毛细管电泳安培法检测黄连中的生物碱

本文建立了一种简单快速的毛细管电泳安培检测法分离检测黄连中的黄连碱、盐酸小檗碱、巴马汀、和药根碱.以150 μm的铂电极为工作电极,考察并优化了影响分离和检测的条件.在80 mmol/L磷酸盐缓冲液中添加50%甲醇(pH 6.0),分离电压15 kV,检测电位1.2 V (vs.Ag/AgCl)的条件下,黄连碱、盐酸小檗碱、巴马汀和药根碱在8min内获得良好分离.黄连碱、盐酸小檗碱、巴马汀和药根碱的峰电流面积和浓度分别在1.0×10-5～2.0×10-7,1.0×10-5 ～8.0×10-8 mol/L,1.0×10-5～1.0×10-7 mol/L和1.0×10-5～2.0×10-7mol/L范围内呈良好的线性关系.检出限(S/N=3)低达10-8mmol/L.方法应用于微波辅助溶剂提取黄连中生物碱的测定,回收率在97.0%～104%,RSDs≤3.8%,结果满意.     

电堆集-场放大进样非水毛细管电泳法测定苦参中的三种生物碱

建立了电堆集-场放大进样非水毛细管电泳法分离测定苦参中的槐定碱、苦参碱和氧化苦参碱。采用未涂层熔融石英毛细管(50cm×50μm i.d.,有效柱长36cm),紫外检测波长为209nm,运行缓冲溶液为50mmol/L乙酸铵-20%乙腈-0.75%乙酸-55%甲醇,分离电压20kV,电动进样20kV、15s,重力进水柱时间20s时达到最佳的分离效果。在优化条件下,上述三种生物碱均在15min内出峰,峰面积的相对标准偏差(RSD)均小于5%。检出限分别达到2.02μg/L、1.32μg/L和1.01μg/L。     

电堆集富集非水毛细管电泳法测定麻黄碱

以乙腈为非水介质,建立了电堆集富集非水毛细管电泳法测定麻黄碱的方法。运行缓冲溶液为50mmol LNH4Ac 30mL LHAc 900mL L乙腈,未涂层石英毛细管(75μmi.d×47cm,有效长度为40cm),压力进样20s,15kV恒压电泳(25℃),检测波长为200nm。在最优实验条件下,麻黄碱可在15min内与其它组分分离,麻黄碱的线性范围为2～14μg mL,检测限为42ng mL。     

毛细管电泳法同时测定炎可宁片中五种有效成分

建立了区带毛细管电泳法同时测定炎可宁片中小檗碱、巴马汀、药根碱、大黄素、大黄酸5种药效成分含量的方法.在60 cm×75 μm(有效长度50 cm)未涂层弹性石英毛细管中,以90 mmol/L Tris-10 mmol/L柠檬酸(含30％乙腈,pH=8.0)为电泳缓冲溶液,分离电压为25 kV时,5种被测组分在10 m...     

大体积进样-逆电渗流堆积-毛细管区带电泳分离测定厚朴酚、绿原酸及咖啡酸

运用大体积进样-逆电渗流堆积-毛细管区带电泳分离测定了厚朴酚、绿原酸和咖啡酸。采用未涂层熔融石英毛细管(50 cm×50μm i.d.,有效柱长36 cm)分离;紫外检测波长为220 nm,运行缓冲液为40mmol/L四硼酸钠-20 mmol/L磷酸氢二钠(pH 9.0),分离电压16 kV,电动进样电压-12 kV,进样时间356s时达到最佳的分离效果。在优化条件下,上述3种化合物均在20 min内出峰,峰面积的RSD均小于4%。检出限分别为184.2、36.07、77.99 ng/L。将该法用于清肝利胆口服液中厚朴酚、绿原酸和咖啡酸的分离测定,结果满意。     

