中国医药化学宝贵遗产──再论古代麻醉药酒

中国医药化学宝贵遗产──再论古代麻醉药酒孙晓云，卢永辉，孙成林（河北师范大学化学系石家庄０５００１６）中医学在世界医学中堪称一枝独秀，而其所采用的麻醉药物和麻醉方法也颇具特色，令人瞩目。中医麻醉药物在施治上有的可以内服，有的可以外敷；有的用于全身麻醉...     

老年性白内障与微量元素

参阅有关老年性白内障的文献．归纳其病因有四种学说:(1)老化学说;(2)醌体学说;(3)微量元素学说;(4)中医学说．按病因学说不同．用药各异．目前治疗老年性白内障药物有滴眼剂及内服剂,其中有一种新药名为除障灵．它是根据中医学说及微量元素学说，筛选中药制成,它含有丰富的锌、硒、铜、镁等微量元素．应用除障灵治疗老年性白内障患者102例(204只眼)，观察6个月至2年，有效率达95％，开创了治疗老年性白内障的新方法．     

元素医学与心理保健

众所周知，传统中医学讲究的是整体观念和辨证施治。中医认为，正常的情绪活动，是人体对客观事物喜恶态度的客观反映。但是各种情绪活动都必须适度，平和的情绪变化，不但不会成为致病的原因，而且还能起到协调生理活动的作用。从某种意义上讲，中医学实际上是一个舒畅心情的医学，良好的情绪是人体最有助于健康的力量。因为当人精神愉快、心情舒畅时，身心紧张的状态得以消除，中枢神经兴奋，指挥作用加强，人体内能进行正常的消化吸收、分泌和排泄，保持旺盛的新陈代谢。此时人们不仅食欲好、睡眠香．而且记忆力也大大提高，头脑敏锐、精力充沛、免疫力增强，创造力也十分活跃，身心轻松自如、炎症消失。     

溃疡性上消化道出血中医辨治与微量元素的关系

对十二指肠球部溃疡合并出血中医辨治与微量元素之间的关系进行了观察,发现微量元素与中医辨证分型有一定的关系。并分组用中药就２００例患者进行了治疗,在治疗前后分别观察了微量元素含量,并同正常人进行了比较,发现随着出血患者病情的变化,微量元素的含量也有所不同。     

铅中毒治疗的新进展

概述了近十年来铅中毒治疗的演变,介绍了西医及中医的各种治疗措施与方法,包括：二巯基丁二酸类药物、维生素类药物、某些食品添加剂和保健制剂及中药驱铅疗法。     

探索人体健康与疾病现象的实体

通过对各种化学元素、化合物在人体中的作用与影响作出分析与总结,从现代科学的角度直观地解释了中医学中如阴虚、阳虚、正、邪、湿、热等的多个抽象概念和理论。为研究抽象而深奥难懂的中医学概念和理论提供了一个新的思路,使之转化为具体而直观的符合现代科学概念的理论。     

中医药在未来医学中的角色及如何全球化？

除了疾病治疗外,现今健康保健模式更强调预防和个人生活品质的提升,在人类系统生物学和分子生物学的基础上,更专注于整体和整合的方法。基于个人药理遗传学（pharmacogenetics）和表观组学（pharmacophenomics）的个体化医学,是未来医学的最高境界。以单一化学成分作为药物的治疗模式,也常难以治疗现代复杂疾病,应用多种化学成分的系统生物学方法应当可以弥补当今医学之不足。中医药学经过几千年的发展,积累了丰富的临床经验,为目前无法满足的现代医疗需求提供了某些策略。中医学的整体观可能是"整体医学"的雏形,个体化诊疗和个体化处方等中医学的特色,具备现今主流医学中个体化医学的许多特征。中药复方通常由多味中药组成,含多种化学成分,以及多靶点的特色,所有这些特点和现代主流医学的研究方向一致。整合来自西医的现代主流医学和源于中国的中医学,将有助于二十一世纪新医学的发展,满足尚未满足的人类健康保健需求。本文主要讨论中医药学在未来医学中的作用,以及融于主流医学和全球化的策略。为了满足人类医疗需求,促进未来医学的发展,不仅需要现代科学的进步,也需要不同文化传统医学的融入。     

