Existence and Uniqueness of the Solution of the Non-stationary Boltzmann-Equation for the Electrons in a Collision Dominated Plasma by Means of Operator Semigroups

Based on the semigroup approach a new proof is presented of the existence of a unique solution of the non-stationary Boltzmann-equation for the electron component of a collision dominated plasma. All interactions can be included which yield bounded collision operators. The electric and magnetic fields were permitted to be inhomogeneous in space, and the investigations were performed for a bounded plasma. It has been shown that the Boltzmann-operator is the infinitesimal generator of a strongly continuous operator-semigroup which uniquely determines the nonnegative solution from a given initial function taking into account the given boundary conditions.     

Stationary Waves for the Discrete Boltzmann Equation in the Half Space with Reflective Boundaries

The present paper is concerned with stationary solutions for discrete velocity models of the Boltzmann equation with reflective boundary condition in the first half space. We obtain a sufficient condition that guarantees the existence and the uniqueness of stationary solutions satisfying the reflective boundary condition as well as the spatially asymptotic condition given by a Maxwellian state. First, the sufficient condition is obtained for the linearized system. Then, this result is applied to prove the existence theorem for the nonlinear equation through the contraction mapping principle. Also, it is shown that the stationary solution approaches the asymptotic Maxwellian state exponentially as the spatial variable tends to infinity. Moreover, we show the time asymptotic stability of the stationary solutions. In the proof, we employ the standard energy method to obtain a priori estimates for nonstationary solutions. The exponential convergence at the spatial asymptotic state of the stationary solutions gives essential information to handle some error terms. Then we discuss some concrete models of the Boltzmann type as an application of our general theory. Received: 7 July 1999 / Accepted: 3 November 1999     

The cauchy problem for BBGKY hierarchy of quantum kinetic equations with coulomb potential

The existence of a unique solution, in terms of initial data of the BBGKY hierarchy of quantum kinetic equations with coulomb potential, is proved. This is based on non-relativistic quantum mechanics and utilizing a semigroup method.     

The transfer matrix for a pure phase in the two-dimensional Ising model

The problem of diagonalizing the transfer matrix for the two dimensional Ising model with all boundary spins equal to +1 is solved by use of the spinor method. This provides a simple proof that the spontaneous magnetization is actually given by the well known formula for the long range order with torodial boundary conditions, and this means that the critical temperature is precisely that temperature above which the state is unique and below which it is non unique. An expression for the magnetization at finite distance from the boundary is also given, and a simple derivation of the formula for the surface tension between two coexisting phases is presented. Finally the relation between the degeneracy of the spectrum and the phase transition is discussed.     

Existence of Solutions to the Bethe Ansatz Equations for the 1D Hubbard Model: Finite Lattice and Thermodynamic Limit

In this work, we present a proof of the existence of real and ordered solutions to the generalized Bethe Ansatz equations for the one dimensional Hubbard model on a finite lattice, with periodic boundary conditions. The existence of a continuous set of solutions extending from any U>0 to U=∞ is also shown. We use this continuity property, combined with the proof that the norm of the wavefunction obtained with the generalized Bethe Ansatz is not zero, to prove that the solution gives us the ground state of the finite system, as assumed by Lieb and Wu. Lastly, for the absolute ground state at half-filling, we show that the solution converges to a distribution in the thermodynamic limit. This limit distribution satisfies the integral equations that led to the Lieb-Wu solution of the 1D Hubbard model.     

Uniqueness for the BBGKY hierarchy for hard spheres in one dimension

We prove that the stationary BBGKY hierarchy for an infinite system of hard spheres in one dimension has a unique solution for all densities, within a symmetry class that pertains to either a fluid array or to a perfect crystalline array. The solution is shown to correspond to the uniform fluid, which is the only equilibrium state of the infinite system. The proof is subject to the recursion relation for the correlation functions found by Salsburg, Zwanzig, and Kirkwood, which we show exactly reduces the infinite hierarchy to a pair of coupled equations. A brief discussion is given of the existence of multiple solutions of an approximate BBGKY equation.     

Behavior of solutions of semilinear elliptic equations in domains with complicated boundary

In the paper, boundary value problems in a bounded domain for semilinear elliptic equations are considered. It is claimed that, for small exponent of nonlinearity, the support of a bounded solution is concentrated near the part of the boundary of the domain where the boundary condition is inhomogeneous. Estimates for the size of a neighborhood containing the support of the solution are established. For a supercritical exponent of nonlinearity, the convergence of solutions to a limit solution in the unperforated domain is established for some family of perforated domains. The rate of convergence is polynomial, and it depends on the exponent of the nonlinearity and on the rate at which the sizes of the cavities decrease simultaneously with the growth of the number of cavities and does not depend on the boundary conditions at the boundaries of the cavities. No restrictions on the displacement of the cavities are imposed.     

