胆红素—氟化钡体系固相研磨反应的红外光谱研究

本文利用红外光谱法对胆红素－氟化钡体系的固相研磨反应进行了研究。结果表明，该固相研磨反应具有氧参加的自由基反应机制，并且反应产物中胆红素与钡离子的络合形式五液相反应合成的胆红素钡络合物不同。     

固态量子计算

量子计算机拥有比经典计算机更强大的计算能力，人们普遍认为，量子计算机最终将会在固态系统中实现，文章介绍了三种固态量子计算机的方案，它们分别基于固态核振磁共振，超导结和量子点。     

New insights in muon-catalyzed dd fusion by using ortho-para controlled solid deuterium

For the first time, we observed the dependence of the ddmu formation rate and the dmu hyperfine-transition rate on the ortho-para state in muon-catalyzed fusion in the solid D2 state, and found that the effect is even opposite to a recent theoretical prediction. We also determined the back-decay rate and the hyperfine-transition rate via scattering in solid state by using the ortho-para dependence. A theory to describe properly our experimental result is called for to understand the nature of muon-catalyzed fusion in the solid state.     

氧-水蒸汽中Sr2GdRuO6纯相的合成及固相反应机理

采用氧 (或空气 ) 水蒸汽混合气氛下的固相反应 ,可合成无任何SrRuO3 杂相的纯相化合物Sr2 GdRuO6.当由Sr2 GdRuO6作先驱物 ,类似的固相反应体系 ,可成功合成无任何SrRuO3 杂相的纯相RuSr2 GdCu2 O8化合物 .此外 ,还讨论了有水蒸汽参与的固相反应合成Sr2 GdRuO6的反应机理 .结果表明 ,水蒸气的作用是抑制SrRuO3 的形成 ,而不是有利于把SrRuO3 杂相转化为Sr2 GdRuO6相 .     

Randomly crosslinked macromolecular systems: Vulcanization transition to and properties of the amorphous solid state

As Charles Goodyear discovered in 1839, when he first vulcanized rubber, a macromolecular liquid is transformed into a solid when a sufficient density of permanent crosslinks is introduced at random. At this continuous equilibrium phase transition, the liquid state, in which all macromolecules are delocalized, is transformed into a solid state, in which a non-zero fraction of macromolecules have spontaneously become localized. This solid state is a most unusual one: localization occurs about mean positions that are distributed homogeneously and randomly, and to an extent that varies randomly from monomer to monomer. Thus, the solid state emerging at the vulcanization transition is an equilibrium amorphous solid state: it is properly viewed as a solid state that bears the same relationship to the liquid and crystalline states as the spin glass state of certain magnetic systems bears to the paramagnetic and ferromagnetic states, in the sense that, like the spin glass state, it is diagnosed by a subtle order parameter.

In this article we give a detailed exposition of a theoretical approach to the physical properties of systems of randomly, permanently crosslinked macromolecules. Our primary focus is on the equilibrium properties of such systems, especially in the regime of Goodyear's vulcanization transition. This approach rests firmly on techniques from the statistical mechanics of disordered systems pioneered by Edwards and co-workers in the context of macromolecular systems, and by Edwards and Anderson in the context of magnetic systems. We begin with a review of the semi-microscopic formulation of the statistical mechanics of randomly crosslinked macromolecular systems due to Edwards and co-workers, in particular discussing the role of crosslinks as quenched random variables. Then we turn to the issue of order parameters, and review a version capable, inter alia, of diagnosing the amorphous solid state. To develop some intuition, we examine the order parameter in an idealized situation, which subsequently turns out to be surprisingly relevant. Thus, we are motivated to hypothesize an explicit form for the order parameter in the amorphous solid state that is parametrized in terms of two physical quantities: the fraction of localized monomers, and the statistical distribution of localization lengths of localized monomers. Next, we review the symmetry properties of the system itself, the liquid state and the amorphous solid state, and discuss connections with scattering experiments. Then, we review a representation of the statistical mechanics of randomly crosslinked macromolecular systems from which the quenched disorder has been eliminated via an application of the replica technique. We transform the statistical mechanics into a field-theoretic representation, which exhibits a close connection with the order parameter, and analyse this representation at the saddle-point level. This analysis reveals that sufficient crosslinking causes an instability of the liquid state, this state giving way to the amorphous solid state. To address the properties of the amorphous solid state itself, we solve the self-consistent equation for the order parameter by adopting the hypothesis discussed earlier. Hence, we find that the vulcanization transition is marked by the appearance of a non-zero fraction of localized monomers, which we compute, the dependence of this fraction on the crosslink density indicating a connection with random graph theory and percolation. We also compute the distribution of localization lengths that characterizes the ordered state, which we find to be expressible in terms of a universal scaling function of a single variable, at least in the vicinity of the transition. Finally, we analyse the consequences of incorporating a certain specific class of correlations associated with the excluded-volume interaction.     

