High-throughput synthesis of size-controlled Pt-based catalysts

Pt catalysts are commonly used for chemical reaction processes due to its high catalytic activity and selectivity. Notably, the size of metal particles often has a significant impact on the performance of the metal-loaded catalysts. Therefore, developing highly efficiently synthesis method for the size control of Pt catalysts has great development prospects and research value. In this study, high-throughput size tuning of Pt-based catalysts was achieved by carbonizing the carriers. The experimental and characterization results showed that the size of the loaded Pt nanoparticles varied with different concentrations of glucose solution during carriers carbonization process. The reduction of 4-nitrophenol as a template reaction indicated that the reaction rate constant of the catalyst is approximately linear with the size of Pt particles. Importantly, a laboratory-built high-throughput synthesis system was applied for the catalyst synthesis, which enhances the automation of the laboratory exploratory experiments and makes it possible to synthesize catalysts with controllable size in batches.     

SYNTHESIS OF MESOPOROUS TiO_2 MATERIALS WITH HIGH SPECIFIC AREA USING INORGANIC ACIDS AS CATALYSTS

This paper presents a synthesis process for preparing mesoporous titanium dioxide materials in the absence of any templates and using inorganic acids as catalysts. Tetrabutyl titanate was used as the precursor at ambient temperature, and four different inorganic acids, i.e., hydrochloric, nitric, sulfuric and phosphoric, were used as catalysts. The as-prepared mesoporous TiO2 materials were characterized by SEM, XRD and nitrogen adsorption/desorption measurements. The influences of different inorganic acids on the properties of TiO2 were discussed and compared in details. Experiments showed that the inorganic acids have significant effects on the surface area, pore volume, pore size, and pore size distribution of the products. The mesoporous TiO2 materials catalyzed by phosphoric acid exhibited the largest specific surface area and largest pore volume with narrow pore size distribution. Vacuum and infrared drying methods tested in the process were found to have subtle impact on the structure of the TiO2 materials prepared.     

SYNTHESIS OF HIGH PURITY TiO2 NANOPARTICLES FROM Ti（SO4）2 IN PRESENCE OF EDTA AS COMPLEXING AGENT

TiO2 nanoparticles were synthesized by a homogeneous controlled precipitation method using industrial titanium sulfate （Ti（SO4）2）. The obtained powders were characterized by X-ray diffraction （XRD）, transmission electron microscope （TEM）, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy （FTIR） and ICP plasma spectrometer. EDTA was used as complexing agent to improve the purity and the formation of TiO2 nanoparticles. Experimental results indicated that the high-purity TiO2 nanoparticles were 20 nm in mean size and nearly monodispersed.     

Photodegradation of benzene by TiO_2 nanoparticles prepared by flame CVD process

Photodegradation of benzene at ppb levels by mixed-phase TiO 2 nanoparticles, synthesized by the oxidation of TiCl 4 in propane/air turbulent flame chemical vapor deposition (CVD) process, is investigated experimentally by using a tubular photoreactor with thin TiO 2 films coated on the reactor wall by sedimentation. Effects of inlet benzene concentration from 10 to 300 g/m 3 , rutile mass fraction from about 20 to 50% and photoluminescence (PL) intensity of TiO 2 nanoparticles on degradation degree are exa...     

油酸修饰TiO2纳米微粒水溶液润滑下GCr15钢摩擦磨损性能研究

用四球摩擦磨损试验机考察了脂肪酸修饰TiO2纳米微粒水溶液润滑下GCr15钢的摩擦磨损性能,并用电子探针和X射线光电子能谱研究了钢球磨损表面边界润滑膜的化学组成和元素分布.摩擦磨损试验结果表明:脂肪酸修饰TiO2纳米微粒在水中具有较好的润滑性能、良好的极压性能及较高的承载能力.添加质量分数为0.1%～1.0%的油酸TiO2纳米微粒可使水的承载能力提高6～12倍,烧结负荷提高51～100%,抗磨减摩性能也有较大提高,卡咬负荷由150N提高至1000～1800N.磨损表面分析表明:油酸TiO2纳米微粒在较高负荷(>300N)下发生了摩擦化学反应,生成含TiO2及油酸复合物的边界润滑膜,从而起减摩抗磨作用     

