4-Oxa(thia)-9-oxa-2-azabicyclo[4.2.1]nonane-3-on(thion) derivatives

The synthesis of 7,8-dihydroxy-2-(2-methoxycarbonylethyl)-4,9-dioxa-2-azabicyclo[4.2.1]nonane- 3-thione ( 16 ) and of its parents 9-oxa-4-thia-3-thione 17 , and 9-oxa-4-thia-3-one 18 is described. The conversion of 5′-deoxy-5′-iodo-2′,3′-O, O-isopropylidene-5,6-dihydrouridin ( 1 ) into the 2-O-methyl-5,6-dihydrouridine 5 , the 5′-O-acetyl-5,6-dihydrouridine 4 , and into the N-(5-O-acetyl-2,3-O, O-isopropylidene-β-D -ribofuranosyl)-N-(2-methoxycarbonyl thyl)-urea ( 6 ) invoked 2′,3′-O, O-isopropylidene-2,5′-anhydro-5,6-dihydrouridine ( 2 ) as the common intermediate.     

Synthesis of 5-Methyluridine and Its 5′-Mercapto-, 2-Amino-, and 4′,5′-Unsaturated Analogues

The stereospecific cis-hydroxylation of 1-(2,3-dideoxy-β-D -glyceropent-2-enofuranosyl)thymine (1) into 1-β-D -ribofuranosylthymine (2) by osmium tetroxide is described. Treatment of 2′,3′-O, O-isopropylidene-5-methyl-2,5′-anhydrouridine (8) with hydrogen sulfide or methanolic ammonia afforded 5′-deoxy-2′,3′-O, O-isopropylidene-5′-mercapto-5-methyluridine (9) and 2′,3′-O, O-isopropylidene-5-methyl-isocytidine (10) , respectively. The action of ethanolic potassium hydroxide on 5′-deoxy-5′-iodo-2′,3′-O, O-isopropylidene-5-methyluridine (7) gave rise to the corresponding 1-(5-deoxy-β-D -erythropent-4-enofuranosyl)5-methyluracil (13) and 2-O-ethyl-5-methyluridine (14) . The hydrogenation of 2 and its 2′,3′-O, O-isopropylidene derivative 4 over 5% Rh/Al₂O₃ as catalyst generated diastereoisomers of the corresponding 5-methyl-5,6-dihydrouridine ( 17 and 18 ).     

Studies on the Michael addition of naphthoquinones to sugar nitro olefins: first synthesis of polyhydroxylated hexahydro-11H-benzo[a]carbazole-5,6-diones and hexahydro-11bH-benzo[b]carbazole-6,11-diones

A strategy for the synthesis of the novel (6bR,7R,8S,9S,10S,10aR)-8-(benzyloxy)-7,9,10-trihydroxy-6b,7,8,9,10,10a-hexahydro-11H-benzo[a]carbazole-5,6-dione is reported. The key steps were the Michael addition of 2-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone to 1-nitrocyclohexene or 3-O-benzyl-5,6-dideoxy-1,2-O-isopropylidene-6-nitro-α-d-xylo-hex-5-enefuranose and the diastereoselective intramolecular Henry reaction of 3-O-benzyl-5,6-dideoxy-5-C-(3′-hydroxy-1′,4′-naphthoquinon-2′-yl)-1,2-O-isopropylidene-6-nitro-α-d-glucofuranose to give the key (1S,2S,3S,4R,5R,6R)-3-(benzyloxy)-1,2,4-trihydroxy-5-(3′-hydroxy-1′,4′-naphthoquinon-2′-yl)-6-nitrocyclohexane. When 2-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone was replaced by (1,4-dimethoxynaphthalen-2-yl)lithium, the novel (1R,2S,3S,4R,4aS,11bS)-2-(benzyloxy)-1,3,4-trihydroxy-1,2,3,4,4a,5-hexahydro-11bH-benzo[b]carbazole-6,11-dione was obtained.     

Total synthesis of 2-(β-D-ribofuranosyl)thiazole-4-carboxamide (Tiazofurin) and of precursors of ribo-C-nucleosides

(1R,2S,4R)-2-Cyano-7-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-en-2-yl (1S′)-camphanate ( 5 ) was transformed into (?)-methyl 2,5-anhydro-3,4,6-O-tris[(tert-butyl)dimethylsilyl]-D -allonate ( 2 ), (+)-1,3-diphenyl-2-{2′,3′,5′-O-tris[(tert-butyl)dimethylsilyl]-β-D -ribofuranosyl}imidazolidine ( 3 ), and the benzamide 20 of 1-amino-2,5-anhydro-1-deoxy-3,4,6-O-tris-[((tert-butyl)dimethylsily)]-D -allitol. Compound 2 was converted efficiently into optically active tiazofurin ( 1 ).     

