Channel interaction of Ba 6pns （J=1） autoionizing series

The channel interactions between the Ba 6pnl (J=1) autoionizing series with different l and n have been observed by means of unsaturation and saturation excitation methods.The observed interactions were interpreted with the spectral density calculated from the multichannel quantum defect theory,the results of which are quite satisfactory.     

Experimental study of bound and autoionizing Rydberg states of the europium atom

An isolated-core-excitation (ICE) scheme and stepwise excitation are employed to study the highly excited states of the europium atom. The bound europium spectrum with odd parity in a region of 42400--43500~cm^{ - 1} is measured, from which spectral information on 38 transitions, such as level position and relative intensity, can be deduced. Combined with information about excitation calibration and the error estimation process, the selection rules enable us to determine the possible values of total angular momentum J for the observed states. The autoionization spectra of atomic europium, belonging to the 4f^{7}6p{nl} (l=0, 2) configurations, are systematically investigated by using the three-step laser resonance ionization spectroscopy (RIS) approach. With the ICE scheme, all the experimental spectra of the autoionizing states have nearly symmetric profiles whose peak positions and widths can be easily obtained. A comparison between our results and those from the relevant literature shows that our work not only confirms many reported states, but also discovers 14 bound states and 16 autoionizing states.     

Autoionization spectra of Sm atom

Spectra of autoionizing states of the Sm atom in an energy region between 45948.9 cm-1 and 46943.6 cm-1 are systematically investigated by a three-color multi-step resonant excitation scheme with three different excitation paths.The three intermediate states,4f 66s7s 7F3,4f 66s7s 7F4,and 4f 66s7s 9F5 are employed for the three paths,respectively.Based on precise calibration of wavelength,the level energies of 112 autoionizing states are determined with the line widths and the relative line intensities of the related transitions.The possible influence of configuration interaction on the line shape of autoionizing state is also discussed.In addition,a unique value of J,the total angular momentum,is assigned to all detected states by comparing the three spectra obtained with the different excitation paths.     

Lifetimes of Rydberg states of Eu atoms

The radiative lifetimes of the Eu 4f76snp(8PJ or10PJ)Rydberg states with J=5/2 and 11/2 are investigated with a combination of multi-step laser excitation and pulsed electric field ionization,from which their dependence on the effective principal quantum number is observed.The lifetimes of 21 states are reported along with an evaluation of their experimental uncertainty.The influence of blackbody radiation,due to the oven temperature,on the lifetime of the higher-n states is detected.The non-hydrogen behavior of the investigated states is also observed.     

The VMI study on angular distribution of ejected electrons from Eu 4f~76p_(1/2)6d autoionizing states

The combination of a velocity mapping imaging technique and mathematical transformation is adopted to study the angular distribution of electrons ejected from the Eu 4f76p1/26 d autoionizing states, which are excited with a three-step excitation scheme via different Eu 4f76s6d8 D J(J = 5/2, 7/2, and 9/2) intermediate states. In order to determine the energy dependence of angular distribution of the ejected electrons, the anisotropic parameters are measured in the spectral profile of the 6p1/26 d autoionizing states by tuning the wavelength of the third-step laser across the ionic resonance lines of the Eu 6s+→ 6p+. The configuration interaction is discussed by comparing the angular distributions of ejected electrons from the different states. The present study reveals the profound variations of anisotropic parameters in the entire region of autoionization resonance, highlighting the complicated nature of the autoionization process for the lowest member of6p1/26 d autoionization series.     

Even-parity states of the Sm atom with stepwise excitation

Two-colour stepwise excitation and photoionization schemes are adopted to study the spectra of high-lying states of the Sm atom. These bound even-parity states are excited with three different excitation paths from the 4f66s6p7DJ (J = 1, 2, 3) intermediate states, respectively. They are probed by photoionization process with an extra photon driving them to the continuum states. In this experiment, 270 states are detected in an energy range from 36160 cm-1 to 42250 cm-1, 109 of which are newly discovered, while the rest of them are confirmed to be the energy levels reported previously. Furthermore, based on the J-momentum selection rules of three excitation paths, a unique assignment of J-momentum for all observed states is determined, eliminating all remaining ambiguities in the literature. Finally, 53 single-colour transitions originating from the scanning laser are also identified. For all the relevant transitions, the information about their relative intensities is also given in the paper.     

