碳素多面体原子簇

以C_(60)及C_(70)为代表的碳素多面体原子簇是一类由五元及六元碳环多边形相互连接构成的封闭中空球状或类球状碳素分子。原子簇中每个碳原子均与相邻另三个碳原子以σ键连接;此外所有碳原子各自贡献一个剩余的价电子以形成离域球面大π键。这类碳原子簇具有典型的芳香性。由于独特的结构,C_(60)及C_(70)有着不同寻常的光谱、波谱,化学及电化学性质。已发现C_(60)的碱金属掺杂化合物表现出半导体及超导体行为。     

柏拉图多面体与高碳原子簇

在简要分析柏拉图多面体的对称性质和几何特性的基础上,讨论了它与一般高对称性原子簇的分子骨架几何构型,特别是它与高对称性高碳原子簇几何构型之间的关系.     

熔融LiCL中的Voronoi多面体

分子动力学计算表明,在熔融LiCl中存在与组分离子尺寸相当的微观空孔。微观空孔的分布规律对理解系统的扩散系数、电导系数、粘度、压缩率和热膨胀系数等都有重要意义,它们与自由体积模型中的自由体积也有密切的关系。     

用非线性规划法分析单一稀土元素——可变多面体及可变误差多面体法

本文探讨了用可变多面体及可变误差多面体法同时分析多个单一稀土元素的可能性。详细地考察了测定波长数目及位置、不同形式的目标函数及吸光系数、约束条件、样品组成以及试验误差等因素对于计算结果的影响;讨论了改进结果准确度的途径,获得了有指导意义的经验规律。     

配位多面体的群重叠积分

本文讨论了配位多面体的群重叠积分计算问题, 给出了这种群重叠积分的一般形式以及它们满足的一些关系, 用第一类点群将群重叠积分的计算化简, 由此定义了有关的几何参数并研究了它们的性质, 以正六面体为例说明了这些参数的具体计算。     

可变误差多面体法测定多组份稀土元素

在实验三种显色体系的基础上,确定以DBC-偶氮氯膦为显色剂,在盐酸-草酸介质中,对15个稀土元素进行吸收光谱测定。按吸收光谱的差异,将15个稀土元素分为镧、钇、钕、钆、镝、镱六组。用可变误差多面体的计算方法,考察计算参数及约束条件对计算结果的影响,其中以浓度上限的影响较大。为此,提出“浓度上限选代法”,以期克服其影响。该法用于同时测定铝-稀土合金样品中镧、钇、钕、钆、镝、镱6个稀土组的含量,结果与与荧光光谱分析法基本相符。     

多面体低聚倍半硅氧烷的合成研究进展

多面体低聚倍半硅氧烷(POSS)由于具有规整的立体结构、纳米尺寸、优良的相容性和修饰性,使其成为分子结构设计和材料改性的最佳选择之一。因此,POSS的合成引起了人们广泛的关注,深入研究它的合成方法与反应机理具有十分重要的学术意义和应用价值。本论文综述了POSS的合成研究进展(包括水解缩合法、官能团衍生法、缺角闭环法等),重点介绍了全同取代(T8R8)、单官能团(T8R7R′)、多官能团(T8RnR′8-n)及半缩合POSS(T7)的制备方法与途径,并总结了POSS的合成经验及发展方向。     

多面体碳烷的分子轨道方法研究

利用INDO自洽场方法和Edmiston-Ruedenberg定域化方法,计算了多面体碳烷C_2nH_2n(n=2,3,4,5和10)及其骨架C_2n,讨论了它们的电子结构、稳定性和化学键性质。     

Fabrication of ZnSe/C Hollow Polyhedrons for Lithium Storage

ZnSe has got extensive attention for high-performance LIBs anode due to its remarkable theoretical capacity and environmental friendliness. Nevertheless, the large volume variation for the ZnSe in the discharge/charge processes brings about rapid capacity fading and poor rate performance. Herein, ZnSe/C hollow polyhedrons are successfully synthesized by selenization of zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8) with resorcinol-formaldehyde (RF) coating. The protection of C layer derived from RF coating layer and Ostwald ripening during the process of selenization play important roles in promoting formation of ZnSe/C hollow polyhedrons. The ZnSe/C hollow polyhedrons exhibit good rate performance and long-term cycle stability (345 mAh g⁻¹ up to 1000 cycles at 1 A g⁻¹) for lithium ion batteries (LIBs) anode. The improved electrochemical performance is benefit from the unique ZnSe/C hollow structure, in which the hollow structure can effectively avoid terrible volume expansion, and the thin ZnSe/C shell can not only provide adequate diffusion paths of lithium ions and but also enhance the electronic conductivity.     