Ag2S纳米粒子原位合成以增强PAI涂层机械和摩擦学性能

借助单源前驱体热分解在聚酰胺酰亚胺(PAI)涂层中原位合成了硫化银(Ag₂S)纳米粒子,并通过调节单源前驱体的含量进一步调控纳米粒子尺寸. 采用X射线衍射仪和高分辨场发射扫描电镜对原位合成Ag₂S纳米粒子的物相结构、形貌、尺寸和尺寸分布进行了表征和分析;详细研究了Ag₂S纳米粒子对PAI涂层机械性能和摩擦学性能的影响;对其增强机制进行了探讨. 结果表明:PAI涂层中原位合成的Ag₂S纳米粒子粒径较小而且分散均匀,且调节单源前驱体能有效调控Ag₂S纳米粒子的尺寸和尺寸分布. Ag₂S纳米粒子的原位引入(优化质量分数为5.0%)有效改善了PAI涂层的机械性能和摩擦学性能,其摩擦学性能的增强归因于机械强度的提高和诱导转移膜的形成.      

Synthesis of TiO2 nanoparticles by propane/air turbulent flame CVD process

Synthesis of TiO2 nanoparticles by the oxidation of titanium tetrachloride (TiCl4) in high-strength propane/air turbulent flame is investigated tentatively for mass production ofTiO2 nanoparticles. Effects of reactor heat flux varying from 247 to 627 kJ/m2 s, initial TiO2 number density from 2×1020> to 1 × 1021 m-3, and apparent residence time of TiO2 nanoparticles in reactor from 0.06 to 0.9 s, on particle morphology, phase composition, UV absorption and photoluminescence (PL) spectra are studied. The TiO2 nanoparti-cles synthesized, with mean size of 30-80 nm and rutile mass fraction from 0.155 up to 0.575, exhibited a strong PL signal at the wavelength of 370-450 nm, with a wide peak signal at 400-420 nm, reflecting significant oxygen vacancies on the surface of the TiO2 nanoparticles.     

Pore-structure-mediated hierarchical SAPO-34: Facile synthesis,tunable nanostructure,and catalysis applications for the conversion of dimethyl ether into olefins

Hierarchical cross-like SAPO-34 catalysts with different pore size distributions were obtained via hydrothermal synthesis with polyethylene glycol (PEG) as the mesopore-generating agent. The hierarchical SAPO-34 molecular sieves were characterized using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, N₂ adsorption–desorption, thermogravimetric analysis, and temperature-programmed NH₃ desorption. The cross-like SAPO-34 catalysts exhibited enriched multi-porosity, and the sizes of their mesopores ranged from 10 to 50 nm. Both the mesoporous structures and morphologies of the hierarchical SAPO-34 could be further tuned through adjustments of the amount of PEG used. The as-obtained SAPO-34 showed dramatic catalytic performance in the conversion of dimethyl ether into olefins. A maximum selectivity of olefins of 96% was achieved, which was attributed to the rapid transport of the reactants and products in zeolitic micropores through mesopores.     

Experimental study to obtain the viscosity of CuO-loaded nanofluid: effects of nanoparticles’ mass fraction,temperature and basefluid’s types to develop a correlation

