Tightly focusing of spirally polarized Quadratic Bessel Gaussian beam through a dielectric interface

Based on vector diffraction theory, the tight focusing properties of spirally polarized axisymmetric Bessel-modulated Gaussian beam through a dielectric interface on high numerical aperture (NA) are investigated theoretically. The optical intensity distribution in the focal region of high NA objective lens is investigated in detail by numerical calculations. The results show that the focal shift induced in the focal region is by mismatch of refractive indices across the dielectric interface. It is also found that the optical intensity in focal region of spirally polarized Quadratic Bessel Gaussian (QBG) beam can be altered considerably by changing spiral parameter C that indicates the polarization spiral degree of the incident beam.     

Light beams whose degree of polarization does not change on propagation

It is known that the degree of polarization of a light beam is, in general, different at different points in space. In this paper we show that there is a class of quasi-homogeneous sources which generate beams whose degree of polarization does not change as the beam propagates.     

Numerical simulation of Bessel beams by FDTD employing the superposition principle

Finite difference time domain (FDTD) method is adopted to build a Bessel beams simulation model according to homogeneousness and linearity of the Maxwell equations in source-free region. Validation for this model is confirmed by comparing the simulation results with the theoretical results solved with a vector Helmholtz equation in free space and good agreement with maximum error 2% has been demonstrated. It is indicated that FDTD could be an effective approach to analyze other complicated models of Bessel beams in source-free region by means of superposition principle.     

Electron acceleration using two crossed Bessel beams in vacuum

The direct acceleration of electrons by using two crossed linearly polarized Bessel beams with equal frequency and amplitude in vacuum is studied and compared with the case of single linearly polarized Bessel beam. It is found that two zeroth- and first-order Bessel beams with π-rad phase difference have a nonvanishing longitudinal electric field on the z-axis, which can be maximized under certain conditions and used to accelerate electrons. Two crossed zeroth- and first-order Bessel beams have a larger maximum longitudinal electric field on the z-axis than that of a single first-order Bessel beam, and are suited for laser electron acceleration.     

高阶贝塞耳光束及其传输特性的研究

本文首次提出了高阶贝塞耳(Bassel)光束的概念,并详细研究了高阶贝塞耳光束通过变换矩阵为光学系统的传输特性.     

Generation of TE- and TH-polarized Bessel beams using one-dimensional photonic crystal

Based on the matrix method, a theory of propagation of TE- and TH-polarized Bessel light beams (BLBs) in a one-dimensional photonic crystal (1DPC) is developed. The transmission through a 1DPC (with and without a defect impurity) of a quasi-circularly-polarized incident Bessel beam generated by an axicon from a circularly-polarized Gaussian beam has been calculated and analyzed. Also a solution of the problem on the transmission of BLBs through crystalline plate (layer of a uniaxial crystal with the orientation of the optical axis orthogonally to its interfaces) and reflection from it has been presented.Based on this, a new method of formation of TE- and TH-polarized Bessel light beams has been proposed. It has been shown that it is possible to control this process by changing the cone angle of an incident Bessel light beam. The effect of generation of a coherent superposition of two Bessel beams with different cone angles in the case of a high birefringence of defect layer has been predicted theoretically.     

Review of non-diffracting Bessel beam experiments

The theory of non-diffracting Bessel beam propagation and experimental evidence for nearly-non-diffracting Bessel beam propagation are reviewed. The experimental results are analysed to show that the observed propagation distances are characteristic of the optical systems used to transport the beams, and are not unique to the Bessel beam intensity profiles. The results indicate that, despite the innovative techniques employed to generate finite radius Bessel beam distributions, nearly-non-diffracting Bessel beam propagation has not yet been conclusively demonstrated.     

A high-efficient method for generating radially and azimuthally polarized Bessel beams using biaxial crystals

As was shown previously, in propagation of a circularly polarized Bessel light beam along the optical axes of a biaxial crystal, there takes place the conversion of the order of Bessel function. In this paper, a new result is presented which is obtained by varying the polarization state of an input beam. Namely, a linearly polarized beam can be transformed into a beam with the radial or azimuthal polarization state. At that the order-transformation also occurs. The switching between radial and azimuthal polarization states of the output beam is performed by the proper switching between two orthogonal linear polarization states of the input beam. The efficiency of polarization conversion is high and can be practically full at an appropriate choice of the cone angle of the input beam or crystal length.     

Features of evanescent Bessel light beams formed in structures containing a dielectric layer

Based on the matrix method, a theory of generation of evanescent Bessel light beams (BLBs) in a structure containing a dielectric layer is developed. An exact solution is obtained for the problem of the tunneling of vector BLBs (TE and TM modes and their linear superposition) through the layer surrounded by various dielectric media in conditions of the total internal reflection at its boundaries. The behavior of energy fluxes both inside the layer and in ambient media is investigated.     

基于零级贝塞尔光束干涉产生的局域空心光束

通过对由两个零级贝塞尔光束相干叠加形成的三维衍射光场的理论分析和计算机模拟,发现当双零级贝塞尔光束的有关参量满足一定条件时,会在光轴上形成一系列高质量的局域空心光束。在此基础上,进一步分析了这种阵列局域空心光束的大小、阵列周期及局域空心光束的质量与双零级贝塞尔光束和光路参量的定量关系。推导出双零级贝塞尔光束叠加时在中心暗斑位置达到完全干涉相消的条件是通过两个环缝的能量要相同,以及产生最佳局域空心光束的内外环缝光源半径的比值为0.465。该研究为进一步设计制备基于双零级贝塞尔光束干涉实现阵列局域空心光束的新型衍射光学元件提供了理论依据和设计参量。     

Formation of Bessel beams with continuously variable cone angle

A simple device capable to produce Bessel beams with variable cone angle is proposed. It is shown that the cone angle of the Bessel beam produced by the axicone placed inside the telescope depends on the position of the axicone and can be continuously varied. As a result of theoretical investigations a simple formula giving the cone half-angle on the parameters and position of axicone inside the telescope was derived. The possibility of the Bessel beam generation with the help of a proposed device was confirmed experimentally. Good qualitative and quantitative agreement with the theoretical predictions is obtained.     

