Molecular-dynamics investigation of structural transformations of a Cu201 cluster in its melting process

We perform molecular-dynamics calculations to investigate the structural transformation of a copper cluster containing 201 atoms in its melting process within the framework of the embedded-atom method (EAM). Concerning melting, the obtained results reveal that its structural changes are different from those of larger-size clusters containing several hundreds or more atoms and smaller-size clusters containing tens of atoms. The melting process of this Cu₂₀₁ cluster involves three stages, firstly some atoms in inner regions of this cluster move into outer regions accompanying the structural transformation of the local atom packing, followed by the continuous interchange of atomic positions, and finally this cluster is wholly disordered. During the temperature increase, the structural changes of different regions determined by atom density profiles result in apparent increases in internal energy. By decomposing peaks of pair distribution functions (PDFs) according to the pair analysis (PA) technique, the local structural patterns are identified for the melting of this cluster.     

Local structure changes of 54-, 55-, 56-atom copper clusters on heating

The local structure changes among three types of Cu clusters containing 54-56 atoms at elevated temperatures have been studied by employing molecular-dynamics simulations. The simulations show sensitivities of structural changes to different structures of the three clusters with icosahedron-based geometries by removing or adding one atom from a complete icosahedron cluster, and how the structural changes can strongly cause internal energy to change accordingly. Because of the different structures of these clusters, the structure change processes of these types are quite different on heating.     

Cu87团簇在升温与急冷过程中结构变化的原子尺度模拟

本文采用基于嵌入原子法的正则系综分子动力学方法在原子尺度上计算了包含87个原子的Cu87金属团簇在连续升温和急冷降温时的结构演化过程。根据原子平均势能、对分布函数、原子堆积结构和主要原子键对数目随温度的变化表明,温度的不同极大地影响团簇内的原子堆积结构。在升温过程中,随着温度的升高,团簇内原子堆积结构出现由密排六方、二十面体直到无序堆积的变化。在急冷降温过程中,随着急冷温度的降低,团簇内由出现的一定数量的二十面体和面心立方的局域结构、数量不一的HCP,FCC和二十面体局域结构,直到急冷温度较低时的一定数量的二十面体局域结构。     

熔融Cu55团簇在Cu(010)表面上凝固过程的分子动力学模拟

采用基于嵌入原子方法的分子动力学,模拟了熔融Cu55团簇在Cu衬底(010)表面上以两个不同降温速率降温过程中结构的变化.模拟结果表明,降温速率对团簇结构的变化有很大影响.较快的降温速率使得降温过程中团簇原子具有较低的能量;较慢的降温速率有助于高温时位于衬底内的原子向衬底表面扩散,排列形成面心立方结构.     

Molecular Dynamics Investigation of Differences in Melting Behaviors of Cu57 and Cu58 Clusters

应用基于嵌入原子方法的分子动力学计算研究了Cu57和Cu58团簇在升温过程中变为熔体的结构演化过程．两个团簇在熔化时表现出不同的结构变化行为,进而影响到它们能量变化的差异．在升温时,团簇不同区域的原子局域结构变化由原子密度分布函数确定．模拟表明,即使对于这两个仅相差一个原子的小尺寸团簇,结构变化也敏感于团簇的尺寸．     

A computational investigation of boron-doped chromium and chromium clusters by density functional theory

The geometries,stabilities and electronic properties of Crn and CrnB(n=2-9) clusters have been systematically investigated by density functional theory.The results suggest that the lowest energy structures for CrnB clusters can be obtained by substituting one Cr atom in Crn+1 clusters with B atom.The geometries of CrnB clusters are similar to that of Crn+1 clusters except for local structural distortion.The second-order difference and fragmentation energy show Cr4,Cr6,Cr8,Cr3B,Cr5B and Cr8B cluster are the ...     