Design Strategies for Shape-Persistent Covalent Organic Polyhedrons (COPs) through Imine Condensation/Metathesis

A series of dialdehyde compounds were synthesized and reacted with the complementary triamines (either planar or pyramidal with a 109.5° vertex) in a 3:2 ratio to explore the structural requirements on the building blocks for the successful construction of shape-persistent, covalent organic polyhedrons (COPs). Structural variations in the building blocks included the distance and angle between the two reactive sites (aldehyde or amine functional groups) and the absence/presence of solubilizing chains. Computer modeling was utilized to determine and compare the thermodynamic stabilities of some of these COP structures. Furthermore, gas adsorption studies were performed to explore the potential of these molecular cages for gas separation, particularly carbon capture, applications.     

{110}晶面取向Ag3PO4多面体的水热制备及可见光催化活性

采用简易水热法在聚乙二醇-6000 (PEG-6000)辅助下合成了Ag₃PO₄多面体.系统考察了水热反应温度、时间及PEG-6000用量对产物形貌和结构的影响.通过X射线衍射(XRD),扫描电子显微镜(SEM),紫外-可见漫反射光谱(UV-Vis DRS)和荧光(PL)光谱等测试手段对光催化剂进行了表征.结果表明,适宜的水热温度及PEG-6000用量是制备具有{110}活性晶面取向Ag₃PO₄多面体的必要条件,该多面体通过纳米颗粒的Ostwald熟化效应生长而成.可见光催化降解罗丹明B (RhB)的实验表明,该Ag₃PO₄多面体活性明显优于其它水热条件下所制备的非{110}取向晶面样品和离子交换法所得纳米颗粒,其降解反应速率常数(k)为离子交换法所得Ag₃PO₄纳米颗粒的8.3倍.总有机碳含量(TOC)及循环实验证明,该Ag₃PO₄多面体可以有效地矿化RhB并保持较好的循环稳定性.活性自由基捕获实验表明,空穴(h⁺)和羟基自由基(·OH)是光催化氧化的主要活性物种.结合活性物种的氧化还原电位以及Ag₃PO₄的能带结构分析,提出了催化反应界面光生电子-空穴(e^--h⁺)对的分离及转移机制.     

化学短程序和中程序的Voronoi多面体分析

液体和玻璃中的化学短程序是其物理模型的一个基本问题.Voronoi 多面体的计算和统计,提供了一种研究原子间短程化学有序的方法.然而,Voronoi 多面体只能描述原子最近邻的局域堆垛结构,为考察化学有序与距离的关系,特别是短程序、中程序及其间的过渡,我们提出Voronoi 多面体套的概念,并建立了它的计算方法.Voronoi 多面体套(详称胀套Voronoi 多面体)是Voronoi 多面体的直接推广.随着胀套级的递增,它由近到远地描述了原子的各层次的近邻之堆垛结构,细致地刻划出化学有序     

Nickel–Iron Layered Double Hydroxide Hollow Polyhedrons as a Superior Sulfur Host for Lithium–Sulfur Batteries

We have designed and synthesized novel hollow Ni/Fe layered double hydroxide (LDH) polyhedrons as an advanced sulfur host for enhancing the performance of lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries. The Ni/Fe LDH host shows multiple advantages. First, the Ni/Fe LDH shells can provide sufficient sulfiphilic sites for chemically bonding with polysulfides. Second, the hollow architecture can provide sufficient inner space for both loading a large amount of sulfur and accommodating its large volumetric expansion. Moreover, once the active material is confined within the host, the shells could easily restrict the outward diffusion of polysulfides, guaranteeing prolonged cycle life even with high sulfur loading. As a result, the S@Ni/Fe LDH cathode has successfully solved the main issues related to sulfur electrodes, and it exhibits significantly improved electrochemical performances with prolonged life over 1000 cycles and excellent rate properties.     

