Accurate Interaction Energies of CO2 with the 20 Naturally Occurring Amino Acids

We have performed a series of highly accurate calculations between CO₂ and the 20 naturally occurring amino acids for the investigation of the attractive noncovalent interactions. Different nucleophilic groups present in the amino acid structures were considered (α-NH₂, COOH, side groups), and the stronger binding sites were identified. A database of accurate reference interactions energies was compiled as computed by explicitly-correlated coupled-cluster singles-and-doubles, together with perturbative triples extrapolated to the complete-basis-set limit. The CCSD(F12)(T)/CBS reference values were used for comparing a variety of popular density functionals with different basis sets. Our results show that most density functionals with the triple-zeta basis set def2-TZVPP align with the CCSD(F12)(T)/CBS reference values, but errors range from 0.1 kcal/mol up to 1.0 kcal/mol.     

Total Synthesis of Vancomycin Aglycon—Part 1: Synthesis of Amino Acids 4–7 and Construction of the AB-COD Ring Skeleton

A triazene-based synthetic strategy for the construction of the complex biaryl ethers and a Suzuki coupling reaction were the key steps in the synthesis of precursor 1 of the aglycon of vancomycin, which already contains the complete skeleton of the target compound. The cleavage of the triazene unit from the D ring and the removal of the other protecting groups led to the aglycon of vancomycin. These strategies should be particularly valuable for the synthesis of other naturally occurring glycopeptide antibiotics and offer opportunities for the synthesis of combinatorial libraries of compounds of the vancomycin family for chemical biology studies.     

Total Synthesis of Vancomycin Aglycon—Part 2: Synthesis of Amino Acids 1–3 and Construction of the AB-COD-DOE Ring Skeleton

A triazene-based synthetic strategy for the construction of the complex biaryl ethers and a Suzuki coupling reaction were the key steps in the synthesis of precursor 1 of the aglycon of vancomycin, which already contains the complete skeleton of the target compound. The cleavage of the triazene unit from the D ring and the removal of the other protecting groups led to the aglycon of vancomycin. These strategies should be particularly valuable for the synthesis of other naturally occurring glycopeptide antibiotics and offer opportunities for the synthesis of combinatorial libraries of compounds of the vancomycin family for chemical biology studies.     

Bryophytes,a Source of Biologically Active,Naturally Occurring Material?

Chemical studies of the plant category of mosses (bryophytes) were neglected for a long time. They have now been shown to be a storehouse of naturally occurring materials, including some with novel chemical structures. Many of these materials display considerable biological activity. Investigations are hampered frequently by too small amounts of plant material. The resulting low yields of components are then generally inadequate to permit testing for biological activity. In vitro culture and appropriate chemical synthesis on a preparative scale are being undertaken to overcome this difficulty.     

Induction of Asymmetry by Amino Acids

Since the stereoisomers of molecules with one or more asymmetric centers often exhibit different biological activities (e.g. thalidomide, pheromones), stereoselective synthesis as a method of preparative chemistry is rapidly attaining importance. Of the numerous drugs prepared by total synthesis that contain at least one asymmetric center, only about 20% have so far been used in sterically pure form. Amino acids constitute the greatest “chiral pool” of compounds whose enantiomers can be obtained commercially in large amounts; they are gradually being used more and more frequently as auxiliary agents or educts in asymmetric syntheses.     

稻麦中FAO模式必需氨基酸与限制氨基酸比值的研究

本文主要介绍稻麦中按FAO模式比必需氨基酸总量与赖氨酸、苏氨酸含量之间比值的推导过程,并获得其比值分别为6.55和9.00。根据比值可推算样品中按模式比的必需氨基酸总量及赖氨酸含量的最佳理论公式。最后还介绍了上述公式的应用举例。该研究内容不仅为提高稻麦中蛋白质的利用率提供理论依据,而且还为强化食品和饲料的营养研究提供简便的计算方法。     

大亚湾沉积物中氨基酸的垂直分布——沉积物柱样W0中的水解氨基酸

测定了采自大亚湾近岸海域的一个长60cm的沉积物柱样W0中15种水解氨基酸的含量；结果表明，15种水解氨基酸含量均随深度而下降，其中苏氨酸、丝氨酸、甘氨酸、丙氨酸、精氨酸、缬氨酸、苯丙氨酸、亮氨酸、异亮氨酸的含量以及水解氨基酸总量随深度的变化可用指数方程c＝c0e^-kx加以描述；天冬氨酸、谷氨酸、丝氨酸、甘氨酸、丙氨酸和缬氨酸是大亚湾沉积物中最丰富的氨基酸。     

