应用边界元法模拟纤维增强复合材料平面弹性问题

将含有随机分布多种夹杂相复合材料的二维弹性力学问题归结为复连通区域的边界积分方程,进而转化成矩阵方程进行求解和分析．根据同类夹杂相外在边界上的面力与位移之间关系矩阵完全相同的特点,使得最后的矩阵方程阶数得到大规模减少,这正是此处提出改进的边界元方法的主要思路．数值算例表明,对于此类问题,与常规的边界元分域解法相比更加有效．以该方法为基础,可以详细给出纤维增强复合材料二维条件下的宏观等效力学性质．     

High-Temperature Creep of Fibrous Metal-Matrix Composites under Varying Stresses

The present paper is aimed at testing the hypothesis about the failure of the relatively weak fiber/matrix interface under cyclic loading, which causes an increase in the steady-state creep rate. The hypothesis is tested qualitatively by comparing the creep behavior of composite specimens with various interface strengths under the conditions mentioned (loading-unloading-loading to the original level). The hypothesis is tested semi-quantitatively by estimating the interface strength in relation to the action decreasing the strength. The latter requires the use of a microstructural calculation model. Both the approaches are used in the paper, and the results found support this hypothesis. The experimental data obtained are an additional argument for the necessity of developing metal-matrix composites with a strong interface, which can be a basis for real creep-resistant high-temperature composites.     

The Sensitivity of Residual Stresses of Cross-Ply Laminates to Manufacturing and Material Parameters

By using a finite-element model elaborated, the sensitivity of residual stresses of polyester/glass cross-ply laminates to manufacturing and material parameters is investigated. The development of residual stresses in the laminates and the significance of the parameters for the problem are discussed. It is found that the main attention in calculating residual stresses should be focused on the properties of resin, which must be measured with care. The most important parameters related to the resin are, of course, its stiffness, thermal expansion, and chemical shrinkage, while the properties of fibers can be obtained from material handbooks with a sufficient accuracy. In curing a thin laminate in an autoclave, the simulation of chemical reactions and the parameters needed in thermal analysis are quite insignificant, because, in practice, the autoclave temperature and the properties of the mold determine the laminate temperature history.     

Prediction and Measurement of Residual Strains for a Composite Bonded Joint

A quasi-isotropic composite laminate/adherend of IM6/3501-6 and a composite bonded specimen were manufactured and tested. The bonded specimen was fabricated by postbonding composite adherends together using a 177°C adhesive resin. Predictions for the residual curing strains in the composite adherends and the adhesively bonded composite specimen were performed using a thermomechanical linearly elastic analysis. The analysis was performed using a computer program based on a polynomial spline displacement approximation method [1]. The residual strains of the specimens were measured using the moiré interferometry technique. Diffraction gratings were replicated at room temperature onto the edges of polished laminated adherends and on the edge of a fully cured adhesively bonded specimen. The specimens were cut through their entire thickness in the middle of the diffraction grating area, resulting in a redistribution of the residual curing stresses, with corresponding changes in the strain field at the edges of the cut. A full-field deformation pattern was obtained in the grating area by analyzing the recorded fringe patterns. The deformation field induced by the cut in the laminated adherends and the adhesive bondline were estimated by the linear thermomechanical analysis. A good agreement between the analysis and the experimental results was obtained.     

遗传算法过早收敛现象的马氏链分析

GeneticAlgorithmsarealtitudeparalleling ,self_adaptingandrandomsearchmethodsthatbasedonideasfromnaturalchoiceandnaturalgenetics.Theyarealsobionicoptimumalgo rithmsdrewonbiologicalevolutionespeciallygenetictermsandprincipal.ThedefinitionofconvergenceofGAshadmayvarieties ,includingconvergenceindistribution ,inprobability ,inprobability 1andconvergencealmosteverywhere ,etc ..EvenforGAsmodel,differentdefini tionhaddifferentlimit.Itmightbeglobaloptimalsolution ,localoptimalsolutionornonopti malso…     