慢性肾衰的中医辨证施治案例

慢性肾衰———分—析——→病人P、Fe、Mn、Zn缺乏,Sr过剩(脾肾阳虚证)治疗↓辨宏观证充补↑辨微证观仙茅、太子参———分——析—→药物P、Fe、Mn、Zn含量高,Sr含量低。这个例子运用中医辨证方法治疗慢性肾衰,所用药物的微量元素分析结果完全支持治疗的选择。慢性肾衰的中医辨证施治案例@李小     

中医治疗与微量元素浅析

近年来，许多学者研究发现中医虚证与微量元素含量变化有关，中药研究也按这一思路进行了中药与微量元素的研究，但试图以中药补充病理状态下机体微量元素的不足是不可取的，不如通过食物补充。因此，中药治疗虚证之微量元素失调，应采用具富集某种微量元素作用的中药，同时必须在治疗中突出中医特色。     

东江河砂中微量元素的含量分析及其治疗作用机理

东江河砂外用治疗中医风湿痹证，疗效确切。用原子吸收分光光度法测定了该河砂中铁、锰、钴、锌、铜、钠、镁、钾的含量，并对其在砂疗中的作用进行了探讨。     

Densities,speeds of sound,excess volumes and viscosities of binary mixtures of mtbe with tetralin and decalin at 303.15 k

Measurements of densities, speeds of sound, excess volumes and viscosities of binary mixture of methyl tert-butyl ether with tetralin and decalin are reported at 303.15?K over the entire range of composition. Excess volumes are measured using batch dilatometer technique. Sound speeds are obtained using ultrasonic interferometer. Densities are computed from excess volume data. Isentropic compressibilities are derived from density and sound speed data. Speeds of sound are evaluated on the basis of Jacobson's free length theory and Schaff's collision factor theory. The predicted values are in good agreement with the experimental results. The viscosity data are analysed on the basis of corresponding states approach. Excess volumes and deviation in isentropic compressibilities are negative and deviation in viscosities are positive over the entire composition range. The experimental results are discussed in terms of possible molecular interactions between unlike molecules.     

Review of Analytical Methods for Atmospheric Oxidants Measurements

Abstract

Instrumental and manual methods currently available for the measurement of atmospheric oxidants are surveyed. Techniques used in the United States are emphasized and their advantages and disadvantages are discussed. Commercial systems are evaluated in terms of general operating principles rather than of specific instruments. The ability of these techniques to meet the measurement requirements defined by U.S. Federal air quality oxidant criteria are discussed. Alternative chemical techniques that may have some advantages over the neutral, buffered KI procedure are discussed. Also some attractive, alternative instrumental procedures that are ozone-specific are presented. These systems are based on chemiluminescence and ultraviolet absorption photometry. Electrochemical and colorimetric methods for total oxidant measurements are compared. Finally, some data are presented on relationships of ozone and total oxidants.     

钼、钨系过氧化物在Sharpless烯烃环氧化反应中的应用*

钼、钨系过氧化物是非常重要的Sharpless烯烃环氧化催化剂,有着非常广泛的工业发展前景。本文综述了钼、钨系过氧化物的种类,结构,合成方法及催化活性,分析了各种钼、钨系过氧化物的特点以及在催化环氧化领域的发展现状。同时,本文还讨论了钼、钨系过氧化物催化烯烃环氧化反应的机理。评述了在催化环氧化领域中两种主要理论——Mimoun机理与Sharpless机理的争论焦点及发展现状,以及计算化学对两种理论中间过渡态的研究进展,并且重点分析了Sharpless机理的过渡态结构。此外,本文还综述了影响钼、钨系过氧化物催化剂反应活性的各种因素以及质子所产生的副反应。最后,本文对应用于催化环氧化领域的钼、钨系过氧化物未来的研究方向提出了建议。     

