用射线踪迹法解黑表面矩形介质耦合换热

本文用射线踪迹-节点分析法研究了二维黑体表面矩形、各向同性散射半透明介质内辐射与导热瞬态耦合换热。采用全隐格式的有限差分法离散二维瞬态微分能量方程,用辐射传递系数来表示辐射源项,结合谱带模型并采用射线踪迹法求解辐射传递系数。采用Patankar线性化方法将辐射源项及不透明边界条件线性化,并采用附加源项法处理边界条件,运用ADI方法求解名以上的线性化方程组,从而解得二维矩形介质内的瞬态温度分布。     

定热流加热管湍流入口段的耦合热流分析

对圆管内物性随温度变化的吸收-各向同性散射介质的湍流入口段,数值研究了定热流加热下辐射与湍流正在发展流耦合换热的稳态热流特征．采用低雷诺数k-ε模型与SIMPLEC算法求解湍流流动与对流换热,采用蒙特卡罗法求解辐射换热;根据耦合换热温度场,采用等权抽样的蒙特卡罗法计算辐射热流。通过模拟计算,给出了介质内的耦合换热辐射热流与导热热流分布。通过分析介质光学厚度、散射反照率、壁面黑度对热流的影响,得出一些有价值的结论．     

气动加热下高温陶瓷材料的表观辐射特性

建立了气动加热下高温陶瓷材料表面的辐射模型,采用控制容积法结合蒙特卡罗法模拟了不同条件下材料的温度分布与表观发射率、在分析等温条件下光学厚度、散射反照率、基底发射率和折射率对表观发射影响的基础上,考察了气动热流和散射反照率对材料内温度场与表观发射率的影响.结果表明,随着气动加热热流和散射反照率的增加,高温陶瓷材料内温度升高,表现发射率减小.     

表面不透明三层漫反射散射性介质耦合换热

本文采用射线踪迹、节点分析法研究了三层吸收、各向同性散射性介质层内的一维辐射和导热瞬态耦合换热,复合层表面不透明漫反射,介质层交界面半透明漫反射,且半透明漫反射交界面的反射率采用Fresnel反射定律确定。采用一层和二层辐射能量传递模型跟踪辐射能量在三层介质内的传递,从而推导出辐射传递系数。运用辐射传递系数求解辐射源项,在辐射对流边界条件下、采用全隐格式求解瞬态能量方程,并从机理上研究了辐射和导热耦合换热过程。     

管内高温介质层流入口段中的热辐射作用

数值研究了高温介质密度随温度变化时,管内层流入口段耦合换热中的热辐射作用。采用离散坐标法、控制容积法耦合求解辐射传递方程、能量方程及N-S方程。考察了中等大小光学厚度下,热辐射作用对介质内速度分布、温度分布以及换热的影响。结果表明,即使在不大的光学厚度下,热辐射作用对管内高温介质层流入口段耦合换热的速度场与换热强度都有明显影响。     

散射性介质瞬态矢量辐射传输的蒙特卡洛模拟

瞬态效应和偏振特性对于短脉冲激光在散射性介质中的传输有重要影响。本文采用蒙特卡洛法来求解一维散射性介质内的瞬态偏振辐射传输问题。采用拒绝法确定光束的散射方向。定义了瞬态矢量辐射传输矩阵(TVRTM)来描述瞬态偏振辐射的传输特性,并以此得到了Stokes矢量的角度与时间分布。在蒙特卡洛模型中采用时间平移和叠加原理,可大幅度提高计算精度和计算效率。     

方腔散射辐射与自然对流耦合传热的数值模拟

本文在自主软件GTEA基础上,针对封闭方腔内参与性介质的辐射与自然对流耦合换热进行模拟,计算结果与文献中经典算例结果吻合较好。并分析了普朗克数和介质散射反照率的变化对方腔内温度和速度的影响,结果表明:随着普朗克数的减小,增强了辐射换热的影响;考虑各向同性散射介质时,随着散射反照率的减小,中心处的温度有所增大,靠近绝热壁面处,速度U的变化更剧烈。     

粒化仓中高温渣粒流动换热特性的数值模拟

针对离心粒化后的高温熔渣颗粒在粒化仓中的流动换热过程,本文采用离散相模型及DO辐射模型对粒化仓内的气固两相流动和换热进行了二维瞬态数值模拟。主要研究了不同渣粒流量、渣粒直径及风速下粒化仓内温度分布规律和气固换热效果。结果表明:粒化仓中空气温度沿径向方向逐渐升高,颗粒与壁面碰撞区域为空气温度最大区域;颗粒的换热主要以辐射换热为主;减小颗粒直径是强化换热最有效的手段。     

