光化学催化—示波电位法测定维生素B2

利用维生素Ｂ２被ＥＤＴＡ光致还原产物ＶＢ２的１，５－二氢化物，被碘酸钾氧化为ＶＢ２的光催化过程，以示波电位法测定电极电位的变化率，建立△Ｅ－ＣＶＢ２，１／ｔ－ＣＶＢ２线性关系。提出光电联合测定ＶＢ２的固定电位，固定时间分析方法，准确，快速。     

阳极溶出催化伏安法测定微量铂的研究

矿物中的铂含量很低,专著介绍了比较常用的分析方法。在电分析方法中,利用催化波测定铂可达很高的灵敏度。阳极溶出法也有较高的灵敏度,用阳极溶出催化伏安法测定微量铂尚未见报道。本文考察了阳极溶出催化伏安法测定铂的实验条件,测定了样品。表明该法可在普通极谱仪上进行,可用于地质样品中微量铂的测定,检测极限为2.5×10~(-10)M。     

聚茜素红薄膜修饰电极对硫酸庆大霉素的电催化作用

利用聚茜素红薄膜修饰电极的电催化作用,建立了对硫酸庆大霉素含量进行定量分析的一种电分析方法.在0.02 mol/L PBS(pH=6.86)+0.2 mol/L KNO3+5.0×10-4 mol/L ARS的聚合体系中,利用循环伏安法(CV)电聚合制备聚茜素红薄膜修饰电极(PARSE).PARSE对硫酸庆大霉素具有良好的电催化作用,在0.10 mol/L HCl溶液中,硫酸庆大霉素的浓度在0.4~4.0 mg/mL范围内与峰电流呈良好的线性关系,线性回归方程和线性相关系数分别为:ip(μA) = 0.0395C(mg/mL) + 2.1499,γ= 0.9984,检出限可达0.04 mg/mL.利用该法对硫酸庆大霉素针剂进行定量分析,得到满意结果.10次样品分析结果的相对标准偏差小于4%,完全满足微量分析的要求.     

极谱法测定铑的铑(III)-5-Br-TAMB-CPC配合物新体系及其作用机理的探讨

本文建立了利用Rh(III)-5-Br-TAMB-CP配合物吸附波体系测定铑的电化学分析方法。研究了该体系吸附波的性质及阳离子表面活性剂CPC在体系中的作用机理。该方法灵敏度高, 选择性好, 可用于催化剂中铑的测定。     

极谱法测定铑的铑(III)-5-Br-TAMB-CPC配合物新体系及其作用机理的探讨

本文建立了利用Rh(III)-5-Br-TAMB-CP配合物吸附波体系测定铑的电化学分析方法。研究了该体系吸附波的性质及阳离子表面活性剂CPC在体系中的作用机理。该方法灵敏度高, 选择性好, 可用于催化剂中铑的测定。     

极谱法测定铑的铑(Ⅲ)—5-Br-TAMB—CPC配合物新体系及其作用机理的探讨

本文建立了利用 Rh(Ⅲ)—5-Br-TAMB—CPC 配合物吸附波体系测定铑的电化学分析方法.研究了该体系吸附波的性质及阳离子表面活性剂 CPC 在体系中的作用机理.该方法灵敏度高,选择性好,可用于催化剂中铑的测定.     

反相离子对色谱-脉冲安培电化学法测定硫酸庆大霉素中各组分含量

建立了一种新的用反相离子对液相色谱(LC)分离,以金电极为工作电极的脉冲安培电化学法(PAD)直接检测硫酸庆大霉素中各组分含量的分析方法。流动相为0.033 mol/L草酸、0.012 mol/L七氟丁酸、210 mL/L乙睛,用稀NaOH调节pH至3.4。与报道的其它方法相比,该方法能使庆大霉素各有效组分C1、C1 a、C2、C2 a很好分离,整个分析过程<30 m in。考察了各色谱参数对分离测定的影响。实验证明,本方法不需要衍生化,可直接检测硫酸庆大霉素。     

钛铁矿中钛的测定

利用钛铁矿能显著吸收微波的介电特性，采用家用微波炉，在微波辐照下，用浓磷酸消解矿样，并用氧化还原滴定法测定钛的含量，试验结果表明，该方法能快速分解矿样，测定结果准确，与传统分析方法比较，该法具有简便、快速、低耗、适应大批量样品分析等优点。还对钛铁矿的结构作了X-射线衍射分析。     

抗坏血酸在石墨烯微片修饰玻碳电极上的电化学行为及其测定

基于石墨烯微片修饰玻碳电极对抗坏血酸的电催化作用,建立了测定抗坏血酸的电化学分析方法。石墨烯微片修饰玻碳电极与裸玻碳电极相比,显著提高了抗坏血酸的氧化峰电流,降低了氧化峰电位,提高了测定的灵敏度。该电极测定抗坏血酸的线性范围为5.0×10-5～2.5×10-2mol/L,最低检测限为6.5×10-7mol/L(信噪比=3)。     

