Electrical capacitance of dielectric coated metallic parallelepiped and closed cylinder isolated in free space

This paper presents a method for the evaluation of the capacitance and the charge distribution of a dielectric coated metallic parallelepiped and a dielectric coated metallic hollow cylinder with the top and bottom cover plates using the method of moments (MoM) based on the pulse basis function and the point matching. Boundary conditions for the potential on the conductor surfaces and continuity of the normal component of the displacement density at the dielectric-free space interface is used to generate two integral equations. Two sets of simultaneous equations are formed from the two integral equations using the MoM. The total charge on the conductor surface is found from the solution for the set of simultaneous equations. The validity of the analysis has been justified by comparing the data on the capacitance available in the literature for metallic cube and hollow cylinder with top and bottom cover plates with the data on capacitance, computed by the present method for similar structures considering a very low dielectric constant as well as a very thin dielectric coating.     

Non-Boltzmann distribution of free electrons under high space charge conditions

The density distribution of electrons in a uniformly heated thermionic diode consisting of two electrodes with different work functions is non-Boltzmannian under high space charge conditions because of the repulsive forces between the electrons leading to an electronic non-equilibrium in the diode.     

用于固体介质中空间电荷的压电压力波法与电声脉冲法

采用一种新的简明的方法推导了压力波法(PWP)的测量原理，并对压力波法和电声脉冲法(PE A)作了比较，得出这两种测量方法在物理本质上的相通之处，并且采用本实验室自行研制的 piezo-PWP/PEA联合测试系统对交联聚乙烯样品中的空间电荷进行测量，所得出的结论仍是 一致的. 关键词： 压力波法 电声脉冲法 空间电荷     

同轴结构中压力波法测量空间电荷分布的物理模型研究

从压力波法测量平板样本中空间电荷分布的理论分析出发,提出了对于同轴结构的固体电介质中空间电荷分布的压力波法测量的物理模型,并得出了测量电流的解析的数学表达式.依据泊松方程,考虑样品内的电场强度、介电常数和空间电荷密度随外界声波扰动而发生变化,将圆柱试样受到的压力波的影响分解成样品形变和质点位移两部分,进而得到了以同轴结构中空间电荷分布的压力波法测量的电压与电流表达式.测量电流的数学表达式表明,对于同轴结构,压力波法的测量电流信号不像平板结构中那样基本正比于空间电荷分布,而是应该做进一步的修正处理.     

The R-function method for the free vibration analysis of thin orthotropic plates of arbitrary shape

Free flexural vibrations of homogeneous, thin, orthotropic plates of an arbitrary shape with mixed boundary conditions are studied using the R-function method. The proposed method is based on the use of the R-function theory and variational methods. In contrast to the widely used methods of the network type (finite differences, finite element, and boundary element methods), in the R-function method all the geometric information given in the boundary value problem statement is represented in an analytical form. This allows one to seek a solution in a form of some formulas called a solution structure. These solution structures contain some indefinite functional components that can be determined by using any variational method. A method of constructing the solution structures satisfying the required mixed boundary conditions for eigenvalue plate bending problems is described. Numerical examples for the vibration analysis of orthotropic plates of complex geometry with mixed boundary conditions for illustrating the aforementioned R-function method and comparison against the other methods are made to demonstrate its merits.     

Three-dimensional free vibration analysis of isotropic rectangular plates using the B-spline Ritz method

This paper presents three-dimensional free vibration analysis of isotropic rectangular plates with any thicknesses and arbitrary boundary conditions using the B-spline Ritz method based on the theory of elasticity. The proposed method is formulated by the Ritz procedure with a triplicate series of B-spline functions as amplitude displacement components. The geometric boundary conditions are numerically satisfied by the method of artificial spring. To demonstrate the convergence and accuracy of the present method, several examples with various boundary conditions are solved, and the results are compared with other published solutions by exact and other numerical methods based on the theory of elasticity and various plate theories. Rapid, stable convergences as well as high accuracy are obtained by the present method. The effects of geometric parameters on the vibrational behavior of cantilevered rectangular plates are also investigated. The results reported here may serve as benchmark data for finite element solutions and future developments in numerical methods.     

Dynamic stiffness method for exact inplane free vibration analysis of plates and plate assemblies

The inplane free vibration behaviour of plates is investigated using the dynamic stiffness method. Some distinctive modes which went unnoticed in earlier investigations using the dynamic stiffness method have been addressed by revisiting the problem and focusing on the special set of missing solutions. Results are validated extensively both by published results as well as by numerical studies using NASTRAN and ABAQUS. The accuracy of the finite element method for inplane free vibration analysis is assessed and critically examined through the provision of benchmark solutions. Some representative modes that are missed by well-established dynamic-stiffness-based computer programs are presented. The inplane dynamic stiffness matrix presented is of great importance when combined with the out of plane matrix in order to obtain the closed-form solution for free vibration analysis of structures with complex geometries.     

The structure of XLPE and the distribution of space charge

The formation and accumulation of space charge under charge treatment are investigated using PWP method. The interaction between space charge and the structure of XLPE is measured using infrared spectroscopy (IR) method. The related mechanism about space charge distribution and the structure of XLPE are discussed.     