Rigorous proof for analyticity of the homomorphic cluster coherent potential approximation

We rigorously prove that the homomorphic coherent potential approximation (HCPA) is analytic. Along a way analogous to the proof for the analyticity of the molecular coherent potential approximation by Ducastelle, we show the HCPA always provides a physical solution for the average Green's function which satisfies (i) the reality, (ii) definiteness, (iii) analyticity and (iv) boundary conditions.     

Yang-Mills and Dirac fields in a bag,existence and uniqueness theorems

The Cauchy problem for the Yang-Mills-Dirac system with minimal coupling is studied under the MIT quark bag boundary conditions. An existence and uniqueness theorem for the free Dirac equation is proven under that boundary condition. The existence and uniqueness of the classical time evolution of the Yang-Mills-Dirac system in a bag is shown. To ensure sufficient differentiability of the fields we need additional boundary conditions. In the proof we use the Hodge decomposition of Yang-Mills fields and the theory of non-linear semigroups.Work supported by DFG Grant Schw 485/2-1.Work partially supported by NSERC Research Grant A 8091.     

The first initial-boundary value problem for the space charge stratification equation in semiconductors

The internal and external initial-boundary value problems for 3D equation ?/?t (Δu ? u) ? u = 0 are considered. The problems are posed under the Dirichlet boundary condition on a Lyapunov surface. Using the method of dynamic potentials, the theorems of the unique existence of the solution are proved.     

The Elliptic Sinh-Gordon Equation in the Quarter Plane

We study the elliptic sinh-Gordon equation formulated in the quarter plane by using the so-called Fokas method, which is a signi?cant extension of the inverse scattering transform for the boundary value problems. The method is based on the simultaneous spectral analysis for both parts of the Lax pair and the global algebraic relation that involves all boundary values. In this paper, we address the existence theorem for the elliptic sinh-Gordon equation posed in the quarter plane under the assumption that the boundary values satisfy the global relation. We also present the formal representation of the solution in terms of the unique solution of the matrix Riemann- Hilbert problem de?ned by the spectral functions.     

Asymptotic Stability of the Stationary Solution to the Compressible Navier–Stokes Equations in the Half Space

We investigate the existence and the asymptotic stability of a stationary solution to the initial boundary value problem for the compressible Navier–Stokes equation in a half space. The main concern is to analyze the phenomena that happens when the fluid blows out through the boundary. Thus, it is natural to consider the problem in the Eulerian coordinate. We have obtained the two results for this problem. The first result is concerning the existence of the stationary solution. We present the necessary and sufficient condition which ensures the existence of the stationary solution. Then it is shown that the stationary solution is time asymptotically stable if an initial perturbation is small in the suitable Sobolev space. The second result is proved by using an L²-energy method with the aid of the Poincaré type inequality.The second author's work was supported in part by Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)(2) 14540200 of the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology and the third author's work was supported by JSPS postdoctoral fellowship under P99217.     

Extension of the Marchenko equation to non-hermitian differential systems

The results of Marchenko and Ljance are unified and extended. We prove the existence of a fundamental equation for an l ≠ 0 non-Hermitian system and identify which the scattering data are. However we have included neither threshold energies nor Coulomb interactions. Conventional methods are used to determine which necessary conditions must be imposed upon the scattering data so that they can be used in the inverse problem for definite angular momentum. Indications are given on how to overcome our restrictions for the proof of the existence of the fundamental equation and the analysis of its properties.     

On finite action solutions of the nonlinear σ-model

The instanton and anti-instanton solutions of the two-dimensional O(3) σ-model are special examples of harmonic maps, which have been studied extensively in the mathematical literature. We give an elementary and self-contained proof that these solutions are the only continuous maps for which the action is finite and stationary under variations, without assuming any additional boundary conditions at infinity. An element of the proof is the vanishing of the stress tensor for a finite action solution, which actually holds true for the general O(N) σ-model. For the two-dimensional O(2l + 1) σ-model we exhibit explicit finite action solutions that do not lie in any lower dimensional sphere; the existence of such solutions has been pointed out in the mathematical literature. We also present a rigorous proof, based on Derrick's scaling argument, that there are no nonconstant finite action solutions in more than two dimensions.     