硒的阴极溶出催化波法测定及其溶出催化电极过程的研究

将溶出伏安法和极谱催化波法结合起来,用溶出催化波来测定硒。用883型笔录形极谱仪可定量测定4×10^-9-1×10^-7M范围内的硒,检出下限达7×10^-10M。测定过程不必除氧,在选择最佳分析条件的基础上,分别对水样和土样进行了测定和回收试验,并选定了测定这些实际样品的分析条件,建立了一个可用于测定实际样品中微量硒的分析方法。     

Optimizing the quadruple-potential waveform for the pulsed amperometric detection of neomycin

Determination of neomycin is important for quality control of the pharmaceutical preparation. A quadruple-potential waveform used for pulsed amperometric detection of neomycin was investigated. The waveform cleans the electrode by application of a potential more negative than the potential limit to avoid the formation of gold oxide during applying positive potential to clean gold electrode, thus decreasing the dissolution resulting recession of the gold working electrode within gold oxide formation/reduction cycles in the triple-potential waveform. Waveform parameters were optimized to maximize the signal-to-noise ratio (S/N). The detection limit of neomycin B is lower than 0.01 microg/ml. The linearity of framycetin (plotted as peak area of neomycin B) ranges from 0.05 to 100 microg/ml with correlation coefficient 0.9998. R.S.D. (n = 60) of the peak area of neomycin B is lower than 2%. The quadruple-potential waveform shows low detection limits and long-term reproducibility.     

积分脉冲安培法测定苯乙胺

苯乙胺;金电极;循环伏安;积分脉冲安培法     

Comparative study on the analytical performance of three waveforms for the determination of several aminoglycoside antibiotics with high performance liquid chromatography using amperometric detection

A preliminary comparative study was carried out on the analytical performances of a new six-potential waveform and other two detection waveforms, triple-potential waveform and quadruple-potential waveform. The analytical performances compared included signal response, background noise, signal/noise ratio and signal stability. Compared with triple-potential waveform and quadruple-potential waveform, the new six-potential waveform had higher signal response, signal/noise ratio, and sensitivity. As for determination reproducibility, the six-potential waveform also exhibited a slightly better performance than the other two waveforms. Under the selected experimental conditions based on the six-potential waveform, there is a linear correlation between peak area and concentration over two to three orders of magnitude for nine aminoglycoside antibiotics with a correlation coefficients better than 0.998 and the detection limits measured as three times the peak height signal-to-noise ratio for the nine aminoglycoside antibiotics were in the range of 0.0198-0.889 microg/mL. The proposed method had been used to analyze real gentamicin sulphate drug sample.     

Parameters affecting the determination of mercury by anodic stripping voltammetry using a gold electrode

The electrochemical determination of aqueous Hg(II) by anodic stripping voltammetry (ASV) at a solid gold electrode is described. The aim of this work is to optimise all factors that can influence this determination. Potential wave forms (linear sweep, differential pulse, square wave), potential scan parameters, deposition time, deposition potential and surface cleaning procedures were examined for their effect on the mercury peak shape and intensity. Five supporting electrolytes were tested. The best responses were obtained with square wave potential wave form and diluted HCl as supporting electrolyte. Electrochemical and mechanical surface cleaning, aimed at removing the amount of mercury deposited onto the gold surface, were necessary for obtaining a good performance of the electrode. Response linearity, repeatability, accuracy and detection limit were also evaluated.     

Determination of several sugars in serum by high-performance anion-exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection

In this paper, a sensitive, simple and direct method for simultaneous determination of glucose, ribose, isomaltose and maltose in serum sample by high-performance anion-exchange chromatography coupled with integrated pulsed amperometric detection was developed. The four target analytes were easily and completely separated on an anion-exchange column at a flow-rate of 0.25 mL/min by binary step gradient elution in about 16 min and the two eluents were deionized water and 500 mM sodium hydroxide, respectively. The separated four analytes were detected directly by using a gold electrode and quadruple-potential waveform integrated pulsed amperometry without derivatization. Under the optimized conditions, when the injection volume was 25 microL, the detection limits (signal-to-noise ratio equal to 3) for glucose, ribose, isomaltose and maltose were 0.92, 7.50, 12.9 and 10.3 ng/mL, respectively. The calibration graphs of peak area for the four analytes were linear over two to three orders of magnitude with correlation coefficients greater than 0.998. R.S.D. of peak areas of the four analytes for five determinations were no more than 5.6%. The analytical method had been applied to the determination of glucose, ribose, isomaltose and maltose in real serum samples and good results with low relative standard deviation not more than 5.3% were obtained. The accuracy of the proposed method was tested by recovery measurements on spiked samples and good recovery results (98.1-107.9%) were obtained.     

