“Superpermeability” and “pumping” of atomic hydrogen through palladium membranes

Permeation of atomic as well as molecular hydrogen through palladium membranes has been investigated experimentally in the temperature range from room temperature to 200 °C and at a higher incident flux of hydrogen atoms on palladium surface than in previous studies. The results demonstrate that phenomena of ‘superpermeability’ and ‘pumping’ of atomic gases through metal membranes are of a common nature. A theoretical model based on chemical thermodynamics and diffusion theory adequately describes the quantitative relationships observed in experiments. It was found that permeability of atomic hydrogen depends strongly on the magnitude of surface incident flux and membrane temperature.     

Examples of “intrinsically” and “extrinsically” determined phase morphologies in polymer alloys

The properties of polymer alloys are strongly dependent on their phase morphologies. Usually, the phase dispersion and domain sizes are affected by the process and can be influenced and stabilized only “extrinsically” by dispersants and emulsifiers. But, there are some examples of alloys with phase morphologies which are “intrinsically” determined and thus independently of the processing conditions. This aspect of phase determining factors is discussed using four principally different examples of polymer alloys.