Effect of polarization nonreciprocity in rotating fiber ring interferometers

The effect of polarization nonreciprocity in sensors of angular velocity of rotation—fiber ring interferometers (FRIs)—is considered for arbitrary polarization of eigenmodes of the single-mode optical fiber of an FRI loop and arbitrary polarization state of radiation at the FRI input. A new method for detecting the polarization nonreciprocity in an FRI is proposed. Numerical estimations are made.     

Intensity-dependent change in polarization state of light in normal incidence on an isotropic nonlinear Kerr medium

It is shown that all optical polarization states of light except plane and circular polarization states undergo an intensity-dependent change in normal incidence of light in an isotropic nonlinear Kerr medium. This effect should be detectable and we propose an experiment for detecting nonlinear susceptibility involved in that part of nonlinear polarization, which depends on the polarization state of light also.     

Polarization wavefront conjugation by means of transient holograms in rigid dye solutions

Polarization wavefront conjugation by means of four-wave mixing in rigid solutions of azo-dyes is investigated. The polarization characteristics of the holographic recording are studied. It is shown that due to the photoinduced anisotropy storage an exact reconstruction of the signal wave polarization is achieved. For such holographic recording the reversed wave generated in the four-wave mixing is conjugated in phase as well as in polarization. The polarization holographic recording of a wave with polarization spatially modulated by an anisotropic distorter is demonstrated and compensation of the polarization inhomogeneities is achieved by passing the phase conjugated wave back through the scatterer.     

Analysis of Polarization State by Digital Holography with Polarization Modulation

The digital holographic technique is applied to analyze the spatial distribution of polarization state of light transmitted through anisotropic objects using an orthogonal linearly polarized reference beam. The polarization orientation of reference beam is switched by an optical fiber Faraday rotator for successive hologram recording. To confirm the principle of polarization analysis, a quarter wave plate (QWP) is used and the distribution of polarization state over the object surface is analyzed for various orientations of the QWP. By providing an area of a known polarization for a part of the object wave as a reference, a phase drift of the reference waves can be evaluated and compensated for using the reference area. The principal axis and ellipticity of polarization ellipse are calculated and compared with their theoretical values. A good agreement between the experimental and theoretical values is observed.     

涡旋光束在反射中的正交偏振特性研究

本文从角谱理论出发建立了涡旋光束在空气-玻璃界面反射时的傍轴传输模型, 并研究了反射过程中诱导产生的正交偏振效应. 当一水平偏振涡旋光束以不同角度入射时, 反射光束的正交偏振分量呈现出类似于一阶厄米-高斯模式的双峰强度分布, 而水平偏振分量强度分布呈现与入射光束相似的分布, 且只在布儒斯特角附近入射时才现出与正交偏振分量垂直的双峰分布. 对于任意线偏振入射光, 其正交偏振分量的偏振方向不再垂直于入射时的偏振方向, 而是与反射光束的中心波矢垂直, 此时正交偏振分量出现有趣的旋转特性, 其物理原因归结于任意线偏振光入射时所对应的水平与垂直偏振分量的反射系数不同. 最后进行了相关实验验证, 发现实验结果与理论分析符合得较好. 关键词： 正交偏振 涡旋光束 任意线偏振     

Transformation of the polarization structure of laser radiation in optical systems

A range of questions regarding the calculation of the spatial polarization structure of laser radiation in optical systems is considered. It is shown that polarization aberrations in such systems lead to a distortion of the initial polarization structure. Requirements for an optical system intended for the transmission of the polarization structure of laser radiation and methods for the compensation of polarization aberrations are discussed.     

Influence of polarization of laser beam on emission intensity of femtosecond laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy

Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy(LIBS) is an important technique which is widely used to analyze element composition. In order to improve the sensitivity of LIBS, much effort has been made to enhance the spectral intensity of LIBS by proposing a number of methods. In addition, we find that laser polarization has great influence on the emission intensity of femtosecond LIBS. By comparing the emission intensity of femtosecond LIBS in the circular polarization with that in the linear polarization, the spectral intensity in the case of circular polarization is stronger than that in the case of linear polarization. Moreover, this phenomenon is more obvious as laser energy increases. The polarization plays an important role in LIBS signal intensity. Based on the observation, the enhanced mechanism of the laser polarization for the spectral intensity is discussed in this paper, which will be helpful in spectral analysis and component analysis.     

