高分子化学理论课与实验课的融合教学模式探索*

以“乙酸乙烯酯的乳液聚合”理论课和实验课为例,探索了将高分子化学理论和实验课程进行融合的创新教学模式。将理论教学和实验教学进行互动和融合的整体安排,克服了传统教学中理论课和实验课相互分离、缺乏相互支撑的缺点。在融合教学模式中,理论课和实验课实行团队协同教学;在同一个实验中设置必修内容和扩展性内容,更好地培养学有余力的学生;将理论课和实验课进行综合考核;对比了实验课前置、实验课居中和实验课后置教学方式,其中实验课居中的融合教学适合于大部分学生,有助于提高学生学习质量。     

环己醇氧化制备己二酸实验工艺改进探究

为了找到己二酸制备实验效果不佳的原因，从4个方面进行了探讨：环己醇最佳滴加速度的确定、反应温度随时间的变化规律、凝聚时间对产品品质的影响及浓缩液的适宜体积。通过实验探究，找到了学生实验失败的主要原因，改进了实验装置，并确定了实验最佳工艺条件：环己醇的滴速20 s/滴左右，凝聚时间8 min，浓缩液的体积约20 mL。改进后的实验成功率达到90%以上，产品品质良好。     

强化实验教学全过程管理 培养高素质化学创新人才

化学是一门实践性很强的学科，化学实验课程是本科化学教育的重要环节，是理论联系实际，进行科学训练，培养学生观察分析现象、提高动手能力、形成科学思维、提高科学素养的重要途径，教师应从大学生实验与研究技能以及科学素质培养的总体要求出发，积极开展基于问题的研究性实验教学，认真上好每一堂实验课，促进学生知识、能力、思维和素质的全面协调发展。     

分析化学实验教学改革的几点建议

针对分析化学实验教学的现状,提出了分析化学实验教学改革的几点建议。改革实验教学内容,增加综合性和设计性实验;改革实验教学方法,弱化教师和课本的作用,增加学生的主动性;统筹安排实验课和理论课,力求2课进度基本一致;完善实验考核机制等,以培养适应社会需求的现代大学生。     

结合理论课堂的知识点设计高分子材料合成实验课程

尝试在"高分子材料合成创新实验"课程中将理论课的知识点巧妙地融入到实验教学中，有目的地设置实验环节，通过对实验现象的分析，帮助学生巩固理论课知识点。为了充分利用实验的等待时间，在有目的地组织学生对实验进行预习的基础上，还尝试"激励学生参与"实验课的教学，鼓励学生以实验小组的形式讲解与实验相关联的理论知识，进一步巩固相关知识点，并扩充知识面。2年的实验教学反馈表明，这些尝试既有效巩固了理论课堂的知识点，做到了活学活用，又激发了学生的学习兴趣，提高了分析问题的能力。     

以学生为中心的递进式“精细化工”实验教学

针对学生实验课积极性不高、实验教学效果不理想的问题，对一门选修课"精细化工"的实验进行了重新思考和设计，让学生参与从实验具体内容制定、操作到结果讨论的整个过程，并首次以"递进式"实验的方式由学生参与第2次实验（基于前一个实验的改进和完善），使学生了解理论知识转化为可行实验方案的具体做法，切身体会在实验原理相同的情况下，实验方案的细微调整对实验结果的巨大影响。结果表明，这种"以学生为中心"的改进能让学生注重实验细节，同时关注实验失败的原因，并在第2次实验中及时修正。这为学生实验综合素质的培养提供了一种教学思路。     

OBE理念下大学生创新实验项目的探究与实践

介绍了OBE教育理念下以“离子型铱配合物的合成及性能研究”作为大学生创新实验训练项目的实施过程。实验内容以2-(4-氟苯基)吡啶、1-(4-氟苯基)异喹啉为主配体,4,4′-二叔丁基-2,2′-联吡啶为中性配体,六氟磷酸根为阴离子合成了2种离子型的铱配合物。2种配合物分别展现出绿光和红光发射,量子效率分别达到85%和73%。整个项目的实施过程以学生为中心,紧密联系科学研究的热点并结合专业理论知识,不仅培养了学生的科研兴趣和创新能力,也锻炼了学生的综合实验能力,取得了较好的学习效果。     

化工基础实验课改革的思考与实践

本文论述了化工基础实验课在高师院校教学中的作用及其应达到的目的要求。提出了对化工基础实验课改革的一些想法和尝试 ,即增加应用和综合实验内容 ,通过实验培养学生应用实验技能和分析解决问题的能力     

维生素C的3种分光光度法测量比较*——仪器分析设计性实验教学的探索与实践

仪器分析设计性实验是培养大学生创新能力的重要手段和途径。根据仪器分析实验课的特点,开设“维生素C的3种分光光度法测量比较”设计性实验项目,通过文献调研、原理阐述、方案制定、性能测试、SPSS数据处理分析软件应用等实验环节,培养学生的综合能力和创新能力。分别建立了每种方法的标准曲线,比较相关系数、回收率和相对标准偏差,并对3种方法进行精密度与准确度实验。实践表明,通过设计性实验的实践,学生的实践能力、创新能力、基本科学素养和综合素质得到明显提高。     

生物化学实验CLIL双语教学模式的实践与思考

针对高校本科生物化学课程双语教学中专业内容与英语学习脱节,教学效果欠佳等问题,构建以内容与语言的融合教学概念（Content and Language Integrated Learning,CLIL）为基础的生物化学实验课双语教学模式。CLIL实验双语教学在传统双语教学模式基础上,通过将语言及专业学科知识以具体实验教学进行有机的融合,为专业英语的学习提供有效的应用环境,将英语学习与应用同步化。在实验课上实施CLIL双语教学,通过实施实验过程中建立真实的英语场景,学生能学习并实际应用专业英语,且利用实验课上人数少、学时多的优势,与学生进行良好的英语听说互动以及写作训练,取得了较好的教学效果。CLIL双语教学在传统双语教学方式上进行改良,将实验内容与专业英语结合,可以充分调动学生学习的积极性及主动性,达到了在学习学科知识的同时提高专业英语水平的目的。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

Selective syntheses of 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones via temperature-dependent Rh(II)-carbenoid-mediated 2H-azirine-ring expansion

The Rh(II)-catalyzed reaction of 2-carbonyl-substituted 2H-azirines with ethyl 2-cyano-2-diazoacetate or 2-diazo-3,3,3-trifluoropropionate provides an easy access to 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones. These compounds can be selectively prepared from the same starting material using temperature as the only varied parameter. The 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, a common precursor for both heterocyclic products, isomerizes into 2H-1,3-oxazine under kinetic control, while 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-one is the sole product of the reaction at elevated temperatures. According to DFT-calculations a one-atom oxazine ring contraction involving ring-opening to a 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, followed by a 1,5- and 1,2-prototropic shift leads to the consecutive formation of imidoylketene and azomethine ylide, which then further undergo cyclization to the pyrrole derivative.