In this study, the impacts of temperature, nanoparticles mass fraction, and basefluid types were investigated on the dynamic viscosity of CuO-loaded nanofluids. The nanoparticles were dispersed in deionized water, ethanol, and ethylene glycol as basefluids separately and the measurements were performed on samples with nanoparticles loads ranging from 0.005 to 5 wt%, and the temperature range of 25 to 70 °C. TEM analysis were performed on dried nanoparticles and the results showed the average mean diameter of CuO nanoparticles ranged from 10 to 50 nm. The results of DLS analysis confirmed the results of nanoparticles size obtained by TEM analysis in mentioned basefluids and Zeta-Potential tests exhibited the high stability of the nanoparticles in the basefluids environment. The results indicate that by adding tiny amount of CuO nanoparticles to basefluids, relative viscosity of nanofluid increases. By the increase in nanoparticles load higher than 0.1 wt% the effect of both nanoparticles mass fraction and temperature would be more tangible, while for nanoparticles mass fraction lower than 0.1 wt% no significant change in viscosity was observed. In addition, the results declare that viscosity of nanofluid remains constant at various applied shear rates indicating Newtonian behavior of nanofluid at various nanoparticles load and temperature. According to experimental data, it is also evident that with the increase in temperature, the value of relative dynamic viscosity decreases significantly. Also it is concluded that for CuO/ethanol nanofluid, more interfacial interaction is resulted that causes higher relative dynamic viscosity while for CuO/water lower interfacial interaction between nanoparticles surface and water molecules are resulted which leads to the lower values for this parameter. The results of this study implied that with increase the temperature from 25 to 70 °C at the condition where nanoparticles mass fraction was chosen to be 5 wt%, the value of dynamic viscosity of CuO/ethanol, CuO/deionized water, CuO/ethylene glycol declined 69%, 66%, and 65% respectively. Finally, a correlation was proposed for the relative dynamic viscosity of nanofluid based on the CuO nanoparticles mass fraction and temperature of the basefluid and nanoparticles.     

Novel methanol-tolerant Ir-S/C chalcogenide electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction in DMFC fuel cell

Novel methanol-tolerant oxygen-reduction catalysts,iridium-sulphur (Ir-S) chalcogenides with different Ir/S atomic ratios,were synthesized via a precipitation method using H 2 IrCl 6 and Na 2 SO 3 as the Ir and S precursors.Powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to characterize the Ir x S 1 x/C chalcogenide catalysts.Particle size ranging from 2.5 to 2.8 nm though obvious agglomeration was found on carbon support.However,these chalcogenide catalysts showed strong...     

Immobilization of TiO2 nanoparticles on activated carbon fiber and its photodegradation performance for organic pollutants

The immobilization of titanium dioxide(TiO2) on activated carbon fiber(ACF),(TiO2/ACF),was accomplished by sol-gel-adsorption method followed by calcination at temperatures varying from 300 to 600℃ in an argon atmosphere.The material properties were determined by scanning electron microscope(SEM),X-ray diffraction(XRD) and nitrogen adsorption.The photodegradation behavior of TiO2/ACF was investigated in aqueous solutions using phenol and methyl orange(MO) as target pollutants.The effects of calcination temperature,photocatalyst dosage,initial solution pH and radiation time on the degradation of organic pollutants were studied.It was found that organic pollutants could be removed rapidly from water by the TiO2/ACF photocatalyst and the sample calcined at 500℃ exhibited the highest removal efficiency.Kinetics analysis showed that the photocatalytic degradation reaction can be described by a first-order rate equation.In addition,the possibility of cyclic usage of the photocatalyst was also confirmed.Moreover,TiO2 is tightly bound to ACF and can be easily handled and recovered from water.It can therefore be potentially applied for the treatment of water contaminated by organic pollutants.     

不同管径氧化钛纳米管层的微动磨损性能

利用阳极氧化法在纯钛表面制备了3组平均内径不同的TiO2纳米管层试样,用扫描电子显微镜、硬度仪和轮廓仪对试样表面形貌、显微硬度、纳米硬度和粗糙度进行测试.在大气环境里,以球/平面接触方式,对摩偶件为超高分子聚乙烯球,采用PLINT高精度液压伺服式微动磨损试验机,分别在4种法向载荷下,对试样进行微动磨损试验.结果表明:随法向载荷的增加,同一摩擦副的摩擦系数降低;TiO2纳米管层的存在降低了钛与UHMWPE之间的摩擦系数,在不同载荷下纳米管层表面的摩擦系数均随管径的增大而增大,但低于无纳米管层的对照组;与UHMWPE对摩,TiO2纳米管层有很好的承载、抗剥离和耐磨性能;摩擦副的主要磨损机理为磨粒磨损、UHMWPE塑变导致的表层材料损失.     