Trennung und absolute Konfiguration der C(8)-epimeren (all-E)-Neochrome (Trollichrome) und -Dinochrome

Separation and Absolute Configuration of the C(8)-Epimeric (app-E)-Neochromes (Trollichromes) and -Dinochromes The C(8′)-epimers of (all-E)-neochrome were separated by HPLC and carefully characterized. The faster eluted isomer, m.p. 197.8–198.3°, is shown to have structure 3 ((3S,5R,6R,3′S,5′R,8′R)-5′,8′-epoxy-6,7-dodehydro-5,6,5′,8′-tetrahydro-β,β-carotene-3,5,3′-triol). To the other isomer, m.p. 195-195.5°, we assign structure 6 , ((3S,5R,6R,3′S,5′R,8′R)-5′,8′-epoxy-6,7-didehydro-5,6,5′,8′-tetrahydro-β,β-carotene-3,5,3′-triol). The already known epimeric dinochromes (= 3-O-acetylneochromes) can now be formulated as 4 and 5 , (‘epimer 1’ and its trimethylsilyl ether) and 7 and 8 , (‘epimer 2’ and its trimethylsilyl ether), respectively.     

Asymmetric Synthesis of (S)-5,5,5,5′,5′,5′,5′-Hexafluoroleucine

(S)-5,5,5,5′,5′,5′-Hexafluoroleucine ((S)- 13 ) of 81 % ee is prepared from hexafluoroacetone ( l ) and ethyl bromopyruvate (= ethyl 2-oxopropanoate) in 7 steps with an overall yield of 18% (Schemes 1 and 2). Key step in this sequence is the highly enantioselective reduction of the carbonyl group in α-keto ester 4 either by bakers' yeast (91 % ee) or by ‘catecholborane’ 6 utilizing an oxazaborolidine catalyst, yielding hydroxy ester (R)- 5 with 99% ee. The absolute configuration was determined by X-ray analysis of the HCl adduct (S,R)- 9b of (2S)-N-[(R)- l-phenylethyl]-5,5,5,5′,5′,5′-hexafluoroleucine ethyl ester.     

Synthesis and characterization of some heterocyclic derivatives from 1,2:3,4-Di-o-isopropylidene-α-d-galacto-1,6-hexadialdo-1,5-pyranose oxime

We report the synthesis of 5-[5′-(1′,2′:3′,4′-di-O-isopropylidene-β-L-arabinopyranosyl)]tetrazole, from 1,2:3,4-di-O-isopropylidene-α-D-galacto-1,6-hexodialdo-1,5-pyranose oxime via 1,2:3,4-di-O-isopropylidene-α-D-galcturononitrile as intermediate by 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition. We also report the synthesis of 5-methyl- and 5-phenyl-2-[5′-(1′,2′:3′,4′-di-O-isopropylidene-β-L-arabinopyranosyl)]-1,3,4-oxadiazole from the tetrazole derivative. The physical and spectroscopic characterizations of the heterocyclic derivatives as well as the intermedi ate nitrile and the principal by product are described and we discuss its possible formation pathway. We present the preferential conformation in solution using computational calculation and spectroscopic data.     

Selective N3- and 5′-O-Alkylation of 2′,3′-O-isopropylideneuridine with methyl iodide

The 2′,3′-O-isopropylideneuridine ( 1 ) reacts with MeI in the presence of an excess of NaH in THF giving 2′,3′-O-isopropylidene-5′-O-methyluridine ( 2 ). Prolonged reaction time gives rise to 2′,3′-O-isopropylidene-3,5′-O-dimethyluridine ( 4 ). The use of an equimolar amount of base and alkylating agent results predominantly in methylation at N(3) (→ 3).     