Stark spectrum of barium in highly excited Rydberg states

We present observations of Stark spectra of barium in highly excited Rydberg states in the energy region around n = 35. The one-photon excitation concerns the π transition. The observed Stark spectra at electric fields ranging from 0 to 60 V·cm-1 are well explained by the diagonalization of the Hamiltonian incorporating the core effects. From the Stark maps, the anti-crossings between energy levels are identified experimentally and theoretically. The time of flight spectra at the specified Stark states are recorded, where the deceleration and acceleration of barium atoms are observed. This is very consistent with the prediction derived from the Stark maps from the point of view of energy conservation.     

Switching Behavior Induced by Electric and Magnetic Fields in （La0.73Bi0.27）0.67Ca0.33MnO3

Both electric and magnetic field-induced switching behaviors between a high resistive state and a low resistive one are observed in （La0.73Bi0.27）0.67Ca0.33MnO3. The effects of magnetoresistance a.nd electric-resistance suggest that the applied electric field and magnetic field greatly tune the percolative paths in the phase-separated system. According to the experimental results, the switching behaviors may come from the coexistence of the charge ordering state, and localized and freedom ferromagnetic states, in which the external field destroys partially the localized ferromagnetic states and charge ordering leads to the ferromagnetic state growth, which causes a switch between a high resistive state and low resistive one. This makes the doped manganite a good system for both electric and magnetic field sensor materials.     

Nonlinear spectroscopy of barium in parallel electric and magnetic fields

We report on the experimental spectral observations of barium in parallel electric and magnetic fields. The laser pulse is linearly polarized along or perpendicular to the fields, leading to the states m = 0 and the states m = -t-1 populated, respectively, by one photon excitation. By sweeping the electric field, we observe the linear and nonlinear splitting of the diamagnetic spectrum as the electric field increases. The spectral anticrossing is induced by the atomic core effect. The Stark spectrum also shows an obvious nonlinear quadratic behavior when the applied magnetic field varies strongly. All spectra are well explained by the full quantum calculation after taking the quantum defect effects of the channel ns up to nf into account.     

Relativistic Multichannel Treatment of Ionic Rydberg States of Lanthanum

Ionic Rydberg energy levels of lanthanum are calculated from first principles by relativistic multichannel theory within the framework of multichannel quantum defect theory. The present calculated results are in better agreement with the experimental measurements than the previous calculations [J. Phys. B 34 （2001）369] due to the consideration of dynamical polarizations. Moreover, in the experimental spectra achieved by a five-laser resonance excitation via the intermediate state 5d6d^3 F2, a series of weak ionic Rydberg states and some of perturbing states are found and assigned in this work.     

Sr原子自电离态的电场效应

用多步激发的方法,将Sr原子从基态5s~2经价态4α~(-2)激发至(4d_(3/2)np,n_f)J=1和(4d_(5/2)np,nf)J=1自电离系列,观察其在外电场0～5kV/cm内的光谱.对所观察到的n=12,13,14附近的斯塔克谱图进行了分析与讨论.     

Ba原子6pnd(J=1, 3)自电离光谱的实验研究

采用三台可调谐激光实施孤立实激发,分三步将处于基态的Ba原子激发到6p_1/2nd(J=1,3)和6p_3/2nd(J=1,3)自电离态上,获得了分别从6snd¹D₂(n=7—15)和6snd³D₂(n=7—12) 激发而得到的6p_1/2nd(J=1,3)和6p_3/2nd (J=1,3)自电离光谱,重点对主量子数n较低的自电离态进行了实验研究. 通过光谱的线形拟合得到了上述能级的位置和宽度等数据,进而获得了量子亏损和约化宽度等信息. 通过对不同系列的自电离光谱的分析和比较,详细讨论了这些自电离态的光谱特征及其复杂光谱结构的成因. 关键词： 孤立实激发 组态相互作用 自电离态     

钡原子6p3/2ns自电离里德伯态的研究

用激光多步激发技术研究了处于6p1/2电离限以下的6p3/2ns自电离态的光谱。 并利用最新的R矩阵的计算结果, 结合多通道量子亏损理论进行了理论分析。 理论结果与实验光谱相符合。     