Efficient Genetic Algorithms Using Simple Genes Exchange Local Search Policy for the Quadratic Assignment Problem

In this paper, we describe an approach for solving the quadratic assignment problem (QAP) that is based on genetic algorithms (GA). It will be shown that a standard canonical GA (SGA), which involves genetic operators of selection, reproduction, crossover, and mutation, tends to fall short of the desired performance expected of a search algorithm. The performance deteriorates significantly as the size of the problem increases. To address this syndrome, it is common for GA-based techniques to be embedded with deterministic local search procedures. It is proposed that the local search should involve simple procedure of genome reordering that should not be too complex. More importantly, from a computational point of view, the local search should not carry with it the full cost of evaluating a chromosome after each move in the localized landscape. Results of simulation on several difficult QAP benchmarks showed the effectiveness of our approaches.     

玻壳成型过程诱导残余应力的数值预测

建立了玻壳压制成型固化过程中残余应力预测的数值模拟模型,采用平行平板间玻璃熔体的固化问题来描述成型过程中残余应力形成的机理,并假定材料为热流变简单粘弹性材料．基于板壳理论,将产品视为平板单元的组合,并采用有限元法来求解,这种方法可以象全三维计算一样一层层地计算残余应力,非常适合复杂形状的薄压制成型产品．最后通过实验比较验证了所提出的模型和方法．     

连续时间遗传算法模型及其强收敛性分析

本文在隐马尔可夫链的框架下利用隐马尔可夫链{Xt:t∈[0,∞)}的观测链的概率分布提出一个连续化遗传算法模型，并给出其一个强收敛结果，讨论了其离散骨架的性质。     

Simultaneously Applying Multiple Mutation Operators in Genetic Algorithms

The mutation operation is critical to the success of genetic algorithms since it diversifies the search directions and avoids convergence to local optima. The earliest genetic algorithms use only one mutation operator in producing the next generation. Each problem, even each stage of the genetic process in a single problem, may require appropriately different mutation operators for best results. Determining which mutation operators should be used is quite difficult and is usually learned through experience or by trial-and-error. This paper proposes a new genetic algorithm, the dynamic mutation genetic algorithm, to resolve these difficulties. The dynamic mutation genetic algorithm simultaneously uses several mutation operators in producing the next generation. The mutation ratio of each operator changes according to evaluation results from the respective offspring it produces. Thus, the appropriate mutation operators can be expected to have increasingly greater effects on the genetic process. Experiments are reported that show the proposed algorithm performs better than most genetic algorithms with single mutation operators.     

探井布局问题的遗传算法

首先建立探井布局问题的数学模型 .其次基于所建立的数学模型 ,给出了求解探井布局问题的遗传算法 ,并就一个具体问题进行了计算 .计算结果表明 ,用遗传算法求解探井布局问题耗时少 ,适应性好 ,且对于处理大规模的探井布局问题十分有效 .     

Genetic Algorithms Based on a New System of Integral Equations in Identification of Material Constants for Anisotropic Media

A hybrid method for solving inverse boundary problems is presented. The method consists in combining the genetic algorithms with a new system of integral equations. The effectiveness of the general idea of the method and its practical application are tested in the identification of material constants for a two-dimensional anisotropic medium.     

用改进遗传算法求解矩阵实特征值

依据矩阵特征值的分布理论,通过确定矩阵实特征值的分布区域,用实数编码和具有自适应交叉概率和变异概率的遗传算法来求解矩阵实特征值的近似值.仿真结果表明,此算法可以达到一定的精度,具有一定的通用性.并给求矩阵特征值提供了一种快速的方法.     