Programmed nanoparticle-loaded microparticles for effective antigen/adjuvant delivery

A microscale vaccine containing SiO2 nanoparticles loaded in CaCO3 microparticles was constructed using the co-precipitation method.The antigen ovalbumin(OVA)wa...     

NbSe2/Ag纳米复合材料的制备及其作为煤矿机械机用润滑油添加剂摩擦学行为的研究

采用化学还原法成功制备出NbSe₂/Ag纳米复合材料,即在NbSe₂纳米片表面沉积1层纳米Ag颗粒. 采用UMT-2摩擦磨损试验机以及扫描电子显微镜(SEM)研究了NbSe₂/Ag纳米复合材料添加到煤矿机械机用润滑油中的摩擦学行为. 结果表明:相比于纳米Ag颗粒和NbSe₂,NbSe₂/Ag纳米复合材料添加到润滑油中更加有效地改善了润滑油的润滑承载效果. NbSe₂/Ag纳米复合材料所表现出最优良的摩擦学行为. 原因主要可能在于4个方面:第一,根据理论计算得出NbSe₂、Ag和NbSe₂/Ag纳米复合材料产生滑移的最大抗剪切强度按从小到大顺序排列为NbSe₂/Ag纳米复合材料、Ag、NbSe₂。NbSe₂/Ag纳米复合材料抗剪切强度最小,润滑效果最好;第二,NbSe₂/Ag纳米复合材料中的NbSe₂由于纳米Ag负载相比于纯NbSe₂具有更好的分散性,更利于形成完整均匀的润滑膜;第三,Ag质软润滑且弹性模量小,NbSe₂/Ag纳米复合材料受到摩擦热以及剪切作用形成的润滑膜由于Ag的存在提高了脆性破坏能力,使得润滑膜在摩擦副上硬凸点的刮擦作用下不易破裂;第四,部分纳米Ag球状颗粒可能存在接触界面上有效的滚动,起到“微轴承”的作用从而降低摩擦系数. 然而,润滑油的润滑效果与所添加的NbSe₂/Ag纳米复合材料含量并非呈现正相关关系,而是随着添加含量的增加呈现先降低后增加的趋势,在质量分数为1.5%时,效果最佳.      

Extrudate Trilobe Catalysts and Loading Effects on Pressure Drop and Dynamic Liquid Holdup in Porous Media of Trickle Bed Reactors

The hydrodynamics of concurrent gas-liquid downflow through a porous media of fixed bed reactor has been studied experimentally in a range of trickling flow rates. A pilot bed is packed with industrial spherical and extrudate trilobe catalysts. The industrial trilobe catalysts are packed in a bed using two different methods: random close or dense packing and random sock packing. The experiments are performed for single phase in the cases of wet and dry packed beds and for two-phase flow conditions. The comparisons of pressure drops as well as liquid holdup are carried out for the above three different porous media, random close, dense packing and random sock packing. It is shown that the pressure drop of the dense loaded bed is higher than that of spherical particles which have approximately the same porosity. The results also revealed that the bed porosity, shape and contact points of the loaded catalyst have significant effects on the dynamic liquid holdup of the TBRs. Finally, a new correlation was developed for dynamic liquid holdup and pressure drop calculation for trilobe dense and sock catalyst beds and beds which are loaded with spherical particles.     

含纳米银有机流体的制备及其摩擦学性能研究

采用溶剂萃取法将银离子转移到有机相并直接还原，制备了稳定的含纳米银有机流体；采用傅立叶红外光谱仪和透射电子显微镜等表征了有机流体中的纳米银微粒；采用MMW-1型立式摩擦磨损试验机考察了含纳米银液体石蜡的摩擦学性能．结果表明，萃取剂对纳米银微粒具有良好的表面修饰作用；纳米银微粒可以有效地改善液体石蜡的减摩抗磨性能；纳米银质量分数为0．1％的液体石蜡的减摩性能最佳；所采用的制备方法工艺简单，可望用于含纳米微粒的有机流体和润滑油的规模化制备。     

