Condensation Reactions of Aromatic Aldehydes with Active Methylene Compounds Catalyzed by Alkaline Ionic Liquid

The Knoevenagel condensation reactions of aromatic aldehydes with active methylene compounds catalyzed by the functionalized ionic liquid, 1-n-butyl-3-methylimmidazolium hydroxide ([bmim]OH), were carried out under grinding, heating, and microwave irradiation conditions, respectively. It is shown that the proposed method is fast, efficient, and environmentally benign.      

Metal- and Solvent-Free Transesterification and Aldol Condensation Reactions by a Homogenous Recyclable Basic Ionic Liquid Based on the 1,3,5-Triazine Framework

A new recyclable basic ionic liquid was introduced as an efficient catalyst for aldol condensation and transesterification reactions under environmentally friendly conditions. The catalyst was prepared based on methyl imidazolium moieties bearing hydroxide counter anions via the Hofmann elimination on a 1,3,5-triazine framework. The ionic liquid with two functionalities including anion stabilizer and high basicity, was used as an efficient catalyst for aldol condensation as well as transesterification reaction of a variety of alkyl benzoates. All reactions were performed in the absence of any external reagent, co-catalyst, or solvent, in line with environmental protection. The kinetics isotope effect (KIE) was conducted for the transesterification reaction to elucidate the mechanism and rate determining step (RDS). It worth noted that, the homogeneous catalyst could be recycled from the reaction mixture and reused for several consecutive runs with insignificant drop of basicity and conversion.