The Biosynthesis of Aromatic Amino Acids and its Regulation

Microorganisms synthesize the aromatic amino acids phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan, as well as the related compounds p-aminobenzoic acid, tetrahydrofolic acid, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, ubiquinone, vitamin K, and nicotinic acid, by a highly branched route passing through shikimic acid. The biosynthesis is not regulated in the same way in all the organisms studied. The regulation is strongly dependent on the ability of the enzymes involved to be resolved into isozymes, their ability to be inhibited, and their activation, repression, and induction.     

A Highly Practical Method for Monobenzylation of Amino Acids

Amino acids are cleanly monobenzylated at ambient temperature using benzyl chloride in water containing potassium carbonate.     

一种新型主客体荧光探针对人体氨基酸的识别研究

本文研究了环戊基全取代六元瓜环(CyP₆Q[6])与2-(β-吡啶)-1H-咪唑[4,5-f][1,10]菲咯啉盐酸盐(即Ar-IPHS)的主客体相互作用,并利用CyP₆Q[6]可使Ar-IPHS产生强烈荧光的性质制备了Ar-IPHS@CyP₆Q[6]荧光探针用以识别氨基酸。结果表明,探针可高效识别甘氨酸、赖氨酸、甲硫氨酸,检出限分别为2.27×10^-6、1.359×10^-5和1.690×10^-5mol/L。     

Separation of Different Enantiomeric Amino Acids by Capillary Array Electrophoresis

Abstract

Enantiomers of alanine, methionine, tryptophan, serine, threonine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, and glutamic acid are sampled respectively in different channel of a new capillary array electrophoresis with rotary fluorescence scanner that was built by ourselves and separation conditions for these respective enantiomers are screened with different types and concentrations of additives to the separation buffer. The experimental results indicate that 2.5 mM β‐cyclodextrin additives are preferred for the respective separation of the eight kinds of amino acids.     

大亚湾沉积物中氨基酸的垂直分布棗沉积物柱样W0中的游离氨基酸

用邻苯二甲醛（OPA）－3－巯基丙酸（3－MPA）柱前衍生高效液相色谱法测定了采自大亚湾近岸海域的一个长60cm的沉积物柱样W0中15种游离氨基酸（FAA）的含量，结果表明，W0中FAA总量在0．83－2．69mmol/kg之间，15种FAA以及FAA总量均随深度而以指数曲线降低，对氨基酸组成的分析表明，天冬氨酸，甘氨酸，组氨酸和苯丙氨酸的摩尔分数随深度而上升，苏氨酸，精氨酸，缬氨酸和异亮氨酸的摩尔分数随浓度而下降，其他氨基酸的摩尔分数随深度无显著变化，甘氨酸，丙氨酸，天冬氨酸，谷氨酸，丝氨酸是W0中含量最丰富的氨基酸，其摩尔数依次为28．1％，16．0％，14．7％，10．6％和7．2％。     

New Approaches to the Use of Amino Acids as Chiral Building Blocks in Organic Synthesis [New Synthetic Methods (85)]

α-Amino acids protected at nitrogen in quite different ways can be transformed without racemization into the corresponding α-amino aldehydes. Provided one chooses the right protecting groups (e.g., two benzyl residues on nitrogen) it is possible for the first time to carry out Grignard-like, aldol, and Me₃SiCN additions, and hetero-Diels–Alder reactions with a high degree of nonchelation control. If the reactions of classical carbanions turn out to be nonselective, transmetalation, for example into organotitanium reagents, constitutes an important tool in controlling stereoselectivity. Diastereoselectivity can be reversed by specific variation of the protecting group and reagent. “Protecting-group tuning”, “metal tuning”, and “ligand tuning” are very useful in reactions of α-amino aldimines as well. The α-amino aldehydes can also be converted by Wittig reactions into electron-poor γ-amino olefins, which in turn undergo stereoselective cuprate, Michael, and cycloadditions.     