任意入射辐射条件下介质特性对瞬态辐射传递的影响

用基于Monte Carlo法的DRESOR法在平行平板系统内具有吸收、无发射介质中研究不同波形入射、壁面反射、介质散射率、光学厚度、各向异性散射等条件对瞬态辐射传递的影响.任意连续波形入射辐射是目前大多数数值方法很难处理的瞬态辐射问题,而DRESOR法通过在系统内计算一单位入射辐射能对介质的DRESOR数分布,就能计算任意连续波形入射辐射条件下高方向分辨率的瞬态辐射强度结果.DRESOR法和Monte Carlo法计算的结果进行了比较验证,两者吻合较好,证明了DRESOR法处理瞬态入射辐射问题的正确性和有效性.     

千瓦级掺Yb3+双包层光纤激光器的热分析

针对千瓦级Yb3+光纤激光器的特殊结构,在同时考虑光纤表面的对流换热和辐射换热条件下建立了热传递模型和一维稳态传热方程.结合该稳态传热方程和光纤激光器的速率方程,数值模拟了正向泵浦1 000 W和双端泵浦两端各500 W的条件下沿光纤纵向和径向的温度分布.计算结果表明,双端泵浦的温度分布比正向泵浦的均匀,且光纤中的最高温度比正向泵浦时下降了135.9℃.将考虑辐射换热时光纤的温度分布和忽略辐射换热时的结果进行对比,后者的温度比前者高得多,表明辐射换热是光纤激光器非常重要的换热方式.最后,分析了双端泵浦以及光纤长度不变的条件下纤芯半径、包层半径以及表面传热系数对光纤内温度分布的影响.结果表明纤芯半径不会影响光纤表面温度,而加大表面传热系数以及增大包层半径可以有效地降低光纤表面及内部温度.     

Non-Fourier heat conduction with radiation in an absorbing, emitting, and isotropically scattering medium

This article numerically analyses the combined conductive and radiative heat transfer in an absorbing, emitting, and isotropically scattering medium. The non-Fourier heat conduction equation, which includes the time lag between heat flux and the temperature gradient, is used to model the conductive heat transfer in the medium. It predicts that a temperature disturbance will propagate as a wave at finite speed. The radiative heat transfer is solved using the P₃ approximation method. In addition, the MacCormack's explicit predictor-corrector scheme is used to solve the non-Fourier problem. The effects of radiation including single scattering albedo, conduction-to-radiation parameter, and optical thickness of the medium on the transient and steady state temperature distributions are investigated in detail. Analysis results indicate that the internal radiation in the medium significantly influences the wave nature. The thermal wave nature in the combined non-Fourier heat conduction with radiation is more obvious for large values of conduction-to-radiation parameter, small values of optical thickness and higher scattering medium. The results from non-Fourier-effect equation are also compared to those obtained from the Fourier equation. Non-Fourier effect becomes insignificant as either time increases or the effect of radiation increases.     

Thermal analysis for transient radiative cooling of a conducting semitransparent layer of ceramic in high-temperature applications

A method is developed for obtaining transient temperature distribution in a cooling semitransparent layer of ceramic. The layer is emitting, absorbing, isotropically scattering and heat conducting with a refractive index ranging from 1 to 2. The solution involves solving simultaneously the energy equation and the integral equation for the radiative flux gradient. The energy equation is solved using an implicit finite volume scheme and the integral equation of radiative heat transfer is solved using the singularity technique and Gaussian integration. The effects of scattering are investigated. It is shown that scattering has a significant effect on the transient temperature distribution and the transient mean temperature of the layer.     

DRESOR法对瞬态辐射传递问题的研究

用基于蒙特卡洛法(Monte Carlo Method,MCM)的DRESOR法(Distributions of Ratios of Energy Scattered by the medium Or Reflected by the boundary surface)求解入射辐射经过介质散射、壁面反射传递后辐射强度随时间变化的瞬态辐射传递方程(Transient RadiativeTransfer Equation,TRTE)问题。通过在系统内计算一单位瞬态入射辐射对介质的DRESOR数分布,就能计算任意时间内入射辐射在系统内时间响应特性,这样有效提高数值方法处理瞬态辐射问题的通用性。并且能够获得高方向分辨率的辐射强度随时间变化的结果,这是目前大多数数值处理方法比较难做到的,显示出了DRESOR法处理瞬态入射辐射问题的能力．     

Temperature response in participating media with anisotropic scattering caused by pulsed lasers