光源参数及大气湍流对电磁光束传输偏振特性的影响

根据光束扩展理论,以部分相干的电磁高斯-谢尔光束为研究对象,分析了电磁光束传输时其偏振特性的变化机理.结果表明,光源参数和大气湍流对电磁光束分量扩展的影响是导致传输过程中电磁光束偏振特性变化的原因.在真空中传输时,电磁光束两分量的相干性存在差异,导致传输时电磁光束两分量扩展快慢不同,从而引起传输路径上光束谱偏振度的变化.在大气湍流中,电磁光束两分量扩展的快慢与光源参数和大气湍流强度均有关,当传输路径较短时,电磁光束偏振变化主要与光源参数有关,变化特性与在真空中传输时的情况类似,而传输距离较远时,电磁光束偏振变化受大气湍流的影响明显,变化特性与在真空中传输时的情形存在不同.     

光的偏振对热光关联成像的影响

根据完全偏振光的不同偏振态和部分偏振光的不同偏振度对二阶关联函数的影响,利用统计光学理论研究了光的不同偏振性质对关联成像的可见度和信噪比的影响.研究表明,光的偏振对热光关联成像的影响体现在部分偏振光的不同偏振度上,关联成像的可见度是偏振度的二次函数,由二阶关联函数方法得到的信噪比随着偏振度增大而提高,而利用减去背景项的二阶关联函数以及二阶相干度方法得到的信噪比均与偏振度无关. 关键词： 关联成像 偏振 可见度 信噪比     

一种基于偏振解析的三维表面重建方法

提出用解析反射光偏振图像来重建透明物体表面形状的原理及实现方法。从物体表面反射的光具有一定的偏振特性,偏振特性的不同反映了物体的形状和反射特性的不同,这两者之间存在一种必然的联系。通过分析物体表面反射光的偏振分布,可以得到物体的表面形状。依据菲涅耳反射公式,推导出偏振度与物体表面法线间的函数关系,据此构建相应算法,对由CCD照相机拍得的被测物体的偏振灰度图像进行处理,重建出被测物体的表面形状。实验结果证明提出的方法是实用且有效的。     

A polarization stabilizer up to 12.6 krad/s with an additional function of stable state of polarization transformation

This paper reports on an experiment about a novel method of polarization stabilization. The polarization stabilizer proposed here has an additional function of polarization transformation from any state of polarization into any others. The particle swarm optimization is introduced as a control algorithm in the process of either searching or endless tracking. The tracking speed of the stabilizer is obtained up to 12.6~krad/s by using hardware we have in the laboratory, which means that we can achieve a higher speed practical polarization stabilizer if we have faster hardware.     

Electromagnetically induced transparency in degenerate two-level systems

The evolution of an electromagnetic wave with slowly varying polarization, which interacts resonantly with the medium formed by degenerate two-level atoms, is studied using the wave function approach under the conditions of electromagnetically induced transparency. It is shown that the amplitude of the wave field propagates at the velocity of light in such a medium. The equation obtained for the polarization parameter has a solution in the form of a simple wave. The breaking length is determined. It is shown that the velocity of propagation of polarization waves may be much smaller than the velocity of light. The proposed approach is common for two-level systems with an arbitrary degeneracy. The case of a system with Zeeman degeneracy is analyzed in detail. The dependence of the velocity of propagation of the polarization structure on the amplitude and polarization is determined for an arbitrary level degeneracy. The evolution of the polarization structure in such a medium is discussed.     

Transformation problem for radiation with radial polarization

The propagation and transportation of laser beams with radial polarization (RP beam), possessing a high efficiency in their interaction with matter, are studied. The effect of different elements of an optical system on the polarization state of RP beams is analyzed. It is shown that optical systems with radial symmetry do not disturb the polarization of an RP beam and that the negative effect of a mirror on the state of polarization can be counterbalanced.     