溶出伏安法同时测定矿山地下水中痕量砷铅

本文以电化学预处理的金电极为工作电极,采用线性扫描溶出伏安法实现了矿山地下水中痕量As3+、Pb2+的同时测定。研究了金电极的预处理方法、不同预富集时间和不同电解质对重金属离子测定的影响规律。研究发现,电化学预处理有利于金电极对重金属离子的响应,在最优实验条件下,As3+、Pb2+在电化学活化的金电极上分别于0.18V、-0.07V产生灵敏的溶出峰,峰高与其浓度线性相关,检测限分别可达到0.5!g/L、2!g/L。该方法操作简单、干扰小、线性范围宽、灵敏度高。     

Electrochemical detection of tobramycin or gentamicin according to the European Pharmacopoeia analytical method

Tobramycin and gentamicin are two aminoglycosidic antibiotics used in lung infection, ophthalmic treatments as well as in skin infections. Pharmaceutical companies which produce remedies containing tobramycin and gentamicin need an analytical method for their internal quality control. For several years a simple chromatographic method based on anion exchange separation coupled with amperometric detection was proposed for aminoglycosides. This analytical approach was partially used in the last edition of the European Pharmacopoeia (EP) for tobramycin and gentamicin analysis. In fact they use integrated pulsed amperometric detection (IPAD) on a gold electrode while the separation is obtained on a polymeric wide pore reversed phase instead of anion exchange in alkaline conditions. Such coupling seems to be cumbersome and not so easy to realize and to reproduce from one laboratory to another. Besides, the described method lacks some of the details as important as the waveform steps duration. Unfortunately the quality control (QC) laboratories have to use exactly the method described in the EP, so they complained about the troubles. Therefore, the EP authors published recently a paper regarding the guidelines for good practice in the method application, but the suggestion was not yet resolutive. In our work we evaluated the eluent composition and the kind of amperometric cell, work electrode diameter and cell volume. Mainly we optimized the amperometric waveform. In addition, for tobramycin analysis another chromatographic phase was explored in order to achieve better efficiency and to separate all the impurities confirming the effectiveness of the detection. The conditions described in the paper seem to allow the analyst to operate in conformity with the EP method.     

反相高效液相色谱-脉冲电化学检测法测定重组人生长激素中异丙基-β-D-硫代半乳糖苷

采用反相高效液相色谱（RP-HPLC）-脉冲电化学检测（PED）法测定了重组人生长激素（rhGH）中的诱导剂异丙基-β-D-硫代半乳糖苷（IPTG）。rhGH样品经超滤离心后,用超纯水提取,经C18色谱柱分离,用脉冲电化学器检测。结果表明,样品中添加0.02~0.10 mg/L的IPTG,其回收率为100%~102%,相对标准偏差（n=3）小于10%。在优化的条件下,IPTG的检出限可达1 μg/L（0.1 pmol,25 μL）。该方法简便高效,具有良好的灵敏度、回收率和重复性。     

Optimizing the integrated pulsed amperometric multicycle step waveform for the determination of tetracyclines

A method of modified integrated pulsed amperometric detection with multicycle step waveform (Multi-IPAD) following high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was applied for the determination of tetracyclines (TCs) including dimethyltetracycline (DMTC), oxytetracycline (OTC) and tetracycline (TC). The key advantages of the Multi-IPAD are the abilities to enhance sensitivity and reproducibility and the ability to keep working electrode clean through the use of a high-frequent waveform alteration in integration step and the use of a cleaning potential, which is quite different from conventional three-step potential waveform. The analyses were carried out using the mobile phase of acetonitrile-water mixture solution (10:90, v/v) containing 1% perchloric acid on a C(18) column at a flow rate of 0.21 mL/min. The IPAD waveform parameters were optimized to maximize the signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) and successfully applied for the sensitive detection of TCs. The detection limits (S/N=3, 20 microL injected) were 0.07 mg/L for DMTC, 0.08 mg/L for OTC and 0.05 mg/L for TC. The peak height relative standard deviations (RSDs) of every compound for replicate injection (n=15) determined were below 4.6%.     

Pulsed electrochemical detection of orotic acid by an activated potential waveform at a gold working electrode following anion-exchange chromatography

The application of activated pulsed amperometric detection (APAD) for the determination of orotic acid (OrA) in real samples at a gold working electrode in alkaline solutions, in combination with anion-exchange chromatography, is reported. Such an activated potential waveform was designed with an initial step that involves the formation of redox active species (e.g., adsorbed AuOH/AuO), which in turn is halted upon lowering the applied potential at the detection value while the adsorbed gold hydroxide/oxide species are still catalytically active. A direct comparison between the activated potential waveform and the more commonly used pulsed amperometric detection showed roughly a 20-fold increase in sensitivity. The chromatographic separation of OrA was accomplished by using a microbore anion-exchange column eluted with an isocratic mobile phase composed of 100 mM NaOH+40 mM NaNO(3). Orotic acid was determined at the concentration ranges of 0.2-30 microM (r=0.9997) with an absolute detection limit of 80 pg (10 microL injected). The levels of OrA in cows' milk samples evaluated by standard additions, using 5-aminoorotic acid as an internal standard, ranged from 56 to 126 mg/L. Lower levels were found in raw sheep's milk (<20 mg/L). The assay is shown to be very useful in clinical investigations where relatively high levels of OrA in human urine are correlated to metabolic diseases.