It is not by isotropic scattering but by anisotropic scattering that radiant energy is redistributed in some materials containing real particles, fibers, or impurities. In some instances, great difference can be caused in transient thermal behavior between isotropic scattering and anisotropic scattering media. Ray tracing method combined with Hottel's zonal method is introduced to deduce thermal radiative source term for various optical boundary conditions induced by collimated incidence passing through translucent boundary. Temperature response caused by laser pulse at non-incident side of participating and anisotropic scattering media is examined. We investigate effects of scattering albedo, scattering phase function, initial temperature of media and thickness of media on temperature response. Results obtained for anisotropic scattering media are compared with those for isotropic scattering one and show that anisotropic scattering must be considered in the simulating measurement of thermophysical properties by the laser flash method for some materials with big scattering albedo which behave anisotropically, or big error will be introduced; forward scattering can increase excess temperature and backward scattering can decrease it at non-incident side of the considered sample irradiated by laser pulse.     

漫反射各向异性散射介质内的温度热流场

本文采用射线踪迹结合节点分析法和谱带模型,研究了漫反射不透明边界下吸收、发射、各向异性散射介质内的热辐射传递过程。考虑介质辐射能的入射和散射方向,导出漫反射、不透明边界、各向异性散射介质的辐射传递系数。在辐射平衡的情况下,考察了表面发射率和散射反照率对介质内辐射热流和温度场的影响。研究表明,介质不透明边界处存在温度跃迁现象,而且,内界面发射率越大,相应界面温度跃迁越小。     

Heat transfer in a spherical turbid medium with conduction and radiation

The heat transfer through a spherical media with conduction and radiation is considered. The medium is considered to be turbid and anisotropically scattering with diffusely reflecting boundaries of constant temperatures. The radiative transfer problem is solved using the Galerkin method. An iterative method is used to solve the nonlinear relation between the radiative transfer equation and the conductive energy equation. Calculations are carried out and compared for a homogeneous, isotropically scattering medium with isothermal, transparent boundaries. The results show good agreement with previous work. Calculations are carried out for inhomogeneous media with isotropic, and forward and backward anisotropic scattering. The boundaries of the media are considered to be isothermal and may be transparent or diffusely reflecting boundaries. The calculations are used to study the effects of the single scattering albedo, the anisotropic scattering parameter, the conduction-radiation parameter and the heat source.     

Transient coupled radiation-conduction in infinite semitransparent cylinders

A method is developed to analyze the transient coupled radiation-conduction in infinite semitransparent cylinders surrounded by isothermal black walls. The radiative heat source term is calculated by the radiative transfer coefficients and the transient energy equation is solved by an implicit finite difference method. The radiative transfer coefficients are deduced by use of the ray tracing method in combination with the Hottel and Sarofim zonal method. The effects of the related parameters on the transient radiative heat source and temperature distribution are analyzed. It is found that the peak of the dimensionless radial radiative heat source can be located at the interior shell of the cylinder with small optical thickness when heated by the surrounding irradiation. Treating the volume radiation as a surface radiation will result in large errors of transient temperature distribution for the cylinder with small optical thickness.     

Effect of reflecting modes on combined heat transfer within an anisotropic scattering slab

Under various interface reflecting modes, different transient thermal responses will occur in the media. Combined radiative-conductive heat transfer is investigated within a participating, anisotropic scattering gray planar slab. The two interfaces of the slab are considered to be diffuse and semitransparent. Using the ray tracing method, an anisotropic scattering radiative transfer model for diffuse reflection at boundaries is set up, and with the help of direct radiative transfer coefficients, corresponding radiative transfer coefficients (RTCs) are deduced. RTCs are used to calculate the radiative source term in energy equation. Transient energy equation is solved by the full implicit control-volume method under the external radiative-convective boundary conditions. The influences of two reflecting modes including both specular reflection and diffuse reflection on transient temperature fields and steady heat flux are examined. According to numerical results obtained in this paper, it is found that there exits great difference in thermal behavior between slabs with diffuse interfaces and that with specular interfaces for slabs with big refractive index.     

Coupled conductive-radiative heat transfer problem for two-layer slab

The coupled conductive radiative transfer problem in two homogeneous layers slab of anisotropic scattering with specularly reflecting boundaries has been considered. A Galerkin-iterative technique is used to solve the coupled conductive radiative heat equations in integral forms for the two layers. Numerical results are obtained for the temperature, the conductive, radiative and the total heat fluxes for the two homogeneous layers with isotropic and anisotropic scattering. The calculations are also carried out for homogeneous plane parallel medium with anisotropic scattering which show good agreement with the published calculations.