Synthesis and properties of 5-(1,2-dihaloethyl)-2′-deoxyuridines and related analogues

The regiospecific reaction of 5-vinyl-3′,5′-di-O-acetyl-2′-deoxyuridine ( 2 ) with HOX (X = Cl, Br, I) yielded the corresponding 5-(1-hydroxy-2-haloethyl)-3′,5′-di-O-acetyl-2′-deoxyuridines 3a-c . Alternatively, reaction of 2 with iodine monochloride in aqueous acetonitrile also afforded 5-(1-hydroxy-2-iodoethyl)-3′,5′-di-O-acetyl-2′-deoxyuridine ( 3c ). Treatment of 5-(1-hydroxy-2-chloroethyl)- ( 3a ) and 5-(1-hydroxy-2-bromoethyl)-3′,5′-di-O-acetyl-2′-deoxyuridine ( 3b ) with DAST (Et₂NSF₃) in methylene chloride at -40° gave the respective 5-(1-fluoro-2-chloroethyl)- ( 6a , 74%) and 5-(1-fluoro-2-bromoethyl)-3′,5′-di-O-acetyl-2′-deoxyuridine ( 6b , 65%). In contrast, 5-(1-fluoro-2-iodoethyl)-3′,5′-di-O-acetyl-2′-deoxyuridine ( 6e ) could not be isolated due to its facile reaction with methanol, ethanol or water to yield the corresponding 5-(1-methoxy-2-iodoethyl)- ( 6c ), 5-(1-ethoxy-2-iodoethyl)- ( 6d ) and 5-(1-hydroxy-2-iodoethyl)-3′,5′-di-O-acetyl-2′-deoxyuridine ( 3c ). Treatment of 5-(1-hydroxy-2-chloroethyl)- ( 3a ) and 5-(1-hydroxy-2-bromoethyl)-3′,5′-di-O-acetyl-2′-deoxyuridine ( 3b ) with thionyl chloride yielded the respective 5-(1,2-dichloroethyl)- ( 6f , 85%) and 5-(1-chloro-2-bromoethyl)-3′,5′-di-O-acetyl-2′-deoxyuridine ( 6g , 50%), whereas a similar reaction employing the 5-(1-hydroxy-2-iodoethyl)- compound 3c afforded 5-(1-methoxy-2-iodoethyl)-3′,5′-di-O-acetyl-2′-deoxyuridine ( 6c ), possibly via the unstable 5-(1-chloro-2-iodoethyl)-3′,5′-di-O-acetyl-2′-deoxyuridine intermediate 6h . The 5-(1-bromo-2-chloroethyl)- ( 6i ) and 5-(1,2-dibromoethyl)-3′,5′-di-O-acetyl-2′-deoxyuridine ( 6j ) could not be isolated due to their facile conversion to the corresponding 5-(1-ethoxy-2-chloroethyl)- ( 6k ) and 5-(1-ethoxy-2-bromoethyl)-3′,5′-di-O-acetyl-2′-deoxyuridine ( 61 ). Reaction of 5-(1-hydroxy-2-bromoethyl)-3′,5′-di-O-acetyl-2′-deoxyuridine ( 3b ) with methanolic ammonia, to remove the 3′,5′-di-O-acetyl groups, gave 2,3-dihydro-3-hydroxy-5-(2′-deoxy-β-D-ribofuranosyl)-furano[2,3-d]pyrimidine-6(5H)-one ( 8 ). In contrast, a similar reaction of 5-(1-fluoro-2-chloroethyl)-3′,5′-di-O-acetyl-2′-deoxyuridine ( 6a ) yielded (E)-5-(2-chlorovinyl)-2′-deoxyuridine ( 1b , 23%) and 5-(2′-deoxy-β-D-ribofuranosyl)furano[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6(5H)-one ( 9 , 13%). The mechanisms of the substitution and elimination reactions observed for these 5-(1,2-dihaloethyl)-3′,5′-di-O-acetyl-2′-deoxyuridines are described.     

Expeditious Synthesis of a Trisubstrate Analogue for α(1→3)Fucosyltransferase

Abstract

The synthesis of cyclohexyl 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-3-O-{2-O-[2-(guanosine 5′-O-phosphate)ethyl]-α-L-fucopyranosyl}-β-D-glucopyranoside (1), a potential inhibitor of α(1→3)fucosyltransferases, is described. Target compound 1 was assembled via fucosylation of cyclohexyl 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-4,6-O-isopropylidene-β-D-glucopyranoside (6) with ethyl 2-O-[2-(benzoylhydroxy)ethyl]-3,4-O-isopropylidene-1-thio-β-L-fucopyranoside (5) followed by debenzoylation, subsequent condensation of the resulting compound with 3′,4′ -di-O-benzoyl-5′ -O-(2-cyanoethyl-N,N-diisopropylphosphoramidite)-2-N-diphenylacetylguanosine (10) and deprotection.     