铕原子4f76pns系列自电离态的光谱和动力学过程

通过共振激发技术和速度影像法对铕原子4f⁷6pns（n=7,8）自电离态进行了系统性的研究。首先采用三步共振激发技术探测光谱,通过前两步固定波长的激光将铕原子激发到4f⁷6p²态上后扫描第三步激光的波长,使得三步激光的能量总和位于铕原子4f⁷6pns（n=7,8）自电离态能域附近,从而得到该自电离态的光谱;然后采用速度影像法对其动力学过程进行探测,经过数据分析得到铕原子4f⁷6pns（n=7,8）自电离态的衰变分支比和弹射电子的角分布。不仅从光谱中观察到了强烈的组态相互作用并且确定了部分能态的总角动量,从自电离弹射电子角分布中观察到铕原子4f⁷6pns（n=7,8）自电离态复杂的物理机制,还在该能域内观测到了粒子数反转。最后,本文还对孤立实激发技术在探测低n值自电离态光谱的适用性进行了讨论。     

Study of Ba 6p1/2ns (J=0,1) autoionizing series

With different polarization configurations the spectroscopic properties of Ba 6p_1/2ns (J=0) and 6p_1/2ns (J=1) autoionizing states have been studied systematically by using an isolated core excitation scheme. Level energies and widths of n members for the J=1 series with n=9–33 and for the J=0 series with n=9–10,12–20 are reported, most of which are observed for the first time. Further information about these two autoionizing series, such as energies of the higher n members and their interseries interactions with 6p_3/2nl series, are obtained by means of saturation excitation method. The experimental data on the J=1 series are analyzed with a 13-channel multichannel quantum defect theory, and general agreement between them has been obtained. Several parts of the experimental results are compared with those of previous works, and agree well with them.     

Spectroscopic properties of Ba 6pjnk autoionizing Stark series

With a combination of the isolated core excitation (ICE) technique and a proper polarization configuration of three lasers, both the 6p_1/2nk and 6p_3/2nk autoionizing Stark states excited from the 6snk Stark states with have been measured for the first time. The experimental results are analyzed by fitting them to the Lorentzian profiles, from which the positions and widths are determined at various electric-field strengths. The experimental results indicate that the 6p_1/2nk and 6p_3/2nk autoionizing Stark states have different spectroscopic properties due to the difference of their cores.     

铕原子4f76p3/2nd自电离态的光谱

利用三步三色孤立实激发技术(ICE),系统地研究了铕原子4f76p3/2 nd自电离态的光谱,同时首次研究了激光偏振对复杂原子的光谱的影响.为了研究铕原子4f76p3/2 nd自电离态的光谱,首先设计并采用了不同的激发路径,分别将原子布居到同一高激发能域并探测它们在该能域的自电离光谱.通过比较这些光谱的异同并结合上述激发路径所对应的跃迁选择定则,便可唯一地确定这些高激发态的总角动量.为了研究激光偏振对铕原子的影响,设计并使用了两种偏振组合:三步激光都是垂直(πππ),三步激光都是平行(σσσ)(激光偏振方向相对于探测器垂直或平行).为了得到有偏振影响的光谱,分别使3部激光器处于同一偏振,依次对铕原子进行激发,激发路径与终态同上.通过对同一路径不同偏振下的光谱的比较,发现仅能确定极少数的高激发态的总角动量,同时在光谱中一些峰独立于另一偏振光谱存在.     

Eu原子4f~76p_(3/2)ns自电离态的光谱的研究(英文)

采用孤立实激发技术,对铕原子4f~76p_(3/2)ns(n=7,8)自电离态的光谱进行了系统的研究,同时是首次在不同激光偏振组合下进行的研究。首先,用前两束激光分步将铕原子从基态4f~76s~2经中间4f~76s6p态激发至4f~76sns里德堡态,然后再用第三束激光通过离子实4f~76s~+→4f~76p~+_(3/2)的跃迁将其进一步激发至4f~76p_(3/2)7s自电离态或4f~76p_(3/2)8s自电离态。对铕原子4f~76p_(3/2)ns(n=7,8)自电离态复杂的光谱分别给出了详细的解释,从中我们可以获得一些重要的光谱信息,比如自电峰的能级位置和线宽等,同时还可以观察到收敛于不同离子限的自电离系列之间的组态相互作用。最后,通过比较不同激光偏振组合下的自电离光谱,确定了一些自电离态的总角动量的值。     

钡原子6s~2、5d~2、6p~2组合的电子相关效应及其组合相互作用

用模型势方法和斯莱特-高登(Slater-Condon)理论计算了钡原子偶宇称6s~2,5d~2,6p~2电子组合、角动量J=0,1,2的双激发能级的激发能和组合相互作用(configuration interaction)。结果表明,6s~2,5d~2和6p~2组合在~1S_0态中强烈地混合,使常规能级标识符号失去意义。另外,我们的结果也从理论上证明了曾引起争议的6p~(21)S_0能级是位于第一电离势之上的自由离能级。