非离子表面活性剂Tween 20的胶束电动毛细管色谱分离

采用非离子表面活性剂Tween20胶束电动毛细管色谱法(MEKC),成功分离了莨菪亭、芸香苷和七叶亭3种多酚化合物。分离缓冲液为50mmol/LTween20 60mmol/LNa2B4O7(pH9.4)溶液,并用示差分光光度法测定Tween20与芸香苷和七叶亭的反应平衡常数和结合比,反应平衡常数分别为4.53×105和2.23×105(L/mol)2,结合数均为n=2。结果表明:Tween20-MEKC分离3种多酚是基于多酚与Tween20结合作用和电泳淌度的差异。     

毛细管电泳在手性分离中的应用进展

本文以手性选择剂为线索综述了近五年来毛细管区带电泳和胶束电动毛细管电色谱在手性药物拆分中的应用进展,列举了部分手性药物拆分实例.     

毛细管电泳在火炸药研究中的应用

近年来,毛细管电泳以其高效、快速、微量的特点,在火炸药分析领域被广泛应用并迅速发展。本文从毛细管区带电泳、胶束电动毛细管色谱、毛细管电色谱、芯片毛细管电泳、微乳毛细管电动色谱这五种毛细管电泳的模式出发,结合本实验室的最新研究进展,综述毛细管电泳在火炸药研究中的应用。     

胶束电动毛细管色谱中的双峰及其成因

研究了以十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(或十二烷基硫酸钠)为准固定相的胶束电动毛细管色谱法中的双峰及其形成原因. 指出在一定的条件下一种组分可以出现2个峰. 实验表明, 某一组分相应双峰的相对峰面积取决于该组分与表面活性剂之间的反应时间与温度以及样品中表面活性剂的浓度. 当样品中表面活性剂浓度增加时, 双峰中一个峰的相对峰面积增加, 而另一个减小; 温度可以加速反应的过程. 这意味着被分析物与表面活性剂之间的相互作用是一个慢过程, 这种相互作用可以产生一种稳定的物质, 并导致双峰的形成. 十六烷基三甲基溴化铵与间羟基苯甲酸反应产物的红外与核磁共振光谱证实了这一点.     

阳离子表面活性剂胶束电动毛细管色谱中的假峰现象

研究了以十六烷基三甲基溴化铵为准固定相的胶束电动毛细管色谱中假峰的起源。指出在一定条件下,一个组分可能出现两个峰。实验表明,被分析物双峰的相对峰面积取决于被分析物与表面活性剂反应的时间、温度以及表面活性剂在样品中的浓度。这意味着被分析物与表面活性剂之间的反应是一个慢过程,这种相互作用能够产生一种稳定的物质,并导致假峰的形成。根据实验结果,溶质与胶束之间的快速相互作用机理应被质疑。     

毛细管电泳中聚合物溶液筛分脱氧核糖核酸

围绕着毛细管电泳中聚合物溶液筛分脱氧核糖核酸（ＤＮＡ）的机理和分离介质、条件,综述了近年来该技术的发展,及其在ＤＮＡ测序、聚合酶链反应（ＰＣＲ）产物分析方面的应用及其发展前景。     

肽脂质在毛细管胶束电动色谱中的应用

以自主合成的肽脂质(N C5Gly2C16)作为表面活性剂进行毛细管胶束电动色谱(MEKC)研究。测定了不同pH值条件下的迁移时间窗口,并且与十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)为准固定相的MEKC模式对比,考察了硫脲的保留行为。结果表明,肽脂质可以在较低的浓度下形成胶束,具有背景较低的特征。在优化条件下,采用此系统成功分离了石芽茶提取物,说明以肽脂质作为表面活性剂的MEKC系统具有特殊的分离选择性。     

动力学涂层毛细管电泳分离双链脱氧核糖核酸片段

以异丙醇为聚合反应链转移试剂，水相法合成了短链聚N，N－二甲基丙烯酰胺（PDMA），研究表明，该聚合物能在毛细管内壁形成稳定的动力学涂层，从而有效地抑制电渗流和毛细管内壁与DNA的作用。这种介质被成功地应用于DNA片段的高效分离。     

毛细管胶束电动色谱定量方法研究

在前文中,我们报道了毛细管胶束电动色谱(MECC)的原理、装置,电中性物质的分离以及各物理因素对分离的影响。本文在前文的基础上,对MECC中保留时间重现性,峰高、峰面积定量的重现性、线性和检测限等进行了较为系统的研究,并讨论了进样时间对峰高和峰面积的影响。     

蛋白质的微乳液毛细管电动色谱分离研究

考察了用微乳液毛细管电动色谱(MEEKC)分离蛋白质时微乳液组成等不同因素对分离的影响,并与胶束电动色谱进行对比,探讨了其分离机理,为蛋白质的分离鉴定提供了一种有力的工具.     