熔融Cu55团簇在Cu(010)表面上凝固过程的分子动力学模拟

采用基于嵌入原子方法的分子动力学,模拟了熔融Cu₅₅团簇在Cu衬底（010）表面上以两个不同降温速率降温过程中结构的变化.模拟结果表明,降温速率对团簇结构的变化有很大影响.较快的降温速率使得降温过程中团簇原子具有较低的能量;较慢的降温速率有助于高温时位于衬底内的原子向衬底表面扩散,排列形成面心立方结构. 关键词： 团簇 凝固 分子动力学 表面     

Structural Dependence of Electronic and Magnetic Properties of the Cr13 Cluster

A tight-binding effective potential has been employed, in conjunction with a genetic algorithm, to fully optimize the Cr₁₃ cluster geometry without imposing any symmetry constraints. The minimum energy structure of this cluster is found to be a slightly distorted icosahedron. Based on the optimized structure and three assumed geometries (icosahedron,bcc-like and fcc-like), the structural dependence of electronic and magnetic properties of the Cr₁₃ cluster is discussed by using a d-band Hubbard-like Hamiltonian in the unrestricted Hartree-Fock approximation. Results are given for the average magnetic moment and local magnetic moments. It is found that for all considered geometries the Cr₁₃ cluster exhibits antiferromagnetic behavior. Results are also given for the cohesive energy, average coordination number, and local electronic densities of states. The results indicate that the average coordination number per atom in the cluster geometry is a significant factor to affect the magnetism.Also, the local density of states is a sensitive function of geometry.     

熔融Cu55团簇在铜块体中凝固过程的分子动力学模拟

应用基于嵌入原子势函数的分子动力学方法,模拟了嵌入在具有面心立方结构同质块体中的熔融Cu55团簇在不同急冷温度下微观结构的演变情况.通过计算熔融Cu55团簇的均方位移和原子平均能量随时间步的变化,并应用键对分析技术,分析了急冷温度对熔融Cu55团簇结构变化的影响.研究结果表明,由于受到块体结构的影响,在所研究的急冷温度范围内,熔融Cu55团簇在凝固过程中形成了以面心立方结构为主的微观结构.结晶过程是原子不断交换其位置的过程,团簇原子位置的重排敏感于温度的变化.随着急冷温度的升高,原子的扩散范围增大.在100,300和500 K三个较低的温度下有利于形成稳定的面心立方结构,但当急冷到100 K时,团簇中的原子在没有找到其最佳位置之前就已经完成晶化.在急冷到500 K时,团簇中的原子在块体中扩散充分,与块体中的原子形成理想的面心立方结构.在700,900和1100 K三个较高的温度上,局域结构表现为随时间步波动性变化.     

Evolution of three-shell onion-like and core-shell structures in （AgCo）201 bimetallic clusters

<正>This paper studies the structural evolution of（AgCo）₂₀₁ clusters with different Co concentrations under various temperature conditions by using molecular dynamics with the embedded atom method.The most stable position for Co atoms in the cluster is the subsurface layer at low temperature(lower than 200 K for the Ag₂₀₀Co₁ cluster).The position changes to the core layer with the increase of temperature,but there is an energy barrier in the middle layer. This makes the Ag-Co cluster form an Ag-Co-Ag three-shell onion-like configuration.When the temperature is high enough[higher than 800 K for（AgCo）₂₀₁ clusters with 50%Co],Co atoms can obtain enough energy to overcome the energy barrier and the cluster forms an Ag-Co core-shell configuration.Amorphization for the onion-like and core-shell clusters is induced by the large lattice misfit at Ag-Co interfaces.The structural evolution in the Ag-Co cluster is related to the release of excess energy.     

Sc12X（X=C、Si、Ge、Sn、Pb）团簇的几何构形和电子结构研究

基于第一性原理,在密度泛函理论框架下,用广义梯度近似(GGA)研究二十面体Sc12X(X=C、Si、Ge、Sn、Pb)团簇的几何构形和电子结构,系统计算了它们的束缚能(BE)、最高占据轨道(HOMO)与最低未占据轨道(LUMO)之间的能隙(ΔE)、局域磁矩( )及团簇的平均键长( )。研究表明,用C、Si、Ge、Sn、Pb分别替代Sc13团簇中心或表面原子可以使其成为更稳定结构(除Sc12Pb外)。掺杂团簇Sc12X中,当杂质原子X比Sc原子的原子量大很多时,具有C5V对称性的构形比具有Ih对称性的构形更稳定;当杂质原子X比Sc原子的原子量小时,具有对称Ih对称性的构形比具有C5V对称性的构形更稳定(除Sc12C团簇外)。Sc12C团簇的稳定性出现异常,其原因与轨道杂化有关。     