Polarization vortex spatial optical solitons in Bessel optical lattices

We investigate the formation of polarization vortex spatial optical solitons in optical lattice induced by a non-diffracting Bessel beam. The properties of these solitons in zeroth-order and first-order Bessel lattices with focusing and defocusing Kerr nonlinearity are discussed. It is found that these solitons have some analogies with phase vortex solitons carrying single positive or negative topological charge in these lattices. Besides, these polarization vortex solitons have complicated dynamical characteristic and can be stabilized in some parameter region.     

Spectral anomalies of diffracted pulsed Bessel beams in dispersive media

Starting from the Huygens–Fresnel diffraction integral, the analytical expression for the power spectrum of diffracted pulsed Bessel beams in a dispersive media is derived and used to study the spectral anomalies of pulsed Bessel beams in the far field. Numerical results are given to illustrate the dependence of the anomalous spectral behavior on the pulse parameters, aperture parameter and dispersive properties of the medium. It is shown that, near phase singularities, anomalous spectral behavior may take place. The potential applications of spectral anomalies of ultrashort pulsed beams in information encoding and information transmission are considered.     

High-order polarization vortex spatial solitons

We investigate the formation of high-order polarization vortex spatial solitons. The high-order polarization vortex solitons have novel polarization states which are different from fundamental polarization vortex solitons and have rotational symmetry only in intensity. It is proved that the polarization vortex solitons cannot carry vortex phase. The existence domain and dynamical characteristic of these high-order polarization vortex solitons in Bessel optical lattices are discussed in detail.     

The generation of Bessel beams at millimetre-wave frequencies by use of an axicon

An axicon is used to generate a Bessel beam at 90 GHz in the millimetre-wave region of the spectrum. The Bessel beam has a central intensity maximum of approximately 4 mm in diameter that is maintained over a propagation distance greater than 60 mm.     

Sub wavelength multiple focal spot generation of high NA objective lens using diffractive optical element

In this article, based on the vector diffraction theory, the effect of specially designed phase modulating optical element by means of an incident tightly focused azimuthally polarized Bessel Gaussian beam in the focal region of high NA lens is investigated numerically. It is observed, that a specially designed diffractive optical modulation element (DOE) can generate multiple focal spot segment of transversely polarized in the focal region by controlling the angles of DOE. Such kind of sub wavelength transversely polarized focal spots segment may find wide applications in multiple optical traps and optical manipulation technology.     

Generalization and propagation of spiraling Bessel beams with a helical axicon

A generalized type of spiral Bessel beam has been demonstrated by using a spatially displaced helical axicon (HA).The topological charge of the spiraling Bessel beams is determined by the order of the input Laguerre-Gaussian (LG) beam and the topological charge of the HA.The obtained spiraling Bessel beams have an LG type of modulation along their propagation direction and exhibit annihilation-reconstruction properties.Theoretical analysis is presented,including that of the stability,propagation distance,topological charge,and spiraling dynamic characteristics.The mathematical and numerical results show that the propagation distance and helical revolution of the spiraling Bessel beams can be controlled through choosing appropriate radius of the HA.     

Light-induced frequency shift of stimulated Raman scattering in Bessel light beams

The medium susceptibility related to stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) is known to be a complex value whose imaginary part determines the SRS gain coefficient whereas the real part constitutes a small fraction of the refractive index at the frequencies of the scattered emission that is proportional to the intensity of the exciting beam. Strong transverse nonuniformity of this beam causes focusing of high-frequency components of the scattered light and defocusing of low-frequency ones that inevitably affect their amplification efficiency. The effect for Gaussian pumping is responsible for a slight shift of the SRS gain spectrum towards higher frequencies. The present work analyzes theoretically SRS excited by a Bessel light beam and demonstrates that the axial component of the scattered emission experiences a frequency shift that is much greater than that for the case of Gaussian beam pumping. __________ Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 75, No. 3, pp. 336–341, May–June, 2008.     

Comparison of SRS thresholds under pumping by Gaussian and Bessel beams

In the paraxial approximation, it has been shown that the quasi-stationary SRS amplification coefficient in the near-threshold region is determined by the product of the pump intensity in the beam center and the overlap integral of the transverse structure of the pump and the Stokes component. Expressions for the overlap integral and the scattering powers have been obtained and analyzed for the following cases: the pump and the Stokes field are Gaussian beams; the pump and the Stokes field are Bessel beams; the pump is a Bessel beam and the Stokes field is an axial Gaussian beam. Relations between the SRS excitation thresholds in different cases have been found.Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 71, No. 6, pp. 778–787, November–December, 2004.This revised version was published online in April 2005 with a corrected cover date.     

Focal shift of focused truncated random electromagnetic beams

The focal shifts of focused truncated random electromagnetic beams are investigated. Based on the complex Gaussian expansion method for a hard-edged aperture function, the analytical propagation formula of cross-spectral density matrix for a random electromagnetic beam focused by an optical system with a thin lens and a circular aperture is derived. The Fresnel numbers related with the beam and system parameters are defined and used to examine focal shifts. The dependence of the focal shifts on the different Fresnel numbers and polarization distribution are discussed in detail with numerical examples.