小分子叠层有机太阳能电池的界面层优化

为了提高双结叠层有机太阳能电池(OSCs)的性能,我们对有机小分子叠层OSCs的中间层(IL)、阴极界面层(CL)和活性层进行了优化。首先,研究不同低功函数的金属纳米粒子(Mg、Ag、Al和Ca)作为IL对叠层OSCs性能的影响,得到了最优的IL材料为0.1 nm厚的金属Al,使得叠层OSCs的PCE提升了50.9%。其次,研究了不同低功函数金属(Mg、Al和Ca)作为CL对叠层OSCs性能的影响,并得到了最优的CL金属材料为Mg,与Al作为CL的叠层OSCs对比,采用Mg作为CL的器件PCE提升了20.7%。最后采用窄带隙材料DTDCTB取代中带隙材料boron subphthalocyanine chloride(SubPc)作为后子电池的活性层,与仅采用SubPc的叠层OSCs相比,PCE提升了30.2%。当前后子电池均采用体异质结结构后,最终叠层OSCs的PCE达到了4.04%,与最初未优化前OSCs的PCE(2.1%)相比,最优OSCs的PCE提升了92.4%。     

阴极修饰层对 SubPc/C60 倒置型有机太阳能电池性能的影响

采用Cs₂CO₃, 石墨烯(graphene):Cs₂CO₃混合材料和 ZnO 纳米颗粒作为阴极修饰材料, 研究了不同阴极界面修饰层对基于SubPc/C₆₀的倒置结构的有机太阳能电池性能的影响. 结果表明: 引入适当厚度的阴极修饰层, 可以提高器件的性能和稳定性; 尤其是基于Cs₂CO₃以及graphene:Cs₂CO₃混合阴极修饰层的光伏器件, 能量转换效率(PCE)提高了2倍; 同时, 采用ZnO纳米颗粒作为阴极修饰层的器件, 开路电压(V_OC)达到0.89 V, 并且器件的PCE 提高了4倍多. 此外, 不同电极修饰材料和倒置结构的引入可以有效防止器件串连电阻的升高, 从而提高器件的稳定性. 关键词： 倒置型 阴极修饰层 有机太阳能电池 稳定性     

使用不同阴极缓冲层提升性能的反型有机太阳能电池

使用含Al_q3、Bphen、BCP、HATNA和Cs₂CO₃作为阴极缓冲层,制备了基于SubPc和C₆₀的反型平面异质结有机太阳能电池. 比较了有机阴极缓冲层的最低未占有分子轨道和电子迁移率对有机太阳能电池性能的影响. 结果显示,Al_q3、Bphen和HATNA能够大幅度提升器件的性能. 使用退火过后的HATNA作为阴极缓冲层获得了最高的效率,比没有阴极缓冲层的器件提升了7倍. 另外,使用空间电荷限制电流理论进行仿真的结果表明,通过加入HATNA作阴极缓冲层,反型有机太阳能电池结构中处于有机/电极界面处的肖特基势垒降低了27%.     

氯化铯甲醇溶液对有机聚合物太阳能电池的影响

研究了氯化铯的甲醇溶液作为阴极修饰层,来提高传统有机聚合物太阳能电池器件性能。通过电容-电压(C-V)测试分析了铝电极和PTB7/PC_(70)BM之间的界面电荷积累情况,同时测试了紫外光电子能谱(UPS),对铝的功函数改变作了研究。结果表明,采用氯化铯的甲醇溶液作阴极修饰层的器件,其短路电流(J_(sc))、开路电压(V_(oc))、填充因子(FF)都有所提高,光电转化效率达到6.36%,与仅用甲醇处理过的器件相比,光电转化效率提高了11%;与未经甲醇处理的器件相比,光电转化效率提高了42.6%。这种一步溶液处理法能够减少电荷积累,同时降低铝电极的功函数,利于电子收集,进而提高器件性能。     