中性红分光光度法测定脱氧核糖核酸

研究了有机染料中性红与脱氧核糖核酸(DNA)的结合反应, 选择了实验的最佳条件: pH 5.0 的B-R缓冲溶液2.5 mL, 1.0×10-3 mol/L中性红溶液0.6 mL, 反应20 min后体系的吸光度很稳定, 在λ=530 nm处有最大吸收峰, 并且随着DNA的加入, 中性红的吸收峰显著下降. 因此以中性红为标记物, 根据其在波长530 nm处吸收峰下降的程度, 可用于定量测定DNA. 测量DNA的线性范围为0～10 μg/mL, 相关系数为0.998, 该方法具有较高的灵敏度和选择性, 已用于合成试样分析.     

Assistant deoxyribonucleic acid recycling with Zn and molecular beacon for electrochemical detection of deoxyribonucleic acid via target-triggered assembly of mutated DNAzyme

A novel enzyme-free amplification strategy was designed for sensitive electrochemical detection of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) based on Zn²⁺ assistant DNA recycling via target-triggered assembly of mutated DNAzyme. A gold electrode was used to immobilize molecular beacon (MB) as the recognition probe and perform the amplification procedure. In the presence of target DNA, the hairpin probe 1 was opened, and the DNAzyme was liberated from the caged structure. The activated DNAzyme first hybridized and then cleaved the MB in the presence of cofactor Zn²⁺. After cleavage, the MB was cleaved into two pieces and the ferrocene (Fc) labeled piece dissociated from the gold electrode, thus obviously decreasing the Fc signal and forming a free DNAzyme strand. Finally, each target-induced activated DNAzyme underwent many cycles to trigger the cleavage of many MB substrates. Therefore, the peak current of Fc dramatically decreased to approximately zero. The strategy showed a detection limit at 35 fM levels, which was about 2 orders of magnitude lower than that of the conventional hybridization without Zn²⁺-based amplification. The Zn²⁺ assistant DNA recycling offers a versatile platform for DNA detection in a cost-effective manner, and has a promising application in clinical diagnosis.     

C-12炸药合成中间体及成品的毛细管电泳分离

用毛细管区带电泳的方法和胶束电动毛细管色谱的方法，分别对C-12炸药合成中间体的三个位置异构体和C-12炸药成品及其杂质进行了分离。两种实验体系的选择性和重现性都较好，不仅C-12炸药合成中间体的三个位置异构体得到了良好的分离，而且C-12炸药成品及其杂质也获得了满意的分离结果。     

Fluorescence quenching of graphene oxide combined with the site-specific cleavage of restriction endonuclease for deoxyribonucleic acid demethylase activity assay

We report on the development of a sensitive and selective deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) demethylase (using MBD2 as an example) activity assay by coupling the fluorescence quenching of graphene oxide (GO) with the site-specific cleavage of HpaII endonuclease to improve the selectivity. This approach was developed by designing a single-stranded probe (P1) that carries a binding region to facilitate the interaction with GO, which induces fluorescence quenching of the labeled fluorophore (FAM, 6-carboxyfluorescein), and a sensing region, which contains a hemi-methylated site of 5′-CmCGG-3′, to specifically recognize the target (T1, a 32-mer DNA from the promoter region of p53 gene) and hybridize with it to form a P1/T1 duplex. After demethylation with MBD2, the duplex can be specifically cleaved using HpaII, which releases the labeled FAM from the GO surface and results in the recovery of fluorescence. However, this cleavage is blocked by the hemi-methylation of this site. Thus, the magnitude of the recovered fluorescence signal is related to the MBD2 activity, which establishes the basis of the DNA demethylase activity assay. This assay can determine as low as ∼(0.05 ± 0.01) ng mL⁻¹ (at a signal/noise of 3) of MBD2 with a linear range of 0.2–300 ng mL⁻¹ and recognize MBD2 from other possibly coexisting proteins and cancer cell extracts. The advantage of this assay is its ability to avoid false signals and no requirement of bisulfite conversion, PCR amplification, radioisotope labeling, or separation.     

A modular microfluidic system for deoxyribonucleic acid identification by short tandem repeat analysis

Microfluidic technology has been utilized in the development of a modular system for DNA identification through STR (short tandem repeat) analysis, reducing the total analysis time from the ∼6 h required with conventional approaches to less than 3 h. Results demonstrate the utilization of microfluidic devices for the purification, amplification, separation and detection of 9 loci associated with a commercially-available miniSTR amplification kit commonly used in the forensic community. First, DNA from buccal swabs purified in a microdevice was proven amplifiable for the 9 miniSTR loci via infrared (IR)-mediated PCR (polymerase chain reaction) on a microdevice. Microchip electrophoresis (ME) was then demonstrated as an effective method for the separation and detection of the chip-purified and chip-amplified DNA with results equivalent to those obtained using conventional separation methods on an ABI 310 Genetic Analyzer. The 3-chip system presented here demonstrates development of a modular, microfluidic system for STR analysis, allowing for user-discretion as to how to proceed after each process during the analysis of forensic casework samples.     