Facile biogenic selenium nanoparticle synthesis,characterization and effects on oxidative stress generated by UV in microalgae

Since nanoparticle synthesis via chemical and physical methods is expensive and includes hazardous chemicals, biosynthesis has emerged as an environmentally friendly, clean and viable alternative. The present study reports the synthesis of selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) using Citricoccus sp.. For the production of SeNPs, the influence of some parameters (time, pH, temperature and stirring rate) was studied. Optimum synthesis conditions were found as pH 8, 24 h reaction time, 37 °C and 150 rpm. Synthesized particles were spherical and were 104.46 ± 50.82 nm with a zeta potential of –20.43 ± 0.41 mV. Afterward, the effects of the nanoparticles on oxidative stress biomarkers, hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), malondialdehyde (MDA), chlorophyll (a + b) and growth rate, subsequent to UV-C irradiation on Chlorella vulgaris were investigated. In culture contains nanoparticle and UV-C exposed, the amount of H₂O₂ and MDA decreased on the 1st, 3rd and 7th days following UV exposure compared to UV-applied group, while optical density and cell density increased, the amount of chlorophyll (a + b) changes were statistically similar. Consequently, it has been shown that the synthesized SeNPs alleviated the adverse effects of UV stress in microalgae.     

MASS PRODUCTION OF NANOPARTICLES BY HIGH GRAVITY REACTIVE PRECIPITATION TECHNOLOGY WITH LOW COST

Mass production of nanoparticles at low cost has attracted much attention from industrial and academic circles. In this paper, a novel method, the high gravity reactive precipitation (HGRP) technology, of manufacturing CaCO3 nanoparticles, presently scaled-up to an annual capacity of 10,000 tons, is presented. This paper describes the process princ/ple, the process design and experiments on the syntheses of 15-30 nm CaCO3, 30-50 nm SiO2,20-30 nm TiO2, 20-60 nm ZnO, 20-30 nm ZnS, 30 nm SrCO3, 40-70 nm BaTiO3, stick-like nano BaCO3 as well as nano-fibrillar aluminum hydroxide measuring 1-10 nm in diameter and 50-300 nm in length, using liquid-liquid,gas-liquid and gas-liquid-solid reactant systems. The advantage of using the HGRP technology is illustrated by comparison to conventional methods.     

PHASE STRUCTURE OF W-DOPED NANO-TiO2 PRODUCED BY SOL-GEL METHOD

With Ti（OBu）4 as precursor, and HAc as complexing agent, pure and W-doped TiO2 gelatins were prepared by a sol-gel method. During the process of gel formation, metal ions were dispersed in the porous TiO2 matrix. Then, powders of nano-TiO2 and W-doped nano-TiO2 were prepared by drying, grinding and heat treatment at different temperatures. The grain size and structure of the samples, pure TiO2 and W-doped, and treated at different temperatures were studied by X-ray diffraction （XRD）, Beckman Coulter Sorption Analysis and TEM. Results showed that, with increasing temperature, the TiO2 transformed from anatase to rutile and the grain size increased. This transformation and grain growth of TiO2 could be retarded by doping with W.     

非离子表面活性剂体系层状液晶中硫化锌纳米颗粒的抗磨性

利用层状液晶中溶剂厚度的限定性,在ＴｒｉｔｏｎＸ－１００／Ｃ１０Ｈ２１ＯＨ／Ｈ２Ｏ体系层状液晶中,分别各以０．１ｍｏｌ／Ｌ的Ｚｎ（ＣＨ３ＣＯＯ）２和Ｎａ２Ｓ水溶液代替组分水制备出粒径约为１０ｎｍＺｎＳ颗粒,并对层状液晶中ＺｎＳ纳米颗粒的抗磨性能进行了研究,结果表明,ＺｎＳ纳米颗粒能提高ＴｒｉｔｏｎＸ－１０Ｃ１０Ｈ２１ＯＨ／Ｈ２Ｏ体系层状液晶的抗磨性,但对极压性能无影响。