivity to isobutene, for the reaction of n-butene skeletal isomerization.