毛细管电泳同时分离测定阿魏酸、异阿魏酸的研究

建立了同时分离测定阿魏酸、异阿魏酸的毛细管电泳(CZE)新方法。以20 mmol/L硼砂为背景电解质,体积分数15%异丙醇为有机改性剂,分离电压为20 kV,在219 nm波长下紫外检测。对硼砂浓度、有机溶剂体积分数、分离电压等因素对分离的影响做了系统的研究,最后确立了阿魏酸、异阿魏酸的最佳分离条件。阿魏酸、异阿魏酸分别在2.40~24.0μg/mL、1.80~18.0μg/mL范围内线性关系良好(r=0.9995和r=0.9991),回收率分别为96.61%~101.9%,98.80%~101.8%。方法已用于升麻中阿魏酸、异阿魏酸的测定。     

毛细管区带电泳对羟基苯甲酸三种异构体的分离研究

考察了邻羟基苯甲酸、间羟基苯甲酸和对羟基苯甲酸在毛细管区带电泳分离时的行为。研究了缓冲液pH、浓度和分离电压对三种羟基苯甲酸异构体分离的影响,结果表明在10 mmol/L Na2HPO4缓冲体系(pH 10.15),运行电压25kV,实验温度25℃的分离条件下,采取压力进样(3.4 kPa×3 s),检测波长210nm;3种异构体在7 min内获得基线分离。邻羟基苯甲酸、间羟基苯甲酸、对羟基苯甲酸在2~100μg/mL范围内,峰面积与质量浓度具有较好的线性关系,检出限分别是0.96,1.27和1.07μg/mL。     

Enantioselective separation of rivastigmine by capillary electrophoresis with cyclodextrines

Different beta-cyclodextrines (beta-cyclodextrin, heptakis (2,3,6-tri-O-methyl)-beta-cyclodextrin, hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin, and sulfated beta-cyclodextrin) were investigated as additives for the enantioselective separation of the R-form from rivastigmine ((S)-N-ethyl-3-[(1-dimethylamino) ethyl]-N-methyl-phenyl carbamate), contained as impurity in this drug, which is used for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Electrophoresis was performed in an acidic background electrolyte (triethanolammonium phosphate, 75 mM, pH 2.5) with various concentrations of the additives. The electrophoretic mobilities measured are typical functions of the additive concentrations, with complex constants (obtained by fitting the appropriate binding curve on the data) ranging between about 180 and 770 M(-1). Best separation was obtained with 7.5 mM beta-cyclodextrin, with the R-enantiomer as impurity migrating before the main S-compound. Intra- and interday reproducibility (n = 6 and 18, respectively) of migration time and peak area was in the low percentage range, linearity of the calibration line for the quantitation of the impurity in the range between 2.3 and 50 microg/ml, expressed by the linear correlation coefficient, was 0.9998. The limits of detection and quantitation, respectively, were 0.7 and 2.3 microg/ml, corresponding to 0.05 and 0.15%, m/m of the R- relative to the S-compound. Analysis can be carried out at 18 degrees C in less than 19 min.     

A technique for capillary joining in capillary electrophoresis

Summary Aspects of cracking and joining capillaries have been investigated. Capillary coupling was achieved using various methods. The most successful used hydrofluoric acid-etched capillaries to form male and female ends which were then joined together. This type of joint was used to connect sections of capillary of similar and different internal diameters with minimal loss in resolution, peak width and number of theoretical plates. (Uridine and hypoxanthine was used as a test mixture). For hypoxanthine on a 50 m/50 m etched joined capillary 10 cm from the detector window the number of theoretical plates was 96.6% of that for hypoxanthine on an unbroken capillary. Following the relative success of capillary joining, a coupled capillary flowcell (50 m/200 m) was produced and evaluated.     

Polycation coating poly(dimethylsiloxane) capillary electrophoresis microchip for rapid separation of ascorbic acid and uric acid

A novel method for rapid separation and determination of ascorbic acid and uric acid has been developed with a polycation-modified poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) microchip under a negative-separation electric field. Just by flushing the microchip with aqueous solutions of the polycations, poly(allylamine) hydrochloride, poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) or chitosan could be stably coated on the PDMS microchannel surface, which resulted in a reversed electroosmotic flow and thus the rapid and efficient separation of the two substrates. Factors influencing the separation, including polycation category, buffer solution, detection potential and separation voltage, were investigated and optimized. The cheapness, rapid analysis speed and the successful analysis of human urine make this microsystem attractive for application in clinics. Figure The electropherograms of 100 μ/mL AA and UA in (1) PAH, (2) PDDA, (3) Chitosan modified PDMS microchannels and native PDMS microchip (4).