载流子迁移率对有机太阳能电池性能影响的模拟研究

通过器件模拟的方法研究了载流子迁移率对有机太阳能电池性能的影响。研究发现载流子迁移率同时影响光生电子-空穴对的解离和载流子的输运过程,电子和空穴的迁移率都有一个最佳值。大于最佳值会导致短路电流的微小上升和开路电压的大幅下降;小于最佳值会降低光生电子-空穴对的解离效率,进而使短路电流和填充因子明显下降。     

光照强度对太阳能电池特性影响的实验研究

阐述了太阳能电池特性的相关理论,用实验方法研究了太阳能电池开路电压、短路电流、最大输出功率、最佳负载电阻及填充因子与光照强度的关系,结果表明,太阳能电池的开路电压、短路电流、最大输出功率随光照强度的增强而增大,最佳负载电阻和填充因子随光照强度的增强而减小,其中随着光照强度减弱而最佳负载电阻增大并未发现有相关的理论分析或仿真结果的报道,其他结果与太阳能电池特性相关理论一致.     

载流子迁移率对单层有机发光二极管复合效率的影响

建立了在单层有机发光二极管中电场强度不太大(E≤104Vcm)的情况下,载流子注入、传输和复合的理论模型.通过求解非线性Painleve方程得出了电场强度随坐标变化的解析函数关系式以及电流密度随电压变化关系,给出了电流密度以及器件的复合效率在不同的载流子迁移率情况下随电压变化关系图像.结果表明,复合效率受载流子迁移率影响较大,在器件中多数载流子应具有较低的迁移率,而少数载流子应具有较高的迁移率,这样有利于载流子的注入和传输,从而可提高发光效率.并且得出当空穴迁移率大于电子迁移率时,复合区域偏向阴极,反之亦 关键词： 单层有机发光二极管 复合效率 迁移率     

TiO_2阴极缓冲层对Rubrene/C_(70)有机太阳能电池性能的改善

为了提高有机太阳能电池(OSCs)的性能,增强器件在空气中的稳定性,研究了TiO_2薄膜作为阴极缓冲层对OSCs器件性能的影响。制备了结构为ITO/TiO_2/C70/Rubrene/Mo O3/Al的OSCs器件。首先,通过测量器件效率,考察了TiO_2薄膜对Rubrene/C70电池的性能影响。接着,通过控制TiO_2薄膜厚度,研究了TiO_2厚度对器件性能的影响。实验结果显示,当TiO_2修饰层厚度比较薄时,器件的各性能参数较低,随着TiO_2厚度的不断增加,器件的各性能参数呈上升趋势;当TiO_2厚度为81 nm时,器件的各性能参数达到最佳,器件的功率转换效率为1.09%,电流密度为2.55 m A·cm-2,开路电压为0.88 V,填充因子为48.69%;当TiO_2厚度继续增加时,器件的各性能参数开始下降。对比没有TiO_2阴极修饰层的器件,最优时的Jsc、Voc、FF和PCE分别提高了37%、21%、17%和91%,并阐述了性能提高的原因。     

单层有机电致发光器件的阳极修饰研究

通过紫外臭氧和等离子体处理两种方式, 对ITO表面进行了处理。将处理之后的ITO玻璃应用于单层有机电致发光器件(SLOLED)中, 探究两种表面处理方式对改善器件性能的影响差别。实验结果表明, 以等离子体处理之后的基片所得到的器件性能要明显优于紫外臭氧处理。基于等离子体表面处理方式, 引入了MoO₃和HAT-CN两种缓冲层材料, 研究了这两种材料对SLOLED器件性能的影响。实验结果表明, 以HAT-CN为缓冲层的SLOLED表现出更优越的器件性能。     

基于聚多巴胺/氧化锌复合阴极缓冲层的倒置聚合物太阳能电池的研究

利用多巴胺氧化自聚合形成聚多巴胺(PDA)与ZnO结合形成PDA/ZnO复合阴极缓冲层,制备了以P3HT:PC_(61)BM为活性层的倒置结构聚合物太阳能电池,通过改变PDA的自聚合时间来分析复合阴极缓冲层对器件性能的影响.实验发现,随着PDA的自聚合时间的增加,聚合物太阳能电池的光电转换效率先增大后减小,当自聚合时间为10 min时,相应器件光伏性能达到最优值,其开路电压V_(OC)为0.66 V,短路电流密度J_(SC)为9.70 mA/cm~2,填充因子FF为68.06%,光电转换效率PCE为4.35%.器件性能改善的原因是由于PDA/ZnO复合阴极缓冲层减小了ZnO与ITO之间的接触电阻,同时PDA中存在大量的氨基有利于倒置太阳能电池阴极对电子的收集.     