Synthesis of brain-targeted 5-iodo-, 5-vinyl- and (E)-5-(2-iodovinyl)-2′-deoxyuridines coupled to a dihydropyridine ⇌ pyridinium salt redox chemical delivery system

5-Iodo-3′-O-(1-methyl-1,4-dihydropyridyl-3-carbonyl)-2′-deoxyuridine (15a) , 5-vinyl-3′-O-(1-methyl-1,4-di-hydropyridyl-3-carbonyl)-2′-deoxyuridine (15b) and (E)-5-(2-iodovinyl)-3′-O-(1-methyl-1,4-dihydropyridyl-3-carbonyl)-2′-deoxyuridine (15c) were synthesized for future evaluation as lipophilic brain-selective antiviral agents for the treatment of herpes simplex encephalitis. Quaternization of the 3′-O-(3-pyridylcarbonyl) compounds 10–11 using iodomethane afforded the corresponding 1-methylpyridinium salts 12–13 which were reduced with sodium dithionite to yield the corresponding 3′-O-(1-methyl-1,4-dihydropyridyl-3-carbonyl) compounds 14–15.     

Über Pterinchemie. 85. Mitteilung. Polyacetylierte 5,6,7,8-Tetrahydro-D- und -L-neopterine. Ein besonderer Fall von N(5)-Alkylierung des 5,6,7,8-Tetrahydroneopterin-Gerüstes

Polyacetylated 5,6,7,8-Tetrahydro-D - and L -neopterins. A Special Case of N(5)-Alkylation of 5,6,7,8-Tetrahydroneopterins Improved conditions are reported for the preparation of the earlier described (6R)- and (6S)-1′-O,2′-O,3′-O,2-N,5-pentaacetyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-L -neopterins, one of which could be obtained as pure crystals. Its structure, determined by X-ray-diffraction analysis, corresponds to the (6R)-enantiomer. The method has also been used to make the corresponding D -diastereoisomers. Further acetylation of (6RS)-1′-O,2′-O,3′-O,2-N-tetraacetyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-D -neopterin under drastic conditions yields a mixture of several polyacetylated D -neopterin derivatives and a polyacetylated ethyl-tetrahydro-D -neopterin which was isolated in crystalline form and established by X-ray-diffraction analysis to be (6R)-1′-O,2′-O,3′-O,4-O,2-N,2-N,8-heptaacetyl-5-ethyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-D -neopterin.     

Synthese von diastereo- und enantio-selektiv deuterierten β,ε-, β,β-, β,γ- und γ,γ-Carotinen

Synthesis of Diastereo- and Enantioselectively Deuterated β,ε-, β,β-, β,γ- and γ,γ-Carotenes We describe the synthesis of (1′R, 6′S)-[16′, 16′, 16′-²H₃]-β, εcarotene, (1R, 1′R)-[16, 16, 16, 16′, 16′, 16′-²H₆]-β, β-carotene, (1′R, 6′S)-[16′, 16′, 16′-²H₃]-γ, γ-carotene and (1R, 1′R, 6S, 6′S)-[16, 16, 16, 16′, 16′, 16′-²H₆]-γ, γ-carotene by a multistep degradation of (4R, 5S, 10S)-[18, 18, 18-²H₃]-didehydroabietane to optically active deuterated β-, ε- and γ-C₁₁-endgroups and subsequent building up according to schemes \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}${\rm C}_{11} \to {\rm C}_{14}^{C_{\mathop {26}\limits_ \to }} \to {\rm C}_{40} $\end{document} and C₁₁ → C₁₄; C₁₄+C₁₂+C₁₄→C₄₀. NMR.- and chiroptical data allow the identification of the geminal methyl groups in all these compounds. The optical activity of all-(E)-[²H₆]-β,β-carotene, which is solely due to the isotopically different substituent not directly attached to the chiral centres, is demonstrated by a significant CD.-effect at low temperature. Therefore, if an enzymatic cyclization of [17, 17, 17, 17′, 17′, 17′-²H₆]lycopine can be achieved, the steric course of the cyclization step would be derivable from NMR.- and CD.-spectra with very small samples of the isolated cyclic carotenes. A general scheme for the possible course of the cyclization steps is presented.     