在线扫集-胶束毛细管电动色谱法测定扛板归中的阿魏酸、咖啡酸和原儿茶酸

采用在线扫集-胶束毛细管电动色谱法(sweeping-MEKC)分离测定扛板归中的阿魏酸、咖啡酸和原儿茶酸。采用未涂层熔融石英毛细管(50 cm×50μm,有效柱长36 cm);环境温度25℃;缓冲体系为20 mmol/L NaH2PO4-80mmol/L十二烷基磺酸钠(SDS)-12.5%乙腈(V/V)(pH 2.20),紫外检测波长为216 nm,运行分离电压-20 kV,进样时间100 s。在优化条件下,3种有机酸均在20 min内出峰,峰面积RSD均小于5%。检出限分别达到98.52,118.73和27.27μg/L。     

毛细管电泳内标法测定糖果中胭脂红酸

建立了胭脂红酸的毛细管电泳紫外测定方法。以未涂层融硅石英毛细管(55cm×75μm)为分离柱,3mmol/L硼砂(pH=8.92)为电泳介质,在分离电压为20kV,紫外检测波长为280nm的条件下对胭脂红酸进行测定。讨论了缓冲溶液、pH值、检测波长及分离电压的优化选择。以桂皮酸为内标对胭脂红酸进行定量测定,线性范围为3.92~100mg/L;检出限(S/N=3)为2mg/L。将该法应用于糖果中胭脂红酸含量的测定,方法简单可行且结果良好。     

毛细管电泳高频电导法测定粉防己药材中的生物碱

建立了千金藤属植物粉防己中生物碱测定的毛细管电泳高频电导法,以融硅毛细管(150μm×60cm)为分离柱,1mmol LHAc 2mmol LNH4Ac 10mmol Lβ CD 2mmol LSDS缓冲液为电泳介质,分离电压14.0kV,用高频电导法检测,粉防己药材中粉防己碱和去甲粉防己碱可实现定量分离和检测。探讨了缓冲液的种类、浓度、添加剂、分离电压和进样量对分离和检测的影响;在优化条件下的线性范围分别为:粉防己碱12 5～900μg mL,去甲粉防己碱25 0～900μg mL;检出限分别为:粉防己碱6 25μg mL,去甲粉防己碱12.5μg mL;样品加标回收率分别为92.7%～98.9%和95.9%～101%。     

毛细管电泳安培法测定田基黄中的芦丁与槲皮素

建立了毛细管电泳电化学分离检测田基黄中生物活性成分芦丁和槲皮素的方法。考察了检测电极电位、缓冲液浓度、pH、运行电压和进样时间对分离的影响。以40 cm长,50μm内径的石英毛细管作为分离通道,运行缓冲液为25 mmol/L硼砂(pH 9.2)溶液,分离电压12 kV,0.3 mm直径的铂圆盘电极为检测电极,检测电位1.00 V(vs.Ag/AgCl),芦丁和槲皮素在10 min内得到良好分离。在上述实验条件下,芦丁和槲皮素分别在8.2×10-6~5.2×10-4mol/L与6.8×10-6~7.2×10-4mol/L范围内与峰面积呈良好线性关系,检出限分别为9.0×10-7mol/L(S/N=3)和4.7×10-7mol/L(S/N=3)。方法已应用于田基黄药材提取物成分分析。     

应用四甲基氢氧化铵控制电渗流的毛细管电泳方法分离多沙唑嗪及其中间体的对映体

建立了毛细管电泳手性分离多沙唑嗪中间体对映体的方法,并同时分离了多沙唑嗪对映体。考察了不同种类季铵盐对电渗流及分离的影响,其中四甲基氢氧化铵(TMB)能有效控制电渗流并提高组分的分离度。实验还考察了其他因素,如pH值、分离电压和磷酸二氢钠浓度对分离的影响。所用的毛细管为40 cm(有效长度30 cm)×50 μm,缓冲液为12 mmol/L β-环糊精、30 mmol/L TMB、60 mmol/L 磷酸二氢钠(pH 2.2),分离电压为20 kV。在此条件下多沙唑嗪及其中间体的对映体均达到了基线分离。实验结果表明,一些用β-环糊精不能完全分离的对映体通过加入TMB控制电渗流能达到满意的分离效果。     

Simultaneous separation of organomercury species by nonaqueous capillary electrophoresis using methanol containing acetic acid and imidazole

A simple and rapid nonaqueous capillary electrophoresis method for simultaneous separation of four kinds of mercury species, namely inorganic mercury, methylmercury, ethylmercury, and phenylmercury, is reported. The effective mobilities of organomercury in aqueous and nonaqueous electrolytes were compared. Imidazole was confirmed not only as a co-ion for the separation but also as an online complexing reagent for mercury species. The optimum conditions for separation were achieved by using methanol solvent containing 0.15 M acetic acid and 15 mM imidazole as electrolyte. The sensitive detection of mercury species was accomplished at 191 nm.     