Ca/Alq3 hybrid cathode buffer layer for the optimization of organic solar cells based on a planar heterojunction

Use of efficient anode cathode buffer layer (CBL) is crucial to improve the efficiency of organic photovoltaic cells. Here we show that using a double CBL, Ca/Alq₃, allows improving significantly cell performances. The insertion of Ca layer facilitates electron harvesting and blocks hole collection, leading to improved charge selectivity and reduced leakage current, whereas Alq₃ blocks excitons. After optimisation of this Ca/Alq₃ CBL using CuPc as electron donor, it is shown that it is also efficient when SubPc is substituted to CuPc in the cells. In that case we show that the morphology of the SubPc layer, and therefore the efficiency of the cells, strongly depends on the deposition rate of the SubPc film. It is necessary to deposit slowly (0.02 nm/s) the SubPc films because at higher deposition rate (0.06 nm/s) the films are porous, which induces leakage currents and deterioration of the cell performances. The SubPc layers whose formations are kinetically driven at low deposition rates are more uniform, whereas those deposited faster exhibit high densities of pinholes.     

Improved efficiency of small-molecular (S-M) tandem organic solar cells (TOSCs) by employing low work function alloy nanoparticle intermediate layer

We improved the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the small molecular (S-M) tandem organic solar cells (TOSCs) by employing different low work function alloy nanoparticle intermediate layers. The enhancement of the PCE was mainly attributed to the gap states formed at the interface between the buffer layer and alloy nanoparticle intermediate layer. The gap states result in the disappearance of the electron injection barrier. Compared with the planar heterojunction (PHJ) TOSCs with single Ag nanoparticle intermediate layer, the PCE of the PHJ TOSC with the Mg-Ag alloy nanoparticle intermediate layer exhibits an enhancement of 7.5%. Moreover, the Mg-Ag alloy nanoparticle intermediate layer was also employed in the bulk-heterojunction (BHJ) TOSCs. Compared with the PHJ TOSCs, the PCE of the BHJ TOSCs with Mg-Ag alloy nanoparticle intermediate layer is doubled and achieves a value of 5.54%.     

PTCBI作为阴极修饰层对Rubrene/C70器件性能的影响

制备了结构为ITO/MoO₃(6 nm)/Rubrene (30 nm)/C₇₀ (30 nm)/PTCBI(x nm)/Al (150 nm)器件, 研究了四羧基苝的衍生物PTCBI作为阴极修饰层对Rubrene/C₇₀有机太阳能电池的作用. 实验结果显示, 在C₇₀与Al电极之间插入PTCBI 后, 电池性能得到明显改善; 分析表明, 插入PTCBI后, 活性层与阴极形成了良好的欧姆接触, 提高了器件的内建电场, 同时PTCBI避免了激子与Al电极的接触, 减少了在制备过程中高动能Al对C₇₀的破坏. 进一步考察了PTCBI厚度对电池的性能的影响, 结果显示, 厚度为6 nm的PTCBI 层器件性能最佳, 其开路电压(V_OC)、填充因子(FF)、短路电流密度(J_SC)与功率转换效率(ηP)与未插入PTCBI修饰层的器件相比分别提高了70.4%, 55.5%, 125.1%, 292.2%. 当PTCBI的厚度大于6 nm时, 激子解离后产生的自由电子会在PTCBI与阴极界面积累, 导致器件J-V曲线出现S形.     