Self‐Template Synthesis of Hybrid Porous Co3O4–CeO2 Hollow Polyhedrons for High‐Performance Supercapacitors

In this work, hybrid porous Co₃O₄–CeO₂ hollow polyhedrons have been successfully obtained via a simple cation‐exchange route followed by heat treatment. In the synthesis process, ZIF‐67 polyhedron frameworks are firstly prepared, which not only serve as a host for the exchanged Ce3⁺ ions but also act as the template for the synthesis of hybrid porous Co₃O₄–CeO₂ hollow polyhedrons. When utilized as electrode materials for supercapacitors, the hybrid porous Co₃O₄–CeO₂ hollow polyhedrons delivered a large specific capacitance of 1288.3 F g^?1 at 2.5 A g^?1 and a remarkable long lifespan cycling stability (<3.3 % loss after 6000 cycles). Furthermore, an asymmetric supercapacitor (ASC) device based on hybrid porous Co₃O₄–CeO₂ hollow polyhedrons was assembled. The ASC device possesses an energy density of 54.9 W h kg^?1, which can be retained to 44.2 W h kg^?1 even at a power density of 5100 W kg^?1, indicating its promising application in electrochemical energy storage. More importantly, we believe that the present route is a simple and versatile strategy for the preparation of other hybrid metal oxides with desired structures, chemical compositions and applications.     

Ligating DNA with DNA

Cloning DNA typically involves the joining of target DNAs with vector constructs by enzymatic ligation. A commonly used enzyme for this reaction is bacteriophage T4 DNA ligase, which requires ATP as the energy source to catalyze the otherwise unfavorable formation of a phosphodiester bond. Using in vitro selection, we have isolated a DNA sequence that catalyzes the ligation of DNA in the absence of protein enzymes. We have used the action of two catalytic DNAs, an ATP-dependent self-adenylating deoxyribozyme (AppDNA) and a self-ligating deoxyribozyme, to create a ligation system that covalently joins oligonucleotides via the formation of a 3',5'-phosphodiester linkage. The two-step process is conducted in separate reaction vessels wherein the products of deoxyribozyme adenylation are purified before their use as substrates for deoxyribozyme ligation. The final ligation step of the deoxyribozyme-catalyzed sequence of reactions mimics the final step of the T4 DNA ligase reaction. The initial rate constant (k(obs)) of the optimized deoxyribozyme ligase was found to be 1 x 10(-)(4) min(-)(1). Under these conditions, the ligase deoxyribozyme promotes DNA ligation at least 10(5)-fold faster than that generated by a simple DNA template. The self-ligating deoxyribozyme has also been reconfigured to generate a trans-acting construct that joins separate DNA oligonucleotides of defined sequence. However, the sequence requirements of the AppDNA and that of the 3' terminus of the deoxyribozyme ligase limit the range of sequences that can be ligated.     

DNA polymerase-catalyzed DNA network growth

The distinct base pairing property of DNA is an advantageous phenomenon that has been exploited in the usage of DNA as scaffold for directed self-organization to form nanometer-sized objects in a desirable fashion. Herein we report the construction of three-dimensional DNA-based networks that can be generated and amplified by the DNA polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The approach is flexible allowing tuning of the meshes of the network by variation of the size of the template. Additionally, further diversification can be introduced by employment of chemically modified nucleotides in PCR allowing the introduction of functionalities and reporter moieties.     

Electrontransfer through DNA and metal-containing DNA

DNA is currently explored as a new material for functional, molecular nano-architectures. In this respect, one major question is to transform DNA into a conducting material which has the potential for self-assembly into electronically active networks. The article covers recent insight into how DNA transports positive (holes) and negative (excess electrons) charges. It was found that holes move through DNA over significant distances using a G- and to a lesser extent also A-based hopping mechanism. EPR studies and recent investigations with model systems show that excess electrons can also hop through the duplex. The second part of the article describes how DNA is currently modified, particularly coated with metals, in order to increase the conductivity.