Enzymatic desymmetrization of 2-amino-2-methyl-1,3-propanediol: asymmetric synthesis of (S)-N-Boc-N,O-isopropylidene-α-methylserinal and (4R)-methyl-4-[2-(thiophen-2-yl)ethyl]oxazolidin-2-one

We report herein, the novel enzymatic desymmetrization of 2-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-2-methyl-1,3-propanediol 1. This method makes it possible to prepare (S)-N-Boc-N,O-isopropylidene-α-methylserinal 3, which is a chiral building block for the synthesis of a variety of α-substituted alanine derivatives. Moreover, optically active (4R)-methyl-4-[2-(thiophen-2-yl)ethyl]oxazolidin-2-one 4, one of the key intermediates in the synthesis of a novel immunosuppressant, has been prepared by this methodology.     

Synthese von optisch aktiven,natürlichen Carotinoiden und strukturell verwandten Naturprodukten. VIII. Synthese von (3S,3′S)-7,8,7′,8′-Tetradehydroastaxanthin und (3S,3′S)-7,8-Didehydroastaxanthin (Asterinsäure)

Synthesis of Optically Active Natural Carotenoids and Structurally Related Compounds. VIII. Synthesis of (3S,3′S)-7,8,7′,8′-Tetradehydroastaxanthin and (3S,3′S)-7,8-Didehydroastaxanthin (Asterinic Acid) The synthesis of all-trans-(3S,3′S)-3,3′-dihydroxy-7,8, 7′,8′-tetradehydro-β, β-carotene-4,4′-dione ( 1 ), of all-trans-(3S,3′S)-3,3′-dihydroxy-7, 8-didehydro-β,β-carotene-4,4′-dione ( 2 ) (asterinic acid = mixture of 1 and 2 ), and of their 9,9′-di-cis- and 9-cis-isomers is reported starting from (4′S)(2E)-5-(4′-hydroxy-2′, 6′,6′-trimethyl-3′-oxo-l′-cyclohexenyl)-3-methyl-2-penten-4-ynal ( 8 ). The absolute configuration (3S,3′S) for both components 1 and 2 of asterinic acid ex Asterias rubens is confirmed on the basis of spectroscopic and direct comparison.     

Phytochemical investigation on Myristica fragrans stem bark

Myristica fragrans Houtt., the source of very important spice ‘nutmeg’ used world over is native to India, Indonesia, Sri Lanka, South Africa and Southeast Asia. Phytochemical investigation of M. fragrans stem bark led to the isolation of bis-aryl dimethyl tetrahydrofuran lignans, such as grandisin [(7S,8S,7′S,8′S)-3,3′,4,4′,5,5′-hexamethoxy-7,7′,8,8′-lignan] and (7S,8S,7′R,8′R)-3,3′,4,4′,5,5′-hexamethoxy-7,7′,8,8′-lignan along with important lignans and neolignans, licarinA, licarin B, odoratisol A, (2S, 3R)-7-methoxy-3-methyl-5-((E)-prop-1-enyl)-2-(5-methoxy,3,4-methylenedioxyphenyl)-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran, elemicin, fragransin B₁, raphidecursinol B, erythro-(7S,8R)-Δ^8′-4,7-dihydroxy-3,5,3′-trimethoxy-8-O-4′-neolignan, erythro-(7S,8R)-Δ⁸′-7-hydroxy-3,4,3′,5′-tetramethoxy-8-O-4′-neolignan, surinamensin.and β-sitosterol. Structures of the 12 compounds isolated were unambiguously identified by various spectroscopic methods. The former two compounds were isolated from M. fragrans for the first time. Furthermore, the X-ray crystal structure of odoratisol A is reported in this paper for the first time.     

Nucleotides. Part XLV. Synthesis of new (2′–5′)adenylate trimers,containing 5′-amino-5′-deoxyadenosine residues at the 5′-end of the oligoadenylate chain,and of its analogues,carrying a 9-[(2-hydroxyethoxy)methyl]adenine residue at the 2′-terminus