固体热容激光器与热稳态固体激光器温度场和应力场的比较研究

 建立了3维温度场及应力场模型，并采用有限元分析方法对Nd:YAG作为激活介质的固体热容激光器与热稳态固体激光器进行了对比研究。激光二极管阵列距离晶体3.5 mm，阵列功率2×4.2 kW，bar间隔0.4 mm，每bar发光面积为1 μm×5 mm，频率100 Hz，脉宽100 μs，Nd:YAG晶体初始温度20 ℃，冷却水温20 ℃。计算结果表明：热容模式激光介质的表面温度高于中心温度，稳态模式刚好相反, 稳态模式温差极值（19.8 ℃）是热容模式(6.4 ℃)的3.1倍,温度梯度极值(11.9 ℃/mm)是热容模式(2.46 ℃/mm)的4.8倍，热流密度极值(0.136 W/mm²)是热容模式(0.021 W/mm²))的6.4倍；稳态模式激光介质的表面出现张应力，中心出现压应力，热容模式则刚好相反，稳态模式压应力极值(18.27 MPa)是热容模式(12.1 MPa)的1.5倍，张应力极值(38.39 MPa)是热容模式(10.3 MPa)的3.9倍。由于晶体可以承受的压应力的破坏阈值远高于张应力，所以热容模式的固体激光器比稳态模式的固体激光器可以工作在更高的泵浦功率水平上。     

Lithium-ion transport in inorganic solid state electrolyte

An overview of ion transport in lithium-ion inorganic solid state electrolytes is presented, aimed at exploring and designing better electrolyte materials. Ionic conductivity is one of the most important indices of the performance of inorganic solid state electrolytes. The general definition of solid state electrolytes is presented in terms of their role in a working cell(to convey ions while isolate electrons), and the history of solid electrolyte development is briefly summarized. Ways of using the available theoretical models and experimental methods to characterize lithium-ion transport in solid state electrolytes are systematically introduced. Then the various factors that affect ionic conductivity are itemized, including mainly structural disorder, composite materials and interface effects between a solid electrolyte and an electrode. Finally, strategies for future material systems, for synthesis and characterization methods, and for theory and calculation are proposed, aiming to help accelerate the design and development of new solid electrolytes.     

高平均功率固体激光功率和光束质量关系研究进展

 固体激光的一个重大发展方向和目标是实现“三高”(高平均功率、高光束质量和高效率)激光同时输出,结合相关研究工作和进展,着重论述了固体激光输出功率和光束质量的关系,给出了功率升高、光束质量非线性下降是当前“三高”固体激光研究的一个基本科学技术问题。围绕这一基本问题,评述了一些重要技术途径和手段,并探讨了实现高平均功率高光束质量固体激光输出的可能有效途径。     

The Role of Intermolecular Interactions in Solid State Fluorescent Conjugated Polymer Chemosensors