基于遗传算法的公交智能调度与优化——以南岳衡山景区为例

南岳衡山(以下简称南岳)以“外秀于林,内秀于文”驰名中外,作为风景名胜区近几年游客人数不断攀升。本文利用遗传算法对景区内公交线路的调度模型进行求解。首先,根据景区现有的公共交通资源和旅客的出行规律,构建了以旅游公交营运成本、游客等待成本和游客流失成本三方面优化目标的模型;然后,使用线性加权方法实现对旅客与营运公司双方利益兼顾,进一步完善模型;最后,利用Matlab对实地调研数据的车辆调度方案求解。表明该模型改善了南岳景区旅游交通,满足游客的合理需求,提升了旅游公司经营策略,真正成为“寿岳独秀”的知名品牌。     

遗传算法在林木采伐作业信息管理中的应用

遗传算法是基于生物学进化原理的一种新的优化算法,本文介绍了遗传算法在林木采伐信息管理上的应用,通过林木采伐生产作业的衔接紧密的实际例子,论述了该方法在生产任务安排,降伐运输成本及劳力分配等信息管理中的作用。     

基于GP/GA的数据建模方法

传统的数据建模方法 ,需要利用统计学和人工智能技术对数据进行探索性分析 ,操作者必须掌握大量的先验知识。将遗传程序设计 (GP)和遗传算法 (GA)应用到数据建模中 ,实现模型的自动获取。试验结果表明 ,在遗传操作中执行子树变异操作 ,将性能好的模型结构引入到进化中 ,可以提高遗传程序设计的收敛速度     

Numerical Comparison of Some Penalty-Based Constraint Handling Techniques in Genetic Algorithms

We study five penalty function-based constraint handling techniques to be used with genetic algorithms in global optimization. Three of them, the method of superiority of feasible points, the method of parameter free penalties and the method of adaptive penalties have already been considered in the literature. In addition, we introduce two new modifications of these methods. We compare all the five methods numerically in 33 test problems and report and analyze the results obtained in terms of accuracy, efficiency and reliability. The method of adaptive penalties turned out to be most efficient while the method of parameter free penalties was the most reliable.     

改进实数遗传算法在测算农业机械化贡献率中的应用

首先介绍了改进实数遗传算法的基本原理,并给出了测算农业机械化贡献率的基本数学模型,将采用改进的实数遗传算法进行优化该模型,确定该模型的未知参数,进而计算出农业机械化在农业生产中的贡献率.     

基于遗传算法与牛顿法的联合算法在地表发射率反演中的应用

结合遗传算法全局高效搜索和牛顿法局部细致搜索的优势,充分利用一种算法的优点弥补另一种算法的不足,进而引入一种基于遗传算法和牛顿法的联合算法,并将联合算法应用于反演地表发射率的函数关系中.结果表明,联合算法中由遗传算法提供的初始值使得牛顿法下降的速度快,且很快趋于稳定,达到精度要求;而由任意初始值提供给牛顿法,目标函数下降到一定阶段后反而有所回升,然后才保持稳定,且经和联合算法迭代相同的次数后,目标函数的值仍然非常大,远远达不到要求.因此,从可行性、计算效率上看,联合算法均优于单纯的牛顿法,是一种性能稳定,计算高效的下降方法.     

用改进的遗传算法求解危险货物零担运输多目标配装问题

危险货物零担运输配装问题是铁路部门复杂而急需解决的实际问题.给出了多目标的数学规划模型,先对待装货物进行预处理,然后运用自适应的遗传算法对问题进行了求解,该算法中自适应杂交变异概率的应用提高了收敛速度.最后通过实例证明了该方法的可行性和有效性.     

改进的生成树遗传算法及其在物流配送成本优化中的应用

针对物流配送成本优化问题的特点,建立了数学模型,并对基本的生成树遗传算法进行了改进,同时详细阐述了改进的生成树编码的遗传算法在物流配送成本优化问题中的运用等关键技术.最后根据此算法设计了一个物流配送优化系统,解决了一个物流配送成本优化问题,效果良好.此系统对于中小型物流公司设计最优物流策略和降低物流成本有着很大的应用前景.