一种高精度偏振遥感探测方式的精度分析

检偏器的角度误差是影响偏振遥感探测精度的重要因素之一,是许多高精度定量化偏振遥感需要考虑的一个问题。在检偏器(0°,60°,120°)放置的测量系统中,当入射光偏振角接近于0°或180°时偏振测量易产生最大误差值,而偏振角接近30°,90°和150°时,偏振度的测量具有很高的精度;在检偏器(0°,45°,90°)放置方式中,偏振角接近45°的光束测量易具有最大误差值,而偏振角接近于0°,90°和135°时,角度误差对偏振度测量精度的影响很小。除了个别偏振角外,对高偏振度入射光束的偏振测量通常具有较大的偏振测量误差。因此,引进线偏振光的平均偏振度测量精度描述偏振测量装置的优劣,结果表明检偏器(0°,60°,120°)放置方式优于检偏器(0°,45°,90°)放置方式。     

亚波长光栅的偏振闪耀特性

 使用琼斯矩阵的方法推导了连续结构亚波长光栅的衍射方程,给出了光栅衍射效率表达式,对偏振特性与衍射特性进行了研究。发现连续结构亚波长光栅仅存在３个衍射级,总衍射效率为100%,且衍射效率可在衍射级间任意分配,0级的偏振态与入射光的偏振态相同,±1级衍射光偏振态与入射光无关,－1级为左旋圆偏振光,＋1级为右旋圆偏振光。通过设置入射光偏振态与光栅相位延迟等参数,可使光栅具有闪耀特性,据此可用于设计高效偏振光分束器和偏振光开关。     

The von Neumann representation as a joint time–frequency parameterization for polarization-shaped femtosecond laser pulses

We generalize the joint time–frequency von Neumann representation of femtosecond laser pulses for usage with time-dependent polarization states. The electric field is expanded in terms of Gaussian-shaped transform-limited subpulses located on a discrete time–frequency lattice, each with a specific polarization state. This formalism provides an intuitive picture for the time- and frequency-dependent polarization state. It can also serve as a basis for polarization pulse shaping. As an illustration, we define pulses for which polarization parameters (ellipticity and orientation) are given directly in time–frequency phase space. This approach has applications in quantum control and other areas for which time- and frequency-dependent light polarization is relevant.     

基于偏振模干涉的可变系数微波光子滤波器

基于偏振调制和光的干涉原理,设计了同时具有正系数和负系数特性的微波光子滤波器,并通过搭建实验模型证实了方案的可行性。利用偏振调制及光的偏振特性实现载波和一阶边带的正交偏振,并通过改变偏振调制器的偏置电压分别对载波和一阶边带引入相移。当载波和一阶边带的相位差为0或90时,利用保偏光纤快慢轴上两正交偏振光在同一偏振态上的干涉效应,分别对应实现具有负系数或正系数特性的微波光子滤波器。最后,测量并验证了0~15 GHz频率范围内滤波器的频率响应。     

Optoelectronic Oscillator Based on Polarization Modulation

Abstract

A polarization modulator together with a polarizer can implement phase modulation, intensity modulation with tunable chirp, and frequency-doubling intensity modulation. If an optical filter is incorporated, frequency-quadrupling and frequency-sextupling intensity modulations and a microwave photonic phase shifter can also be realized. By using a polarization modulator to replace the intensity modulator in an optoelectronic oscillator, various new features are enabled. In this article, an analytical model for the polarization modulator-based systems is established. The recent development in employing polarization modulators for constructing optoelectronic oscillators is discussed. The emerging applications enabled by the polarization modulator-based optoelectronic oscillators and the possible future development are also discussed.     

Strong and weak relaxation polarization in dielectric statistical mixtures of non-extended particles

The heterogeneous dielectric in the form of a statistical mixture of nonextended particles is considered; the existence of through conductivity in each component is examined, and an expression for the complex dielectric permeability of this system is obtained. The conditions for the development of strong relaxation polarization in such systems are found. The transition from strong to weak relaxation polarization is identified from an increase in the relationship between the contributions of the relaxation polarization and the fast polarization processes to the effective polarizability of a heterogeneous system and a change in the distribution parameter.     

Synchronization of polarization mode of two unidirectionally coupled vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser and its application in communication

We theoretically investigate the synchronization performance of polarization mode of two unidirectionally coupled vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) and propose an encryption scheme, where the phase of the polarization states of the master laser are modulated. It is demonstrated that high synchronization can be achieved between corresponding polarization components of the master laser and the slave laser. Moreover, two distinct synchronization regimes exist, complete synchronization and injection locking. The transmitted digital information is successfully recovered at each polarization branch of the slaver laser. The results open an opportunity for multichannel chaotic communication by utilizing different polarization components in single-mode or multi-transverse-mode VCSELs.