三种磺酰脲类除草剂水解反应机理的理论研究

采用量子化学从头算方法在HF/6-31G(d)水平上对氯磺隆、甲嘧磺隆和氟嘧磺隆三种典型的磺酰脲类除草剂在酸性和中性条件下水解反应的机理进行理论研究,分别优化了各反应途径中反应物、过渡态、中间体以及产物的几何构型,并通过振动分析确定反应的过渡态和中间体的真实性。同时,在B3LYP/6-31G(d)水平上计算各驻点的单点能,以及溶剂效应对水解反应的影响。从能量上看,酸性条件更有利于水解反应的进行,与实验结果较为吻合.     

荧光分子印迹膜选择性检测7-氨基-4-甲基香豆素

合成了以7-氨基-4-甲基香豆素为模板分子,聚偏氟乙烯微孔滤膜为支撑介质的分子印迹复合膜.采用荧光光度法,研究了荧光分子印迹膜的吸附动力学、吸附容量和选择性吸附性能.研究表明,该印迹膜对模板分子具有良好的识别功能.     

甲胺磷分子印迹聚合物的结合机理及其分子识别特性的光谱学研究

采用分子自组装印迹技术合成了一种新的对甲胺磷农药分子有高度选择性的分子印迹聚合物。在预聚合阶段,通过1H NMR,FTIR和UV光谱法研究了分子印迹聚合物的形成机理。结果表明模板分子和功能单体通过协同氢键作用形成1∶2型氢键配合物,配合物稳定常数K＝2.894×106 L2·mol-2,稳定性好。运用红外光谱法研究了印迹聚合物对模板分子的特异性识别作用,进一步表明印迹聚合物通过协同氢键作用特异性地识别模板分子。     

磺酰脲除草剂与过氧化氢酶的相互作用

应用荧光光谱法研究了水溶液中氯磺隆、甲磺隆、苄嘧磺隆与过氧化氢酶分子间的结合反应。结果表明,3种除草剂对过氧化氢酶的荧光均有较强的猝灭作用,且形成复合物所产生的静态猝灭是引起过氧化氢酶荧光猝灭的主要原因。进一步根据荧光猝灭结果确定了除草剂-酶复合物的形成常数和结合位点数。氯磺隆：K=8.69×105 L·mol-1, n=1.16;甲磺隆：K=1.01×106 L·mol-1, n=1.21;苄嘧磺隆：K=3.52×103 L·mol-1, n=0.77。由此可见,3种除草剂与过氧化氢酶的结合作用：甲磺隆＞氯磺隆＞苄嘧磺隆。     

辛硫磷分子印迹聚合物的合成

以辛硫磷为模板分子,丙烯酰胺为功能单体,乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯为交联剂,偶氮二异丁腈为引发剂,在甲醇溶液中制备了辛硫磷分子印迹聚合物.该聚合物对模板分子具有良好的选择性,用作液相色谱固定相,很好地分离了模板分子及其结构类似物,结果令人满意.     

双模板汞离子印迹聚合物的制备及其性能

以氯化汞和表面活性剂(十六烷基三甲基溴化铵)为模板,N-(2-氨乙基)-3-氨丙基三甲氧基硅烷为功能单体,正硅酸乙酯为交联剂,利用双重印迹法制备了一种双模板介孔印迹聚合物.利用红外光谱和扫描电镜对印迹聚合物进行微观表征,通过平衡吸附实验研究双模板印迹聚合物的吸附性能和选择识别性能,并且探讨了印迹聚合物用量、pH值以及吸附时间对吸附性能的影响.结果表明,合成的双模板印迹聚合物具有较高的吸附能力和选择识别能力,并且具有较快的吸附速率,20min可达到吸附平衡,重复使用性能良好.在竞争离子pb2+的存在下,最大相对选择性系数可达到73.双模板汞离子印迹聚合物在汞离子的富集与分离领域有良好的应用前景.     

