利用手持技术与T形玻璃管探究钠与空气中的氧气反应*

针对钠与氧气反应教学中存在的不足,引入手持技术数字化创新实验,自主设计创新反应装置T形玻璃管以定量探究钠与氧气反应。本研究利用氧气传感器,通过测定密闭体系内氧气含量的变化,帮助学生基于四重表征模型、从定性和定量的角度认识钠与空气中的氧气在室温和加热条件下反应的区别;借助氧气、二氧化碳、湿度等3种传感器从定量的角度探究空气中的二氧化碳与水蒸气对钠的影响,形成对钠与氧气反应的科学认知。     

一种基于氢氧反应热的催化氧气传感器

基于对氢氧反应热的测量 ,设计了1种测量气体中微量氧气含量的传感器 ,它由嵌入反应池的微型薄膜铂电阻 ,氧化锰 -钯催化剂构成 ,铂电阻构成惠斯顿电桥 ;在催化剂作用下 ,氢氧反应放热使反应池内温度升高 ,引起铂电阻值变化 ,使电桥偏移产生响应信号 ;采用直通全消耗微反应池 ,待测氧气可被完全利用 ,使用参比池和恒温装置减小环境温度和湿度波动影响 ;设计的传感器对1～1200×10 -6(w)的氧气呈线性响应 ,定量下限为1×10-6(w) ,90%信号响应时间小于5s;该传感器具有结构简单、响应迅速、灵敏度高、稳定性好等特点。     

模拟雷雨条件下氮气和氧气反应的数字化实验探究

设计了高压放电条件下N2和O2反应的实验装置,利用氧气传感器和压强传感器测量放电后O2浓度的变化,停止放电后O2浓度进一步减小,说明反应过程中生成了NO。向反应后的体系中注入紫色石蕊溶液,模拟雨水中NO2与水反应,可以观察到红棕色变淡,紫色石蕊溶液变红,且氧气和压强传感器数值进一步减小,说明NO2与水反应生成酸性物质,同时生成了NO。     

基于原理解读的铁吸氧腐蚀实验再设计

由教材中吸氧腐蚀原理的解读引发思考, 对相关铁吸氧腐蚀实验再研究, 从溶液中的氧气参与吸氧腐蚀反应的角度设计吸氧腐蚀实验器, 用数字化实验技术中的溶解氧传感器进行实验, 能直观形象地看到溶解氧参与反应, 且有电流产生, 还探究了氯化钠溶液进行实验时的最佳浓度。     

梅猷测定空气组成实验赏析

详细介绍并分析了梅猷测定空气组成实验：利用铁与稀硝酸反应制备出一氧化氮，并将一氧化氮收集在倒置于水面的烧瓶中，使其与瓶中的氧气和水反应，从而测定出空气中氧气的含量。     

Hummingbird传感技术公司即将推出新氧气传感器

Hummingbird传感技术公司即将推出Paracube Micro氧气传感器，该产品将为重症监护医疗应用的氧气传感器建立崭新的标准。新型传感器尺寸紧凑、性能出众，其设计精神旨在为OEM氧气传感器应用提供独特的系统集成性、灵活性、兼容性以及可靠性。     

空间站中的氧气从哪里来——氧气的制备复习课

有关氧气制备的复习课，传统的设计重视对知识的深度进行挖掘；为了体现化学是在不同层面创造物质，注重对知识的宽度进行拓展；以“神舟十三号航天员进驻中国空间站、空间站中的氧气从哪里来”为情境主线，引领学生探索生产生活层面制备氧气的主要方法、化学实验室制备氧气的基本原理及设计反应可控的气体发生装置，并要求学生在课后总结生产生活中制备二氧化碳的方法；整节课通过创设大情境，建构大观念，凸显了化学的应用价值和学科思想，增强了复习课的直观性、趣味性、实践性和主体性等。     

铁丝在氧气中燃烧的实验改进

“铁丝在氧气中燃烧”是初中化学教材中证明氧气化学性质的一个演示实验,该实验证明了氧气比较活泼,在一定条件下可以和金属发生剧烈反应。但是与木炭在氧气中燃烧、硫在氧气中燃烧、蜡烛在氧气中燃烧的演示实验相比,铁丝在氧气中燃烧的实验存在着一些不足的地方,针对这些不足,对铁丝在氧气中燃烧的实验进行了改进。1实验存在的问题按照教材要求,铁丝在氧气中燃烧的实验,须将铁丝绕成螺旋状,并在铁丝的末端绑上一根火柴杆,实验时先将火柴杆点燃,待火柴杆将燃尽时,迅速伸入盛满氧气的集气瓶中。这样的操作存在2个问题:第一,火柴燃烧的程度不…     

钛酸锌高温煤气脱硫剂再生行为的研究

在热天平装置上研究了再生反应温度、反应气体中氧气体积分数、脱硫剂颗粒粒径对钛酸锌高温煤气脱硫剂再生行为的影响。实验结果表明，较高的反应温度和氧气体积分数，较小的颗粒粒径有利于提高脱硫剂的再生反应速率。由于二次反应的影响，脱硫剂再生过程中有硫酸盐生成，提高反应温度或降低反应气体的氧气体积分数可以减少硫酸盐的生成。利用收缩核模型对其动力学行为进行了分析，结果表明，脱硫剂的再生过程存在动力学控制步骤的转移。脱硫剂再生转化率较低（<65%）时，再生过程主要受化学反应控制；再生转化率较高（>75%）时，再生过程主要受颗粒内扩散控制。表观化学反应速率常数的指前因子为8.01×10－2 m/s，活化能为19.11 kJ/mol；有效扩散系数的指前因子为3.12×10－4 m2/s，扩散活化能为48.84 kJ/mol。     

酶生物燃料电池自供能传感器的研究现状及应用

在现代分析领域中,对于生物传感器的要求不断倾向于微型化和便捷化。基于酶型生物燃料电池的自供能传感器在检测目标物的同时可以提供能量,避免了外电源的使用,为生物传感器的微型化和便捷化发展提供了有效途径,日益成为人们关注的焦点。本文按照设计原理进行分类,对近五年内发展的基于酶型生物燃料电池的自供能传感器进行了综述,并展望了其今后的研究趋势和应用前景。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.