Electrostatic potential in cylindrical dielectric media using the image charge method

We derive a simple analytical expression for the electric potential produced by a point charge in a cylindrical pore with relative permittivity different from that of the surrounding medium. The interface between the pore and the surrounding media may contain electric charge or be electrically neutral. The expression reduces to the known solutions when the surrounding dielectric medium is identical to the pore or an electric conductor. We discuss the convergence of the series expansion and numerically evaluate the electrostatic potential inside the cylindrical pore. The calculated potential shows the effect of the dielectric permittivity difference of the media. The results demonstrate that the expression can be implemented in a numerical dynamic simulation of charged systems in cylindrical geometry. We also give an expression for the case when the source charge is in the medium outside the cylinder.     

An extended transfer matrix-finite element method for free vibration of plates

A combination of extended transfer matrix and finite element methods is proposed for obtaining vibration frequencies of structures. This method yields the value of the frequency once a trial value is assumed. By using this technique, the number of nodes required in the regular finite element method is reduced and therefore a smaller computer can be used. Besides, no plotting of the values of the determinants corresponding to each assumed frequency is necessary. A worked example is given for the case of vibration of a cantilever plate. The results show fast convergence from the assumed value to the true natural frequency.     

Influence of sub-bandgap illumination on space charge distribution in CdZnTe detector

The space charge accumulation in CdZnTe crystals seriously affects the performance of high-flux pulse detectors.The influence of sub-bandgap illumination on the space charge distribution and device performance in CdZnTe crystals were studied theoretically by Silvaco TCAD software simulation.The sub-bandgap illumination with a wavelength of 890 nm and intensity of 8×10?8 W/cm2 were used in the simulation to explore the space charge distribution and internal electric field distribution in CdZnTe crystals.The simulation results show that the deep level occupation faction is manipulated by the sub-bandgap illumination,thus space charge concentration can be reduced under the bias voltage of 500 V.A flat electric field distribution is obtained,which significantly improves the charge collection efficiency of the CdZnTe detector.Meanwhile,premised on the high resistivity of CdZnTe crystal,the space charge concentration in the crystal can be further reduced with the wavelength of 850 nm and intensity of 1×10?7 W/cm2 illumination.The electric field distribution is flatter and the carrier collection efficiency of the device can be improved more effectively.     

Analysis of the electrostatic force on a dielectric particle with partial charge distribution

This paper presents the analysis of the electrostatic force acting on a charged dielectric particle on a grounded plane. The force has been determined by a numerical field calculation method to make clear the effect of particle dielectric constant and charge distribution on the particle surface. The charge is treated to be distributed in three ways: (a) uniformly over entire surface, (b) partially on the upper, or (c) on the lower part of a particle. The calculation results show that, if a particle with dielectric constant ?_p = 3 is partially charged on the lower part by a zenith angle π/2, π/4 and π/8, the force shall be higher by 0.7, 4.3 and 20 times, respectively, than that for a uniform charging with the same charge amount. On the other hand, the force becomes weaker when charge is on the upper part. The effect of the particle dielectric constant is found to be dependent on the charge distribution. With charge uniform on the entire surface or on the upper part, the force always increases with the dielectric constant. However, when surface charge is restricted to a small area at the lower part of the particle (θ_q < π/4), the force may decrease with increasing the dielectric constant.     

Moment analysis of the probability distribution of different sandpile models

We reconsider the moment analysis of the Bak-Tang-Wiesenfeld and the stochastic sandpile model introduced by Manna [J. Phys. A 24, L363 (1991)] in two and three dimensions. In contrast to recently performed investigations our analysis reveals that the models are characterized by different scaling behavior, i.e., they belong to different universality classes.     

线型离子阱中空间电荷效应的理论分析

线型离子阱中的离子在射频场作用下做宏观的久期运动,久期运动频率与实验参数有关.但当离子阱中囚禁大量同种电荷的离子时,空间电荷效应会导致离子间存在相互排斥的库仑力,使离子的运动频率发生漂移.本文通过求解泊松方程计算了空间电荷产生的附加电场的解析表达式,在小振动近似下理论计算了该附加电场对久期运动频率的影响,模拟了不同离子云中心密度下久期频率的漂移,讨论了离子云的数目、温度与实验参数之间的关系.对用离子阱进行的频标实验、碰撞实验和其他方面的研究都具有重要的指导意义.     

Acceptor levels of high degeneracy in ZnO derived from combined space charge capacitance and hall effect data

The trap distribution in the bulk of ZnO crystals is studied by combined measurements of space-charge capacitance at the electrolyte/ZnO interface and of conductivity and Hall effect. The former yield the density and effective energy of the dominant acceptor levels, while the latter determine their actual energy position. The two types of data enable a rather accurate determination of the degeneracy factor of the acceptors in the samples studied (6 ± 1), information that is very difficult to gain by any other means.     

Wave-matching method for mode analysis of dielectric waveguides

Frequently the cross-section of a longitudinally homogeneous dielectric waveguide may be decomposed into rectangles with constant permittivity. For points inside these rectangles the wave equation for modal fields is solved analytically by expanding into functions with harmonic or exponential dependence on the transverse coordinates. Minimization of a least-squares expression for the remaining misfit on the boundary lines allows us to determine propagation constants and fields for guided modes. Semivectorial calculations for two sets of rib waveguides and the centre sections of a directional coupler and an MMI device show very good agreement with results found in the literature. This revised version was published online in November 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

The dependence of the dielectric constant of liquids on free space — modified interpretation

The relationship between the dielectric constant of the liquid normal alkanes and the reciprocal of the relative free space has been modified.