乙酰甲胺磷分子印迹聚合物识别特性的光谱研究

用紫外及红外分光光度法研究了印迹分子和单体之间的作用力,结果表明随着甲胺磷浓度的增加,紫外吸收曲线的最大吸收波长发生红移,说明两者之间存在氢键作用力;经红外光谱分析进一步表明乙酰甲胺磷的—NH和PO可以和甲基丙烯酸的—COOH之间有氢键作用。采用悬浮聚合法制备乙酰甲胺磷分子印迹聚合物微球,除去印迹分子的聚合物留下了对印迹分子特异识别的结合位点。此聚合物可用来做吸附填料,分离富集环境样品中的乙酰甲胺磷。     

磺胺二甲嘧啶分子印迹聚合物制备与光谱特性

本研究以磺胺二甲嘧啶为模板分子,甲基丙烯酸为功能单体,低温紫外引发聚合制备分子印迹聚合物,用紫外光谱法对磺胺二甲嘧啶与甲基丙烯酸的结合作用及磺胺二甲嘧啶印迹聚合物的静态吸附性能和选择性能进行研究,试验结果表明,溶液中的功能单体与印迹分子之间产生了结合作用;与空白印迹聚合物相比,以甲基丙烯酸为功能单体、磺胺二甲嘧啶为模板的分子印迹聚合物展现了较高的结合容量,与其他结构类似的底物磺胺异唑相比,磺胺二甲嘧啶分子印迹聚合物对磺胺二甲嘧啶模板分子显示出明显的选择性和特异性,静态分配系数K_D可达282.3 mg·mL-1,分离因子α可达3.9,并预测磺胺二甲嘧啶分子印迹聚合物结合机理。分析了甲基丙烯酸、二甲基丙烯酸乙二醇酯和磺胺二甲嘧啶分子印迹聚合物的红外谱图,研究结果表明制备的磺胺二甲嘧啶印迹聚合物中CC双键峰很小,并且功能键羧酸键没有明显变化,经交联聚合得到的聚合物确实存在可以同印迹分子相互作用的化学基团。     

分子印迹技术特异性识别头孢类分子的光谱研究

以头孢氨苄(CFL)为特异性分析识别对象,采用本体聚合和悬浮聚合两种聚合方法,制备了头孢氨苄分子印迹聚合物.紫外光谱研究证实模板分子CFL与内烯酰胺之间形成氢键型配合物.用红外光谱法分析了CFL分子印迹聚合物的聚合程度及聚合物表面上存在的功能基团.紫外光谱分析表明,用AM-EGD-MA体系和本体聚合法制备的印迹聚合物对...     

1-氨基萘印迹聚合物分子识别特性的光谱学研究

采用分子自组装印迹技术合成了一种对1-氨基萘有高度选择性的分子印迹聚合物新材料。应用紫外光谱、红外光谱、X射线光电子能谱和1H核磁共振波谱等研究了印迹聚合物的结合位点和识别机理。结果表明模板分子与功能单体通过氢键作用形成1:1型配合物,配合物的稳定常数K=5.537×104L/mol。1-氨基萘分子氨基上的氮原子是质子接受体,功能单体甲基丙烯酸分子羧基上的氢原子是氢键的质子给予体,是与1-氨基萘形成氢键作用的选择性识别位点。利用平衡吸附试验研究了印迹聚合物的结合特性,表明印迹聚合物对1-氨基萘分子具有特异的识别性能。     

奎尼丁分子印迹聚合物的制备及其吸附性能

以奎尼丁(Quinidine)为模板分子,合成奎尼丁分子印迹聚合物(MIP)。通过封管聚合法研究不同功能单体对奎尼丁分子印迹聚合物的影响,并运用Scatchard方程研究奎尼丁分子印迹聚合物选择吸附特性。以甲基丙烯酸(MAA)为功能单体合成的分子聚合物具有较高的选择吸附性,并且印迹聚合物大于非印迹聚合物的吸附量。奎尼丁印迹聚合物用于临床对奎尼丁的富集与检测有应用前景。     

