Raw Material-Polymer Interrelationships — Today and Tomorrow

Against the background of increasing demand and limited availability of fossil, non-regenerative fuel reserves and resources, ways are indicated of ensuring future supplies of raw materials and energy. The ambivalence of petroleum, natural gas, and coal in the energy and chemical sectors is demonstrated and opportunities for the gradual separation of their dual function are indicated. Taking into account the time factor, the necessary restructuring processes are analyzed critically with respect to their impact on the raw material–polymer relationship.     

Chemistry for the Future—State of the Art and Perspectives

A particularly close relationship exists between chemistry, the science of the transformation of matter, and developments in human living conditions. Though little more than 150 years old, chemical technology has had a greater influence on our civilization than any other technological discipline. Its roots lie not in the crafts, but in scientific research. Relationships derived from the laws of nature were taken as a basis for the systematic solution of practical problems. It is to this strategy that chemistry owes its success. New opportunities arise from new discoveries. These result from basic research at universities, research institutes, and industrial laboratories. Applied research in turn transforms the discoveries into innovative solutions to problems on an industrial scale. The objectives of applied research are oriented toward the marketplace and to the needs of mankind. Our knowledge of scientific interrelationships has been growing with unabated vigor for decades, but so too has our insight into the enormous complexity of the material world. Many of the problems that civilization faces result from the fact that our knowledge is still inadequate. Intensive research and development offer the only hope for progress. Scientists must of course act responsibly with the knowledge they acquire, and they must provide the information necessary to establish public confidence in their methods and products. This is the prerequisite for broad acceptance of technological progress, and given the extent of the world's population no alternative to progress exists. The shape of that progress is also subject to influences outside the realm of science, however, including social norms and political activities. A country that is not rich in raw materials, like the Federal Republic of Germany, must pay particular attention to these factors as well if it is to maintain its innovative strength.     

聚合物太阳能电池给体材料研究进展

随着能源和环境问题日益严重,人们日益关注于太阳能的开发和应用。同时,无机太阳能电池因其自身原因而受到限制,聚合物太阳能电池受到更多的关注。在聚合物基的太阳能电池中,给体材料制约着电池效率的提高,其中材料的带隙和能级是影响其性能的主要因素。而通过研究和选取具有合适带隙和能级的给体材料可以有效地调节电池器件的效率。本文介绍了太阳能电池给体材料的设计原则与主要影响因素,并叙述了近年来该领域内的研究进展和以及发展前景。     

储能薄膜电容器介电高分子材料

高功率密度、高充放电效率以及超长使用寿命等特点是聚合物薄膜电容器能够广泛应用于电动汽车、智能电网等各类电子电气领域中的重要原因。其中,介电高分子材料因其质轻、击穿强度高、易大规模加工等优点赋予了薄膜电容器更多的可能性。但同时,介电高分子的介电常数普遍较低,导致所制备的电容器能量密度偏低因而不能更好地适应设备小型化轻型化的要求。本文概述了电介质以及薄膜电容器的基本原理以及性能参数,着重介绍了以储能为主要研究方向的介电高分子材料,主要包括聚合物基纳米复合介电高分子、偶极玻璃聚合物、交联型介电高分子以及多组分全有机介电高分子。最后对介电高分子在制备性能优异的储能电容器过程中面临的多重挑战和潜在机遇进行了总结。     

储能材料的模拟与设计

综述了近年来常用的计算模拟方法, 如第一原理计算, 分子动力学和蒙特-卡罗模拟. 介绍了应用这些方法在锂离子电池材料和储氢材料等储能材料研究中取得的成果和最新的进展, 展望了计算材料学和材料设计学在该领域中的应用前景.     