A functionalized fluorescent conjugated polymer, tolylterpyridine poly(p-phenyleneethynylene-thienyleneethynylene (ttp-PPETE), was designed and synthesized to detect trace amounts of toxic transition metal pollutants in ground water. Photophysical studies in tetrahydrofuran (THF) successfully demonstrated this polymer as a selective and sensitive chemosensor for Ni²⁺ and Co²⁺ in aqueous solution. Solid state composites of these chemosensors have now been prepared which can be modified to provide for inexpensive and portable field based chemical detection. A solid composite of ttp-PPETE, blended with poly (methyl methacrylate) shows UV–vis absorption and fluorescence emission spectra which are red- shifted when compared to solution phase spectra, suggesting an increase in conjugation in the solid state. An additional absorption peak, not present in solution, is also observed in the solid state. The presence of this new peak provides evidence of interacting FCP chains in the solid state. Concentration dependent experiments were done on the solid composite showing red-shifted emission peaks accompanied by a significant reduction in the fluorescent quantum yield. These observations are consistent with the formation of aggregated polymer species in the solid state. Intermolecular interactions of this type can be manipulated in the design of sensitive and selective solid state fluorescent conjugated polymer sensors.     

New resonant absorptions in liquids - local lattice modes

It is shown conclusively that the far infrared spectra of liquids (polar and non-dipolar) are composed of sharp resonant absorptions which may be compared directly with the lattice modes resolved in the solid. This is an unexpected discovery which shows that local molecular structure is preserved on passing from the solid state into the liquid. The observations have wide ranging consequences for condensed state physics which demands we reappraise some of the most basic concepts on which our classical theories of liquid state matter are based.     

Ni-Si多层膜中固态非晶化反应的热力学与动力学过程

研究了Ni/非晶Si(a-Si)多层组分调制膜(ML)中界面上的固相反应。根据计算的亚稳自由能图,对界面上固相反应形成非晶态进行了热力学与动力学的分析。提出了Ni/a-Si多层膜中的固相反应的动力学模型。 关键词：     

Geometry of Contact Metal-Semimetal BiSb Influence on Their Voltwatt Sensitivity in MM Range

Contact phenomena's studying is one of the most important physics and solid state department that has great applied significance. All modern solid state electronics based on use contact phenomena's in various junctions- electron-hole, metal-semiconductor etc.In recent time the class of solid state as semimetal which typical representatives are bismuth, antimony and its alloys is rather good searched. Special interest is the current traverse through small area metal-semimetal contact processes in connection with such contact may be used for detecting HF signals and measuring of small levels continuous and pulse UHF power as in centimeter as in millimeter wave length range [1,2\. One of the main characteristic of electromagnetic radiation detectors based on metal-semimetal BiSb contact is volt-watt sensitivity.     

Pressure Effects on Solid State Phase Transformation of Aluminium Bronze in Cooling Process

Effects of high pressure （6 CPa） on the solid state phase transformation kinetic parameters of aluminum bronze during the cooling process axe investigated, based on the measurement and calculation of its solid state phase transformation temperature, duration and activation energy and the observation of its microstructures. The results show that high pressure treatment can reduce the solid phase transformation temperature and activation energy in the cooling process and can shorten the phase transformation duration, which is favorable when forming fine-grained aluminum bronze.     

用双折射晶体相位延迟法选纵横的理论分析和实验研究

提出了一种新的固体激光器纵模选择技术，分析了该方法的损耗调制原理，用半经典理论建立二模光场竞争的运动方程，并对这种方法的纵模选择能力进行了计算。实验中用KTP和方解石两种双折射晶体都实现了固体激光器的单纵模振荡，用KTP晶体获得了CW 44 mW的单纵模激光输出，稳定性优于±3％。实验表明在半导体激光泵浦的中小功率固体激光器中用该方法选纵模具有稳定、可靠的优点。     

固体物理学发展简史

固体物理学研究多体问题,是物理学的重要分支,涉及面极其广泛,也是包括材料科学等在内的多个技术学科的基础。本文论述了固体物理学的发展简史,包括初期发展史、对热性质研 究、魏德曼–弗兰兹定律、晶体微观几何结构的研究历程、自由电子气体模型、固体能带论、对固 体磁性的研究、信息时代、中国固体物理学的发展、固体物理学教材等多个部分,简述了固体物 理学发展中的大事件和具有较大影响力的科学家及其贡献。     