The 5′-amino-5′-deoxy-2′,3′-O-isopropylideneadenosine ( 4 ) was obtained in pure form from 2′,3′-O-isopropylideneadenosine ( 1 ), without isolation of intermediates 2 and 3 . The 2-(4-nitrophenyl)ethoxycarbonyl group was used for protection of the NH₂ functions of 4 (→7) . The selective introduction of the palmitoyl (= hexadecanoyl) group into the 5′-N-position of 4 was achieved by its treatment with palmitoyl chloride in MeCN in the presence of Et₃N (→ 5 ). The 3′-O-silyl derivatives 11 and 14 were isolated by column chromatography after treatment of the 2′,3′-O-deprotected compounds 8 and 9 , respectively, with (tert-butyl)dimethylsilyl chloride and 1H-imidazole in pyridine. The corresponding phosphoramidites 16 and 17 were synthesized from nucleosides 11 and 14 , respectively, and (cyanoethoxy)bis(diisopropylamino)phosphane in CH₂Cl₂. The trimeric (2′–5′)-linked adenylates 25 and 26 having the 5′-amino-5′-deoxyadenosine and 5′-deoxy-5′-(palmitoylamino)adenosine residue, respectively, at the 5′-end were prepared by the phosphoramidite method. Similarly, the corresponding 5′-amino derivatives 27 and 28 carrying the 9-[(2-hydroxyethoxy)methyl]adenine residue at the 2′-terminus, were obtained. The newly synthesized compounds were characterized by physical means. The synthesized trimers 25–28 were 3-, 15-, 25-, and 34-fold, respectively, more stable towards phosphodiesterase from Crotalus durissus than the trimer (2′–5′)ApApA.     

C45- and C50-Carotehoids. Part 8. Synthesis of (all-E,2S,2′S)-bacterioruberin, (all-E,2S,2′S)-monoanhydrobacterioruberin, (all-E,2S,2′S)-bisanhydrobacterioruberin, (all- E,2R,2′R)-3,4,3′,4′-tetrahydrobisanhydro- bacterioruberin,and (all-E,S)-2-isopentenyl-3,4-dehydrorhodopin

Starting from (R)-3-hydroxybutyric acid ((R)- 10 ) the C₄₅- and C₅₀-carotenoids (all-E,2S,2′S)-bacterioruberm ( 1 ), (all-E,2S,2′S)-monoanhydrobacterioruberin ( 2 ), (all-E,2S,2′S)-bisanhydrobacterioruberin ( 3 ), (all-E,2R,2′R)-3,4,3′,4′-tetrahydrobisanhydrobacterioruberin ( 5 ), and (all-E,S)-2-isopentenyl-3,4-dehydrorhodopin ( 6 ) were synthesized. By comparison of the chiroptical data of the natural and the synthetic compounds, the (2S)- and (2′S)-configuration of the natural products 1–3 and 6 was established.     

Investigation of the reactions of fluorine containing 3-hydrazino-5H-1, 2, 4-triazino[5, 6-b]indoles with ethyl acetoacetate. Synthesis of some novel tetracyclic ring systems

Novel tetracyclic ring systems viz. 3-methyl-1-oxo-12H-1, 2, 4-triazepino[3′,4′:3, 4][1, 2, 4]triazino[5, 6-b]indole ( 4a ) and 3-methyl-5-oxo-12H-1, 2, 4-triazepino[4′,3′:2, 3][1, 2, 4]triazino[5, 6-b]indole ( 5a ), having angular and linear structures respectively, were synthesized by the cyclization of 3-oxobutanoic acid [5H-1, 2, 4-triazino-[5, 6-b]indole-3-yl]hydrazone ( 3a ). However, cyclization of 3b (R = CH_a, R¹ = R² = H) afforded the angular product 4b exclusively. Moreover, cyclization of 3c (R = R³ = H, R¹ = F) yielded 7-fluoro-1-0xo-10H-1, 3-imidazo[2′,3′:3, 4][1, 2, 4]triazino[5, 6-b]indole ( 6c ) and 7-fluoro-3-oxo-10H-1, 3-imidazo[3′,2′:2, 3][1, 2, 4]triazino-[5, 6-b]indole ( 7c ) instead of the expected triazepinone derivatives. Compound 3d (R = R¹ = H, R² = CF₃) also gave an imidazole derivative but only one angular product was obtained. In all these reactions, formation of the angular product involving cyclization at N-4 is favoured. Characterization of these products have been done by elemental analyses, ir, pmr, ¹⁹F nmr and mass spectral studies.     

Chemical studies of carbohydrates (II) On the mechanism of the conversion of a glucose derivative into a pyridazine compound

The formation of 3-(2′,2′-dimethyl-1′,3′-dioxolan-4′-yl)pyridazine ( 4 ) by reacting 1,2:5,6-di-O-isopropylidene-3-O-(p-tolylsulfonyl)-α-D-glucofuranose ( 1 ) with hydrazine hydrate via the intermediate 3-deoxy-1,2:5,6-di-O-isopropylidene-α-D-erythro-hex-3-enofuranose ( 3 ) is explained by a mechanism, involving an initial attack of the hydrazine molecule at position 4 in compound 3 , a subsequent ring opening by fission of the C₄? O bond and a ring closure by formation of a N? C₁ bond.