限域化学：碳基功能材料从基础研究到应用

限域化学研究的是对象在纳米尺度限域空间内的化学行为。限域空间内的化学环境不同于常规本体溶液,因而会出现许多奇特的现象,如反应选择性增强、活性增加、稳定性提高。本文结合笔者课题组近年来的工作,对限域化学领域碳基功能材料的限域策略,包括限域界面诱导、限域化学组装印刷及三维多孔受限体系作简要介绍,并阐述了其在催化、储能方面的应用。最后提出了限域化学未来发展面临的主要挑战,期望能为此领域研究提供参考。     

高分子研究方法课程的教学改进研究*

对于高分子材料与工程专业的本科生来说,“高分子研究方法”是一门应用性极强的基础课程。此课程内容涉及的知识点繁多,教师在授课时若平铺直叙,将影响教学效果。结合高分子专业的学科特点和吉林大学此专业的历史,对教学内容、教学方式和考核方式等进行调整,将德育培养和专业教学相结合,理论知识和实践应用相结合,从而有效提高了该门课程的教学效果。     

能量最低原理在高分子化学教学中的应用探索

能量最低原理是自然界最普遍的规律之一,高分子化学中的许多现象都可以用它来加以解释。本文从聚合反应方向、自由基稳定性、聚合中的重排反应等几个方面阐述了能量最低原理在高分子化学中的具体体现,对用能量最低原理来解释高分子化学反应的规律和现象进行了初步探索。实践证明,在高分子化学教学中应用能量最低原理来讲解一些问题,会起到事半...     

小实验大道理 ——从热缩片小制品DIY看高分子材料的熵致形变

A little experiment concerning the pyrocondensation materials was introduced in this paper. The aim was to help the public understand the principles of entropy induced deformation of polymer materials.     

共轭聚合物发光和光伏材料研究进展

聚合物光电功能材料与器件因其广阔的应用前景,1990年以年来吸引了世界各国学术界的广泛关注和兴趣.聚合物光电子器件主要包括聚合物电致发光二极管、聚合物场效应晶体管和聚合物太阳能电池等,其使用的关键材料是共轭聚合物光电子材料,包括共轭聚合物发光材料、场效应晶体管材料和光伏材料等.本文主要对共轭聚合物电致发光材料和光伏材料的研究进展进行综述,介绍了这些聚合物材料的种类、结构和性质以及在聚合物电致发光器件和聚合物太阳能电池中的应用.并讨论了当前共轭聚合物光电子材料中的关键科学问题和今后的发展方向.     

高等学校化学类专业物理化学相关教学内容与教学要求建议(2020版)

The revision of "Suggestions for Teaching Contents and Requirements of Physical Chemistry Course for Chemistry Majors (2020 Edition)" is introduced. The way to use this suggestion is explained. Based on the ideas of student-centeredness and outcome-based education, the overall objectives of physical chemistry teaching and the knowledge, ability and quality objectives of each part are defined. It is of guiding significance for the teaching research, teaching reform, textbook composition and evaluation of teaching effectiveness of physical chemistry course in our country at present and in the future.     

含杯芳烃的高分子功能材料的研究与应用*

作为第三代超分子大环化合物的代表,杯芳烃具有特殊的分子识别能力和独特的结构易修性,将杯芳烃掺杂或键合于高分子材料中,可得到各种具有分子识别功能的高分子材料。本文综述了含杯芳烃的高人子材料在化学传感器,色谱及传输分离等方面的研究和应用。     

钠离子储能电池关键材料

钠离子电池是一种新型电化学电源,具有原材料资源丰富、成本较低、比容量和效率较高等优点,较为符合规模化储能应用要求,在提升大规模可再生能源并网接入能力、提高电能使用效率和电能质量方面具有应用潜力。在这一背景下,钠离子电池近年来引起全世界范围内的广泛关注,关键材料和相关技术研究进展迅速。本文从钠离子电池的负极材料和正极材料两方面对近年来的主要研究工作进行综述,同时简略介绍了与之匹配的电解质体系的研究进展,讨论了当前面临的主要技术关键点和难点,并尝试对我国科研和产业工作者在该领域的研究工作提出一些建议。     

高等学校化学类专业物理化学相关教学内容与教学要求建议

论述了物理化学教学在化学类专业人才培养中的重要地位,说明了制订物理化学教学内容和教学要求建议的必要性和制订的依据,阐述了该建议的使用原则。基于产出导向的理念,从知识、能力和素质三个方面明确了化学类专业物理化学理论相关教学的基本内容和要求。对当前我国物理化学教学研究、教学建设、教材建设和教学效果评价具有一定的指导作用。     