Preparation and Characterization of a Molecularly Imprinted Polymer for Selective Recognition of Trichlorfon and Monocrotophos

In this study, a molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) that can selectively recognize both the trichlorfon and the structurally related compound of monocrotophos pesticides was prepared using mixtures of trichlorfon and monocrotophos as template molecules, methacrylic acid (MAA) as a functional monomer, and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate as a cross-linker. The polymerization conditions had an important influence on the adsorption ability of imprinted polymer. When the ratio of trichlorfon and monocrotophos was 1.5:1 (mol/mol), the MIP had high adsorption capacity. The prepared polymers were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and static and kinetic adsorption experiments. The results indicated that the P = O groups of trichlorfon and monocrotophos reacted with the -OH groups of MAA during the synthesis of MIP. The imprinted polymer exhibited good recognition ability and higher selectivity toward trichlorfon and monocrotophos than the structurally related pesticide compounds of acephate and methamidophos, and offered fast kinetics for solid phase by the MIP adsorption of trichlorfon and monocrotophos from liquid phase.     

Specific Fluorescence Probe for Direct Recognition of Dimethoate Using Molecularly Imprinting Polymer on ZnO Quantum Dots

ZnO quantum dots (QDs) based molecularly imprinting polymer (MIP)-coated composite was described for specific detection of the dimethoate (DM) as a template. The MIP was synthesized by simple self-assembly of 3-aminopropyl triethoxysilane (APTES) monomers and tetraethyl ortho-silicate as cross linking agent in the presence of template molecules. The used imprinting course can improve the tendency of the prepared QDs toward the DM template molecules. The MIP-coated ZnO QDs showed a strong fluorescence emission which undergoes a quenching effect in the presence of DM. So, a selective probe could be designed based on these composites to recognize DM in water samples. Under optimized experimental conditions, a linear relationship between the emission intensity of MIP-coated ZnO QDs and concentration of DM, in the range of 0.02–3.2 mg L^?1 with a detection limit of 0.006 mg L^?1. Combination of high specificity of MIP element and distinct fluorescence features of ZnO QDs provides a sensitive and selective recognizing method for pesticide detection. The developed method was successfully applied for the determination of DM contamination in environmental water samples.     

分子印迹聚合反应中功能单体与模板分子间作用力的光谱分析

要获得吸附性能良好的非共价型分子印迹聚合物,聚合前模板分子与功能单体的结合程度至关重要。而相关研究报道较少。文章采用紫外光谱并结合红外光谱分析法,研究了模板分子穿心莲内酯与功能单体丙烯酰胺(AM)在3种溶剂乙腈、四氢呋喃和乙酸乙酯中相互作用力的大小。实验结果发现,穿心莲内酯与AM在乙腈溶剂中,224nm处的紫外吸收峰发生蓝移,蓝移5nm,且吸收峰增强,红外光谱中O—H伸缩振动峰发生蓝移,蓝移近8cm-1,N—H伸缩振动峰蓝移近6cm-1,表明两者之间发生较强的蓝移氢键作用力;而它们在另两种溶剂中作用力很微弱。因此,加入功能单体后光谱改变越大分子间作用力越强,识别点的选择性越好,由此制备的分子印迹聚合物吸附性能越好。     

Synthesis and Adsorption Study of BSA Surface Imprinted Polymer on CdS Quantum Dots

开发了CdS量子点用于牛血清白蛋白(BSA)表面压印的方法,将CdS量子点掺杂进BSA的分子压印聚合物中. 实验过程中对制备条件和吸附条件进行了优化. 量子点(QDs)和量子点分子压印聚合物(QDs-MIP)的形貌用扫描电子显微镜进行了表征. 当该QDs-MIP重新结合模板分子BSA时,CdS量子点的荧光被淬灭. 荧光淬灭的原因可能是量子点与模板蛋白质分子之间的荧光共振能量转移. 该聚合物对压印分子的吸附为单分子层吸附,符合Langmuir等温吸附模型. 化学吸附为速率控制步骤. 该新型聚合物的最大吸附容量可达226.0 mg/g,比未掺杂量子点的BSA压印聚合物提高142.4 mg/g.     