非水毛细管电泳法分离3种单磷酸腺苷及其应用研究

采用非水毛细管电泳方法对2’-AMP、3’-AMP和5’-AMP 3种单磷酸腺苷进行分离研究,考察了电泳溶液pH*值、非水介质、缓冲溶液对分离的影响。以含50%乙腈的Tris-H3BO3体系为缓冲溶液,在pH*10.0、压差进样(50 mbar,5 s)、柱温25℃、25 kV恒压下进行分离,在波长260 nm处负极检测,各组分可达到基线分离。在质量浓度为1～100 mg/L范围内,3种单磷酸腺苷的线性关系良好,平均回收率为88%～106%,RSD小于4%。该方法应用于核苷样品的测定,结果满意。     

Nonaqueous capillary electrophoresis with laser-induced fluorescence detection: a case study of comparison with aqueous media

A novel method based on separation by nonaqueous capillary electrophoresis (NACE) combined with laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) detection was developed and compared with classic aqueous modes of electrophoresis in terms of resolution of solutes of interest and sensitivity of the fluorescence detection. Catecholamines derivatized with 4-chloro-7-nitro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole (NBD-Cl) were chosen as test analytes for their subtle fluorescence properties. In aqueous systems, capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) was not suitable for the analysis of test analytes due to complete fluorescence quenching of NBD-labeled catecholamines in neat aqueous buffer. The addition of micelles or microemulsion droplets into aqueous running buffer can dramatically improve the fluorescence response, and the enhancement seems to be comparable for micellar electrokinetic chromatography (MEKC) and microemulsion electrokinetic chromatography (MEEKC). As another alternative, NACE separation was advantageous when performing the analysis under the optimum separation condition of 20 mM sodium tetraborate, 20 mM sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), 0.1% (v/v) glacial acetic acid, 20% (v/v) acetonitrile (ACN) in methanol medium after derivatization in ACN/dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) (3:2, v/v) mixed aprotic solvents containing 20 mM ammonium acetate. Compared with derivatization and separation in aqueous media, NACE-LIF procedure was proved to be superior, providing high sensitivity and short migration time. Under respective optimum conditions, the NACE procedure offered the best fluorescence response with 5-24 folds enhancement for catecholamines compared to aqueous procedures. In addition, the mechanisms of derivatization and separation in nonaqueous media were elucidated in detail.     

An assisted approach of the global optimization for the experimental conditions in capillary electrophoresis

Experimental conditions have effect on the separation of capillary electrophoresis (CE) directly. In this work, a set of index to describe the separation in CE was established properly. Based on a combination of genetic algorithm and least square support vector machine, an assisted approach of global optimization for experimental conditions was proposed for the first time, and it was applied to the separation of four synthetic compounds by CE in nonaqueous system. Under the optimum conditions obtained by this approach, the result of the experiment was satisfactory and proved that this novel approach was effective. Furthermore, we investigated the most important conditions that mainly affect the separation effectiveness of CE by partial least squares regression analysis. Because of the generalization of this new approach proposed, it can be applied to the optimization of other experimental processes.     

Nonaqueous capillary electrophoresis using a titania-coated capillary

In this work, an ordered mesoporous titania film was introduced to coat a capillary by means of the sol-gel technique. Its electroosmotic flow (EOF) property was investigated in a variety of nonaqueous media (methanol, formamide and N,N'-dimethylformamide and mixtures of methanol and acetonitrile). The titania-coated capillary exhibited a distinctive EOF behavior, the direction and magnitude of which were strongly dependent on various parameters such as the solvent composition, apparent pH (pH*) and the electrolytes. The nonaqueous capillary electrophoresis separation of several alkaloids was investigated in the positively charged titania-coated capillary. Comparison of separation between coated and uncoated capillaries under optimal nonaqueous conditions was also carried out.     