Concise synthesis of both diastereomers of 3-hydroxy-l-arginine

The hydroxylated amino acid 3-hydroxy-l-arginine is an intermediate in the biosynthesis of the non-proteinogenic amino acid capreomycidine and possibly also of its epimer epicapreomycidine. The novel concise synthesis of 3-hydroxy-l-arginine presented here allows the efficient preparation of both 3-epimers of this β-hydroxy amino acid. It also offers the potential to obtain suitably isotope-labelled derivatives for the elucidation of epicapreomycidine assembly in the biosynthesis of complex natural products.     

胶束电动毛细管色谱分离氨基酸和磷酸化氨基酸

本文报道了胶束电动毛细管色谱分离、汞灯诱导荧光电荷耦合器件检测分析氨基酸和磷酸化氨基酸的 4-氟 - 7-硝基苯 - 2 - 口恶 - 1 ,3-丫唑衍生物。研究表明 ,在 p H9.35的 1 0 mmol/L硼砂和 1 0 mmol/L十二烷基硫酸钠的电泳缓冲介质中 ,5种氨基酸和 3种磷酸化氨基酸在 1 0 min内完全分离 ,检测灵敏度为 1 .2 1× 1 0 - 8～ 5 .2 1×1 0 - 8mol/L ,分离效率达 7.3× 1 0 5～ 3.0× 1 0 5/m理论塔板数 ,结果令人满意     

分光光度法研究氨基酸与四氯苯醌形成的荷移配合物

本文用分光光度法研究了5种氨基酸与四氯苯醌形成的荷移配合物.通过对影响配合物形成因素的研究,确立了以四氯苯醌形成荷移配合物的方法测定氨基酸的最佳反应条件,测定了反应平衡常数.讨论了配合物的组成.     

高效液相色谱-质谱-质谱法测定脑组织中氨基酸类神经递质

建立测定大鼠脑海马组织中氨基酸类神经递质的高效液相色谱-质谱-质谱(LC-MS-MS) 分析方法。海马组织匀浆后, 匀浆液经盐酸正丁醇衍生化反应形成氨基酸丁酯, 利用LC-MS-MS测定γ_氨基丁酸(GABA)、天冬氨酸(Asp)、谷氨酸(Glu)的含量。GABA及Asp 在0.1~ 0.8μmol·mL- 1, Glu 在0.4~ 1.2μmol·mL-1 浓度范围内线性关系良好。GABA、Asp、Glu的回收率分别为95%、112%、109%。本法具有特异性高、灵敏度好、测定快速等优点, 适用于海马组织中的氨基酸类神经递质的测定。     

柱前衍生-反相高效液相色谱法测定氨基酸

向氨基酸溶液中加入对甲氧基苯磺酰氯(MOBS-Cl)试剂,在55℃水浴中加热35min使氨基酸衍生化,所得含有氨基酸衍生物的溶液用于反相高效液相色谱分析。选用ODS C_(18)柱(4.6mm×150mm,5.0μm)为固定相,以不同体积比的15mmol·L~(-1)磷酸二氢钠溶液和乙腈为流动相进行梯度淋洗,以235nm作为检测波长,提出了测定氨基酸的柱前衍生-反相高效液相色谱法。17种氨基酸衍生物的峰面积与其浓度均在0.01～5.0mmol·L~(-1)范围内呈线性关系,检出限(3S/N)在0.0010～0.0050mmol·L~(-1)之间。取5.0,25.0,50.0g·L~(-1)氨基酸标准溶液从衍生化操作开始分别重复测定5次,根据所测得峰面积值计算其相对标准偏差均小于5.0%。     

氨基酸在甲醇—水混合溶剂中的气液平衡

采用改进的Ｒｏｓｅ釜测定了在３３３Ｋ和３３８Ｋ下，氨基乙酸、ＤＬ－氨基丙酸及Ｌ－氨基异戊酸在甲醇－水混合溶剂中的气液平衡数据。实验结果表明，当甲醇－水混合溶剂的相对组成固定时，体系的平衡压力与加入的氨基酸的浓度间存在线性关系，使已建立的含盐混合溶剂的“广义线性定理”进一步扩展到含有非挥发性物质的混合溶剂中。用热力学原理导出了线性方程的数学解析式；讨论了引入氨基酸对混合溶剂结构及性质的影响规律。