线偏振光电位移矢量振动方向对InGaP/InGaAs/Ge三结太阳电池开路电压的影响

研究了线偏振光振动方向对InGaP/InGaAs/Ge三结太阳电池开路电压的影响, 结果表明开路电压随线偏振光电位移矢量振动方向按周期性变化,变化的幅度在 1%-4%左右.理论分析证实了线偏振光电位移矢量的调制可以改变太阳电池的输出开路电压,是由于三结太阳电池晶体结构以及应力影响导致能带结构出现各向异性产生的. 此外,实验结合理论分析,研究了三结太阳电池开路电压随光照度的变化关系, 得出开路电压随光强变化成对数关系.拟合结果说明三结级联太阳电池可以简单看成三个单结太阳电池串联,其理想因子接近6,是由于三结太阳电池中缺陷影响的结果.     

Effect of net carriers at the interconnection layer in tandem organic solar cells

Tandem cell with structure of indium tin oxide (ITO)/molybdenum oxide (MoO₃)/fullerene (C60)/copper phthalocyanine (CuPc)/C60/tris-8-hydroxy-quinolinato aluminum (Alq₃)/Al was fabricated to study the effect of net carriers at the interconnection layer. The open circuit voltage and short circuit current were found to be 1.15 V and 0.56 mA/cm², respectively. Almost the same performance (1.05 V, 0.58 mA/cm²     

载流子复合及能量无序对聚合物太阳电池开路电压的影响

聚合物太阳电池中载流子的复合与能量无序对器件的开路电压有着深刻的影响.本文同时研究了基于传统富勒烯(PC71BM)和非富勒烯(O-IDTBR)电子受体的聚合物太阳电池.通过交流阻抗谱、低温电流密度-电压谱、瞬态光电压以及电致发光光谱等手段重点研究了载流子复合及能量无序对电池器件开路电压的影响.具体地,交流阻抗谱和瞬态光电压测试结果表明,富勒烯体系载流子复合损失较为严重.电致发光光谱研究显示,PC71BM器件的发光峰随着注入电流的增加不断向短波长处移动,而O-IDTBR体系发光峰位置基本不变,该结果证明PC71BM体系中能量无序度更高.载流子复合严重及能量无序度更高共同作用导致了富勒烯器件开路电压的降低.     

The effect of TiCl4-treated TiO2 compact layer on the performance of dye-sensitized solar cell

In order to prevent the charge recombination at the interface between the transparent-conducting oxide (TCO) substrate and electrolyte, a TiO₂ compact layer was deposited on the substrate by hydrolysis of TiCl₄ aqueous solution. Optimum thickness of the compact layer was found to be ∼25 nm, which showed ∼24% increase in the power-conversion efficiency compared with the bare cell. Impedance spectra indicated that the interfacial charge-transfer resistance of TCO/electrolyte interface was increased by more than a factor of three with the TiO₂ compact layer at 0.4 V. Moreover, the electron-carrier lifetime of the 25 nm-deposited cell was improved by a factor of five compared with the bare cell.     

Thickness effect of the TiO2 nanofiber scattering layer on the performance of the TiO2 nanoparticle/TiO2 nanofiber-structured dye-sensitized solar cells

TiO₂ nanofibers (NFs) were fabricated by an electrospinning process and were used as scattering layers in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). The NF-coated photoanodes of the DSSCs were prepared with a variety of scattering layer thicknesses. The thickness effect of the scattering layer on the double-layered TiO₂ nanoparticle (NP)/TiO₂ NF structure was investigated through structural, morphological, and optical measurements. In the double-layered photoanode, the TiO₂ NP layer plays a major role in dye adsorption and light transmission, and the TiO₂ NF scattering layer improves the absorption of visible light due to the light scattering effects. The scattering effect of TiO₂ NFs layer was examined by the incident monochromatic photon-to-electron conversion efficiency (IPCE) and UV–Vis spectrometry. The conversion efficiency for the 12 μm-thick photoanode composed of a 2 μm-thick TiO₂ NF layer and 10 μm-thick TiO₂ NP layer was higher than that of DSSCs with only TiO₂ NPs photoanode by approximately 33%.