Chiral separations by capillary electromigration techniques in nonaqueous media. I. Enantioselective nonaqueous capillary electrophoresis

Enantiomer separations by CE employing nonaqueous conditions are reviewed. The general focus of this article is directed towards solvent effects on chiral recognition and the separation mechanism. After a general discussion of solvent effects on the individual processes involved in CE enantiomer separation, specifics for various selector classes are discussed together with a few applications of enantioselective nonaqueous CE.     

Separation and determination of phospholipids in plant seeds by nonaqueous capillary electrophoresis

A method has been developed for the separation and determination of phospholipids by nonaqueous capillary electrophoresis in a separation medium of acetonitrile-2-proponol (3:2, v/v), 0.3% acetic acid and 60 mM ammonium acetate. To optimize the separation conditions, the composition of separation medium including alcohols, acetic acid, n-hexane and ammonium acetate was studied. The solvation interaction and ion-dipole interaction were also investigated. The contents of phospholipids in soybean, sunflower, peanut, apricot kernel, filbert and walnut were determined by the recommended method. The results obtained by the nonaqueous capillary electrophoreses were in good agreement with those determined by micellar electrokinetic chromatography.     

Comparison of the use of aqueous and nonaqueous buffers in association with cyclodextrin for the chiral separation of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine and related compounds

A comparison of the use of aqueous and nonaqueous buffers in association with beta-CD for the chiral separation of (R)- and (S)-3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine and related compounds is described. The (R)- and (S)-isomers of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) and its major metabolite 3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA) were prepared. Under aqueous and nonaqueous buffer conditions and based on the CZE and MEKC modes, the order of migration of (R)-MDA, (S)-MDA, (R)-MDMA, and the (S)-MDMA enantioisomers were determined. Several electrophoretic parameters, including the concentration of beta-CD (aqueous, 25-60 mM; nonaqueous, 20-150 mM) used in the electrophoretic separation and the amount of organic solvents required for the separation, were optimized.     

Silver (I)-Mediated Separations by Nonaqueous Capillary Electrophoresis: Nonaqueous Argentation Electrophoresis

This study represents the first application of Ag(I) charge transfer complexation in nonaqueous capillary electrophoresis. This method applies the principles of argentation chromatography to nonaqueous electrophoretic separations and is termed “nonaqueous argentation electrophoresis”. Since the separations are performed in 100% nonaqueous media, the advantages of nonaqueous solvents, such as enhanced solubility and flexibility in selectivity enhancement, compared to an aqueous or mixed hydroorganic solvent, are realized. A variety of compounds were separated. Qualitatively, the separation of eleven sulfonamides in 100% acetonitrile is shown to improve greatly upon the addition of Ag(I). These results also show that nonaqueous argentation electrophoresis provides fast, well-resolved separations of compounds, such as N-containing heterocyclics, that can selectively complex with Ag(I). Migration data and separation selectivities of these compounds by nonaqueous argentation electrophoresis were compared to previous aqueous argentation electrophoresis results. Selectivities were found to be significantly different for the two separation media. Ag(I) complexation provides an effective means of manipulating selectivity in nonaqueous capillary electrophoresis.     

Nonaqueous capillary electrophoresis for the analysis of selected tropane alkaloids in a plant extract

Summary The potential of nonaqueous capillary electrophoresis has been investigated for the separation of structurally similar tropane alkaloids. The effects of the organic solvent and of electrolyte composition on separation selectivity, migration times, and efficiency are described. The addition of trifluoroacetic acid to the separation buffer was found beneficial for manipulation of the order of migration of the two positional isomers littorine and hyoscyamine. Replicate injections under nonaqueous conditions gave migration time and peak area data of excellent precision. The application of the optimized conditions to the analysis of hyoscyamine and scopolamine in genetically transformed root cultures ofDatura candida x D. aurea is presented.