Some Strategies for the Refinement of Disordered Structures with the SHELXL-97 Refinement Program

1 INTRODUCTION finement stage. The person performing the crysta- llographic manipulations works on numerical data The high degree of order in the arrangement of that are quite different from the diffraction images atoms in a crystal is a fundamental characteristic of on a computer terminal, and most often does not even the crystalline state, an ideal crystal being envisaged see the images. to be constructed of regularly-stacked unit cells, each The refinement program, SHELXL-97[1], has …     

Synthesis,Redox and Spectroscopic Properties of Pterin of Molybdenum Cofactors

Pterins are bicyclic heterocycles that are found widely across Nature and are involved in a variety of biological functions. Notably, pterins are found at the core of molybdenum cofactor (Moco) containing enzymes in the molybdopterin (MPT) ligand that coordinates molybdenum and facilitates cofactor activity. Pterins are diverse and can be widely functionalized to tune their properties. Herein, the general methods of synthesis, redox and spectroscopic properties of pterin are discussed to provide more insight into pterin chemistry and their importance to biological systems.     

Contactless conductivity detection for microfluidics: designs and applications

Different methods for construction of contactless conductivity detectors (CCD) for microchip electrophoresis device are described in this review. This includes three main schemes of CCD for microchips, such as (i) the detection electrodes are placed along the microchannel from outside of the microchip and they are insulated from the channel by the cover lid of microchip device; (ii) the electrodes are placed across of the microchannel in the same plane and they are insulated by thin separation channel walls and (iii) electrodes are buried in widened part of microchannel and they are insulated from solution by ultrathin layer of silicon carbide. Specific issues related to the CCD on microfluidics are discussed, such as an influence of shape and magnitude of ac voltage and placement of electrodes and their insulation. Various applications for security, pharmacological, bioassays and food analysis purposes are described.     

抗生素在水环境中的光化学行为

抗生素是在水环境中广泛存在的一类新兴污染物, 近年来, 由于其“假”持久性并能引起环境菌群的抗药性而备受关注. 光化学降解是水环境中抗生素类污染物的重要消减方式. 本文总结了水环境中抗生素光化学行为研究的最新进展, 介绍了抗生素的直接、间接和自敏化光解动力学, 评述了pH和水中溶解性物质对抗生素光解的影响及典型抗生素的光降解路径与机理, 讨论了抗生素的光致毒性, 最后对抗生素在水环境中光化学行为的研究进行了展望.     

Inorganic electrides

Inorganic electrides are a novel kind of ionic compounds in which the anions are electrons confined in a complex array of cavities or channels and the cations are nanoscale arrays of alkali metal ions that provide charge balance. In electrides the donated electron behaves like a low-density correlated electron gas, whereby the dimensionality of the electron gas and its electronic and magnetic properties are determined by the topology of the cavities in the host matrix. Unlike traditional electrides, in which alkali cations are encapsulated within an organic cage, inorganic electrides are thermally stable. The current inorganic electrides based on alkali metal loaded zeolites can be designed as useful reduced-dimensionality materials. Inorganic electrides are powerful reducing agents, and they are able to reduce small aromatic molecules to the radical anions within the channels of the zeolite.     

The Application of NMR Spectroscopy and Chemometrics in Authentication of Spices

Spices and herbs are among the most commonly adulterated food types. This is because spices are widely used to process food. Spices not only enhance the flavor and taste of food, but they are also sources of numerous bioactive compounds that are significantly beneficial for health. The healing effects of spices are connected with their antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and carminative properties. However, regular consumption of adulterated spices may cause fatal damage to our system because adulterants in most cases are unhealthy. For that reason, the appropriate analytical methods are necessary for quality assurance and to ensure the authenticity of spices. Spectroscopic methods are gaining interest as they are fast, require little or no sample preparation, and provide rich structural information. This review provides an overview of the application of NMR spectroscopy combined with chemometric analysis to determine the quality and adulteration of spices.