4 GPa压力处理对T8钢在加热过程中固态相变动力学的影响

本文通过差示扫描量热分析(DSC)法测试了经4 GPa压力处理前后, T8钢在加热过程中固态相变温度和转变时间,计算其相变激活能和Avrami指数, 并结合金相组织观察, 探讨了4 GPa压力处理对T8钢在加热过程中固态相变动力学的影响.结果表明: 4 GPa压力处理能使T8钢组织中形成奥氏体的温度向低温移动, 相变时间和Avrami指数减小, 相变激活能增大, 有利于形成尺寸细小的晶粒, 但对其相变机理的影响不大.     

Superfluid molecular hydrogen

In order to produce a supercooled liquid phase of molecular hydrogen that may possibly change at a sufficiently low temperature to a superfluid state, it is suggested to reduce the temperature of its equilibrium coexistence with the solid phase by means of developing different pressures in these phases through the use of linear mechanical pressure on the solid phase or of external electric field. The thermodynamic functions of hydrogen are calculated in both the stable and metastable regions; its phase diagram and the region of possible transition to a superfluid state are also found. The values of excess pressure on the solid phase and of external electric field intensity are estimated, which are necessary for the stabilization of this state.     

Solid-state wetting on nanopatterned substrates

We review some recent results on the morphology of heteroepitaxial overlayers deposited on nanopatterned substrate surfaces. We mainly focus on modeling based on kinetic Monte Carlo (KMC) simulations. On arrays of parallel grooves or arrays of pillars, we find three main classes of states similar to those known for liquids: (i) Cassie–Baxter states, where solid islands sit on top of the substrate structure; (ii) Wenzel states, where solid islands are in contact with the bottom of the substrate; and (iii) solid imbibition (also denoted as capillary filling for parallel grooves), where the solid forms a film in the substrate surface structure. This multi-stability is controlled by the wettability parameter χ, and shape transitions exhibit hysteresis. We discuss the dynamics of the collapse of a Cassie–Baxter to Wenzel state, and the collapse of the Wenzel state to an imbibition film. We also discuss the possibility to grow crystals in the CB state on nanopatterned substrates. During growth, the crystals formed in CB state merge, leading to a continuous polycrystalline overlayer where the size of the grains is controlled by the distance between pillars.     

一款基于多物理场调控的超宽带线-圆极化转换器

为了在微波波段实现可调谐的线-圆极化转换器的设计,结合固态等离子体与二氧化钒设计了一种基于多物理场调控的超宽带线-圆极化转换器,通过改变固态等离子体谐振单元激励状态和人为改变外部温度(T)来实现对该线-圆极化转换器工作频段的调控.采用了全波仿真的方法对该极化转换器的极化转换率曲线、反射相位曲线、轴比曲线、表面电流图进行了计算,并讨论了参数r_1与r_3对轴比的影响.仿真结果表明,当固态等离子体区域均未激励且T68℃时,3 dB轴比频带为14.3—29.7 GHz,相对带宽为70%;当固态等离子体区域均被激励且T68℃时,3 dB轴比频带为14.4—23.4 GHz与28.6—35.9 GHz,相对带宽分别为47.61%和22.64%;当固态等离子体区域未激励且T≥68℃时,3 dB轴比频带为8.4—11.2 GHz与18.7—29.5 GHz,相对带宽分别为28.57%与44.81%.通过改变固态等离子体的激励状态和外部温度,实现了该超宽带线-圆极化转换器工作带宽向高频和低频区域的移动.     

Thermopolarization effect in the cavity structures of heterogeneous systems

Studies of the thermopolarization effects in heterogeneous structures not only yields data on the dynamics of supramolecular structure of their components but can also be one way of testing their applicability for solid state energy converters. An analysis of the possibility of using such heterogeneous structures as wood as material for solid state converters is offered, based on a study of electrokinetic phenomena in wood pores.