Preparation of Liquid Crystalline Molecularly Imprinted Polymer Coated Metal Organic Framework for Capecitabine Delivery

A novel molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) coated metal organic framework (MOF) containing a liquid crystalline (LC) monomer is successfully synthesized for use in drug delivery systems. In this study, [Cu₃(BTC)₂(H₂O)₃] _n (HKUST‐1) is chosen as the MOF support owing to its large pore volume, good diffusion, and thermostability. 4‐Methyl phenyl dicyclohexyl ethylene (MPDE) is used as a LC monomer to increase the solvent‐responsive floating of the composite. The preparation conditions of HKUST‐1@LC‐MIP with capecitabine (CAPE) as a template, including the types of functional monomer, the ratio between template and functional monomer, as well as the content of MPDE, are investigated. Characterizations of the HKUST‐1@LC‐MIP are explored using scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscope images, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermal gravimetric analysis, X‐ray diffraction, and nitrogen adsorption. Compared to the HKUST‐1, the HKUST‐1@LC‐MIP shows better stability in aqueous solution. In vitro release studies of CAPE of HKUST‐1@LC‐MIP show zero‐order release of profiles at the loaded concentration of 500 µg mL^?1. From in vivo pharmacokinetic studies, the HKUST‐1@LC‐MIP displays higher relative bioavailability. It turns out that the HKUST‐1@LC‐MIP possesses the properties of controlled release and has the potentials for oral administration.     

Steady-State and Frequency-Domain Lifetime Measurements of an Activated Molecular Imprinted Polymer Imprinted to Dipicolinic Acid

We recently demonstrated the synthesis and fluorescence activity associated with an optical detector incorporating a molecular imprinted polymer (MIP). Steady-state and time-resolved (lifetime) fluorescence measurements were used to characterize the binding activity associated with MIP microparticles imprinted to dipicolinic acid (DPA). DPA is a unique biomarker associated with the sporulation phase of endospore-forming bacteria. Vinylic monomers were polymerized in a dimethylformamide solution containing DPA as a template. The resulting MIP was then pulverized and sorted into small microscale particles. Tests were conducted on replicate samples of biologically active cultures representing both vegetative stationary phase and sporulation phase of Bacillus subtilis in standard media. Samplers were adapted incorporating the MIP particles within a dialyzer cartridge (500 MW). The permeability of the dialyzer membrane permitted diffusion of lighter molecular weight constituents from microbial media effluents to enter the dialyzer chamber and come in contact with the MIP. Results showed dramatic (10-fold over background) steady-state fluorescence changes (as a function of excitation, emission and intensity) for samples associated with high endospore biomass (DPA), and a frequency-domain lifetime of 5.3 ns for the MIP-DPA complex.     

分子印迹聚合反应中致孔剂选择的紫外光谱分析

在制备分子印迹聚合物的过程中,模板分子与功能单体的结合程度直接影响到分子印迹聚合物的吸附性能,适宜的致孔剂对模板分子与功能单体之间的作用力影响巨大.采用紫外光谱分析法,研究了模板分子香兰素与功能单体丙烯酰胺(AM)在3种致孔剂乙腈、四氢呋喃和乙酸乙酯中相互作用力的大小.实验结果发现,香兰素与AM在乙腈致孔剂中,227nm处的紫外吸收峰发生蓝移,蓝移5nm,且吸收峰增强,表明两者之间发生较强的氢键作用力;而它们在另两种致孔剂中作用力很微弱.因此,加入功能单体后光谱改变越大分子间作用力越强,由此制备的分子印迹聚合物的吸附性能越好.