低温下Cu13团簇负载于Cu(001)表面上结构变化的分子动力学研究

应用分子动力学方法研究温度为10和50 K时具有二十面体结构的Cu13团簇以不同接触条件与Cu(001)表面结合后的结构变化,原子间的相互作用势采用Johnson的嵌入原子方法模型.通过基于原子密度分布函数的分析表明,负载团簇与表面的结合能主要受团簇与载体相接触的最低层原子数及这些原子所具有的不同几何构型影响,同时更高层的原子呈现出不同的几何结构.温度为10 K时,负载团簇的初始位置对团簇几何结构和结合能影响较大.     

Co@Aun(n=1-8)团簇的几何结构和电子性质的理论研究

本文利用密度泛函PW91方法研究了Co@Aun(n=1-8)团簇的平衡结构、稳定性和磁矩。结构优化显示Co原子在低能异构体中趋于占据最高配位位置,基态Co@Aun(n=2-6)团簇为二维结构,Co@Au7和Co@Au8转变为三维结构。原子平均结合能、二阶能量差分及HOMO-LUMO能级间隙分析表明掺杂Co原子提高了金团簇的稳定性,改变了金团簇能级间隙的奇偶振荡性,n=5为掺杂团簇的幻数。磁矩的计算揭示Co@Aun团簇的磁性主要源于Co原子的3d轨道。     

Co@Au_n(n=1～8)团簇的几何结构和电子性质的理论研究

本文利用密度泛函PW91方法研究了Co@Au_n（n=1～8）团簇的平衡结构、稳定性和磁矩.结构优化显示Co原子在低能异构体中趋于占据最高配位位置,基态Co@Au_n（n=2～6）团簇为二维结构,Co@Au₇和Co@Au8转变为三维结构.原子平均结合能、二阶能量差分及HOMO-LUMO能级间隙分析表明掺杂Co原子提高了金团簇的稳定性,改变了金团簇能级间隙的奇偶振荡性,n=5为掺杂团簇的幻数.磁矩的计算揭示Co@Au_n团簇的磁性主要源于Co原子的3d轨道.     

熔融Cu55团簇在铜块体中凝固过程的分子动力学模拟

应用基于嵌入原子势函数的分子动力学方法,模拟了嵌入在具有面心立方结构同质块体中的熔融Cu₅₅团簇在不同急冷温度下微观结构的演变情况.通过计算熔融Cu₅₅团簇的均方位移和原子平均能量随时间步的变化,并应用键对分析技术,分析了急冷温度对熔融Cu₅₅团簇结构变化的影响.研究结果表明,由于受到块体结构的影响,在所研究的急冷温度范围内,熔融Cu₅₅团簇在凝固过程中形成了以面心立方结构为主的微观结构.结晶过程是原子不断交换其位置的过程,团簇原子位置的重排敏感于温度的变化.随着急冷温度的升高,原子的扩散范围增大.在100,300和500 K三个较低的温度下有利于形成稳定的面心立方结构,但当急冷到100 K时,团簇中的原子在没有找到其最佳位置之前就已经完成晶化.在急冷到500 K时,团簇中的原子在块体中扩散充分,与块体中的原子形成理想的面心立方结构.在700,900和1100 K三个较高的温度上,局域结构表现为随时间步波动性变化. 关键词： 团簇 分子动力学 计算机模拟 凝固     

稀土元素在硅表面的化学吸附

本文对几种稀土元素(铈、钐、镱)在硅表面的化学吸附进行了理论计算。用定域密度泛函-离散变分方法(LDF-DVM)对顶位和三度开位两种集团模型进行了自洽计算,包括总结合能的计算,给出了吸附位能曲线,从而确定出最佳吸附构型和位置。讨论了电荷转移情况、吸附能的大小等,与一些实验结果进行了比较。并给出了三种元素在硅表面稳定吸附时的态密度图,分析讨论了其电子结构的差异和特点。 关键词：     