二次锂电池聚合物正极材料研究进展

近几十年,二次锂电池作为重要的储能装置得到迅猛发展,而开发高性能的锂电池电极材料一直是电化学能源领域的研究热点之一。与传统无机正极材料相比,聚合物正极材料具有比容量高、柔软性好、廉价易得、环境友好、加工方便、可设计性强等诸多优点。本文综述了导电聚合物、共轭羰基聚合物以及含硫聚合物正极材料的结构特点、电极反应机理、电化学性能和近五年来的重大研究进展,总结了这三类聚合物电极材料的优缺点,并重点介绍了含硫聚合物电极材料中存在的问题及改进手段,最后提出了综合这三类聚合物优点的含硫共轭导电聚合物将会是该领域的研究方向。     

Novel Two‐Dimensional Porous Materials for Electrochemical Energy Storage: A Minireview

Two dimensional (2D) porous materials have great potential in electrochemical energy conversion and storage. Over the past five years, our research group has focused on Simple, Mass, Homogeneous and Repeatable Synthesis of various 2D porous materials and their applications for electrochemical energy storage especially for supercapacitors (SCs). During the experimental process, through precisely controlling the experimental parameters, such as reaction species, molar ratio of different ions, concentration, pH value of reaction solution, heating temperature, and reaction time, we have successfully achieved the control of crystal structure, composition, crystallinity, morphology, and size of these 2D porous materials including transition metal oxides (TMOs), transition metal hydroxides (TMHOs), transition metal oxalates (TMOXs), transition metal coordination complexes (TMCCs) and carbon materials, as well as their derivatives and composites. We have also named some of them with CQU‐Chen (CQU is the initialism of Chongqing University, Chen is the last name of Lingyun Chen), such as CQU‐Chen‐Co?O‐1, CQU‐Chen‐Ni?O?H‐1, CQU‐Chen‐Zn?Co?O‐1, CQU‐Chen‐Zn?Co?O‐2, CQU‐Chen‐OA?Co‐2‐1, CQU‐Chen‐Co?OA‐1, CQU‐Chen‐Ni?OA‐1, CQU‐Chen‐Gly?Co‐3‐1, CQU‐Chen‐Gly?Ni‐2‐1, CQU‐Chen‐Gly?Co?Ni‐1, etc. The introduction of 2D porous materials as electrode materials for SCs improves the energy storage performances. These materials provide a large number of active sites for ion adsorption, supply plentiful channels for fast ion transport and boost electrical conductivity and facilitate electron transportation and ion penetration. The unique 2D porous structures review is mainly devoted to the introduction of our contribution in the 2D porous nanostructured materials for SC. Finally, the further directions about the preparation of 2D porous materials and electrochemical energy conversion and storage applications are also included.     

2D MXenes Nanosheets for Advanced Energy Conversion and Storage Devices: Recent Advances and Future Prospects

Since the initial MXenes were discovered in 2011, several MXene compositions constructed using combinations of various transition metals have been developed. MXenes are ideal candidates for different applications in energy conversion and storage, because of their unique and interesting characteristics, which included good electrical conductivity, hydrophilicity, and simplicity of large-scale synthesis. Herein, we study the current developments in two-dimensional (2D) MXene nanosheets for energy storage and conversion technologies. First, we discuss the introduction to energy storage and conversion devices. Later, we emphasized on 2D MXenes and some specific properties of MXenes. Subsequently, research advances in MXene-based electrode materials for energy storage such as supercapacitors and rechargeable batteries is summarized. We provide the relevant energy storage processes, common challenges, and potential approaches to an acceptable solution for 2D MXene-based energy storage. In addition, recent advances for MXenes used in energy conversion devices like solar cells, fuel cells and catalysis is also summarized. Finally, the future prospective of growing MXene-based energy conversion and storage are highlighted.     

聚合物场效应晶体管材料及其器件

导电聚合物因为可以大面积成膜、器件制作工艺简单,近年来在有机场效应晶体管的研究中受到越来越多的关注。有的聚合物场效应晶体管其性能已经可以和无定型硅晶体管相比拟。本文回顾了聚合物场效应晶体管的发展历程,概述了聚合物场效应晶体管的材料、器件制作、性能及工作机理。同时,对聚合物场效应晶体管的发展前景和目前存在的问题作了简单的总结。