Supplement to the previous application of the first junction condition to a highly symmetric spacetime

Application of the first junction condition to a highly symmetric spacetime was investigated recently in {\it Chin. Phys. Lett.} B {\bf 546} 189 2006, where a partial differential equation arising from the connection of the Robertson--Walker and the Schwarzschild--de Sitter metrics was presented, but no solutions of the equation were provided. Here we provide a proof to the statement that there exist solutions of the equation. In addition, an example of the solution and some analyses associated with this issue are presented. We find that in connecting the two metrics, there are three conditions which should be satisfied. Of these conditions, one condition constrains the place where the two metrics can take the same value for a local system whose mass is provided which marks the boundary of the system, and the other two constrain the transformation form. In realizing the connection of the two metrics, the latter two conditions are required to be satisfied only at the boundary defined by the former condition.     

Joint Extension of States of Subsystems for a CAR System

 The problem of existence and uniqueness of a state of a joint system with given restrictions to subsystems is studied for a Fermion system, where a novel feature is non-commutativity between algebras of subsystems. For an arbitrary (finite or infinite) number of given subsystems, a product state extension is shown to exist if and only if all states of subsystems except at most one are even (with respect to the Fermion number). If the states of all subsystems are pure, then the same condition is shown to be necessary and sufficient for the existence of any joint extension. If the condition holds, the unique product state extension is the only joint extension. For a pair of subsystems, with one of the given subsystem states pure, a necessary and sufficient condition for the existence of a joint extension and the form of all joint extensions (unique for almost all cases) are given. For a pair of subsystems with non-pure subsystem states, some classes of examples of joint extensions are given where non-uniqueness of joint extensions prevails. Received: 17 May 2002 / Accepted: 16 January 2003 Published online: 17 April 2003 Communicated by D. Buchholz and K.Fredenhagen     

For 2-D lattice spin systems weak mixing implies strong mixing

We prove that for finite range discrete spin systems on the two dimensional latticeZ ², the (weak) mixing condition which follows, for instance, from the Dobrushin-Shlosman uniqueness condition for the Gibbs state implies a stronger mixing property of the Gibbs state, similar to the Dobrushin-Shlosman complete analyticity condition, but restricted to all squares in the lattice, or, more generally, to all sets multiple of a large enough square. The key observation leading to the proof is that a change in the boundary conditions cannot propagate either in the bulk, because of the weak mixing condition, or along the boundary because it is one dimensional. As a consequence we obtain for ferromagnetic Ising-type systems proofs that several nice properties hold arbitrarily close to the critical temperature; these properties include the existence of a convergent cluster expansion and uniform boundedness of the logarithmic Sobolev constant and rapid convergence to equilibrium of the associated Glauber dynamics on nice subsets ofZ ², including the full lattice.Work partially supported by grant SC1-CT91-0695 of the Commission of European Communities and by grant DMS 91-00725 of the American NSF.     

Blow-up of Smooth Solutions to the Cauchy Problem for the Viscous Two-Phase Model

In this paper, we will show the blow-up of smooth solutions to the Cauchy problem for the viscous two-phase model in arbitrary dimensions under some restrictions on the initial data. The key of the proof is finding the relations between some physical quantities and establishing some inequalities.     

The Principle of Covariance and the Hamiltonian Formulation of General Relativity

The implications of the general covariance principle for the establishment of a Hamiltonian variational formulation of classical General Relativity are addressed. The analysis is performed in the framework of the Einstein-Hilbert variational theory. Preliminarily, customary Lagrangian variational principles are reviewed, pointing out the existence of a novel variational formulation in which the class of variations remains unconstrained. As a second step, the conditions of validity of the non-manifestly covariant ADM variational theory are questioned. The main result concerns the proof of its intrinsic non-Hamiltonian character and the failure of this approach in providing a symplectic structure of space-time. In contrast, it is demonstrated that a solution reconciling the physical requirements of covariance and manifest covariance of variational theory with the existence of a classical Hamiltonian structure for the gravitational field can be reached in the framework of synchronous variational principles. Both path-integral and volume-integral realizations of the Hamilton variational principle are explicitly determined and the corresponding physical interpretations are pointed out.     

Application of Padé via Lanczos approximations for efficient multifrequency solution of Helmholtz problems

This paper addresses the efficient solution of acoustic problems in which the primary interest is obtaining the solution only on restricted portions of the domain but over a wide range of frequencies. The exterior acoustics boundary value problem is approximated using the finite element method in combination with the Dirichlet-to-Neumann (DtN) map. The restriction domain problem is formally posed in transfer function form based on the finite element solution. In order to obtain the solution over a range of frequencies, a matrix-valued Padé approximation of the transfer function is employed, using a two-sided block Lanczos algorithm. This approach provides a stable and efficient representation of the Padé approximation. In order to apply the algorithm, it is necessary to reformulate the transfer function due to the frequency dependency in the nonreflecting boundary condition. This is illustrated for the case of the DtN boundary condition, but there is no restriction on the approach which can also be applied to other radiation boundary conditions. Numerical tests confirm that the approach offers significant computational speed-up.