非晶态合金Fe80P20局域结构和性质的量子化学研究

利用原子簇模型Fe_4P简化了非晶态合金Fe_(80)P_(20)的局域结构,设计了四方锥、三角双锥、四面体及平面五边形等十几种构型,对其二、四重态分别进行密度泛函(DFT)优化计算,经过频率验证,获得五种稳定构型。从所得优化构型的键长和键级,可以发现原子簇Fe4P较好地反映了非晶态合金Fe_(80)P_(20)的局域结构。考察了各构型间的过渡转化情况,发现二重态构型的稳定性要好于四重态。分析各构型的能量、成键及电子转移情况,发现与P原子成键的Fe原子个数对这些性质影响较为明显。与P原子成键的Fe原子个数越多,体系的能量就越低,越容易存在；P原子的得电子能力随着与其成键Fe原子个数增多而减少,甚至会将失去自身电子转移到金属原子上。同时通过3d轨道布居数,讨论了原子簇的空穴数及磁学性质。     

熔融Cu57团簇在急冷过程中弛豫和局域结构转变的分子动力学研究

采用基于嵌入原子方法的正则系综分子动力学研究熔融Cu₅₇团簇在急冷过程中的弛豫及其局域结构变化.通过对弛豫过程中均方位移、非相干中间散射函数和非Gauss参数三种函数和原子键对随急冷温度不同所发生变化的分析表明,在经过短时间的原子剧烈运动后,急冷温度极大地影响着团簇内原子结构弛豫过程.急冷温度较高时,原子在经历短时间剧烈运动的β弛豫后,进入α弛豫区后以扩散运动为主,随后原子运动表现为非扩散性的原子局域结构重排,团簇内没有出现明显的成核结构.随着温度的降低,原子局域结构的变化在经过短时间原子剧烈运动的β弛豫后,在α弛豫区原子运动表现为扩散性运动,并出现一定数量的不稳定二十面体结构.当急冷温度很低时,在进入α弛豫区后,团簇结构变化逐渐表现为非扩散性原子局域结构重排,形成相当数量的稳定成核二十面体结构. 关键词： 团簇 分子动力学 计算机模拟 表面     

Electronic structure of GaxIn1-xAsySb1-y quaternary alloy by recursion method

Summary  This work reports the electronic structure of GaInAsSb quaternary alloy by recursion method. A five-orbital sp₃s^* per atom model was used in the tight-binding representation of the Hamiltonian. The local density of states (LDOS), integrated density of states (IDOS) and structural energy (ST.E) were calculated for Ga, In, As and Sb sites in Ga_0.5 In_0.5 As_0.5 Sb_0.5 and GaInAsSb lattice matched to GaAs and the same alloy lattice matched to GaSb. There are 216 atoms in our cluster arranged in a zincblend structure. The results are in good agreement with available information about the alloy.     

Structure,energetic and phase transition of small nickel-palladium heterogeneous clusters

Molecular dynamics simulation (MD) with Sutton-Chen potential for palladium-palladium, nickel-nickel and palladium-nickel interactions has been used to generate the minimum energy structures and to study the thermodynamic and dynamic properties of mixed transition metal cluster motifs of Ni _n Pd_(13?n) for n ≤ 13. Thirteen particle icosahedral clusters of neat palladium and nickel atoms were first reproduced accordingly with the results in literature. Then in the palladium icosahedra, each palladium atom has been successively replaced by nickel atom. Calculation is repeated for both palladium-centered and nickel-centered clusters. It is found that the nickel-centered clusters are more stable than the palladium-centered clusters and cohesive energy increases along the palladium end to nickel end. Phase transition of each cluster from one end-species to the other end-species is studied by means of caloric curve, root mean square bond fluctuation and heat capacity. Trend in variation of melting temperature is opposite to the energy trend. Palladium-centered cluster shows a premelting at low temperature due to the solid-solid structural transition. Species-centric order parameters developed by Hewage and Amar is used to understand the dynamic behavior in the solid-solid transition of palladium-centered cluster to more stable nickel-centered cluster (premelting). This species-centric order parameter calculation further confirmed the stability of nickel-centered species over those of palladium-centered species and solid-solid structural transition at low temperature.